Doxycycline

Description overdue on 15.12.2011

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The antibiotic, semisynthetic tetracycline . Doxycycline has a bacteriostatic effect on a wide range of microorganisms. The drug penetrates into cells by inhibiting the activity of intracellular bacteria. The mechanism of action based on inhibition of protein synthesis in the cell of the microbe, disrupting communications subunit ribosomal and membrane transport aminoacyl . The drug is active against anthrax, tularemia, plague bacteria, Brucella, Legionella, Rickettsia, Vibrio cholerae . Chlamydia , Agents of glanders, trachoma, psittacosis, ornithosis, venereal granuloma. Doxycycline has no effect on fungi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus strains. Unlike other tetracycline antibiotics in less inhibits intestinal flora, long acting, more fully absorbed. The drug in its antibacterial activity superior to natural tetracyclines. It has a marked therapeutic activity compared to tetracycline and oxytetracycline. Marked cross-resistance to penicillin, other antibiotics tetracycline. Produced in a capsule, tablet form, as a lyophilisate, a solution for intravenous administration. The capsules contain a yellow powder.

Indications:

Doxycycline is indicated for the treatment of infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases. Respiratory system : bronchitis   acute and chronic form, pharyngitis, tracheitis , Lobar pneumonia, bronchopneumonia . empyema , Lung abscess.   ENT organs : Sinusitis, tonsillitis . otitis. Genito-urinary system : prostatitis . pyelonephritis, cystitis , Urethrocystitis, urethritis , Endometritis, gonorrhea, acute orhiepididimit, endocervicitis, urogenital mycoplasmosis . Biliary tract, digestive tract : cholangitis Diarrhea, "traveler", bacterial dysentery . gastroenterocolitis, cholangitis, cholecystitis . The soft tissues, skin : panaritiums , Abrasions, infected wounds, infected burns, abscesses, cellulitis . The drug is effective in infectious eye disease, yersiniosis, yaws, syphilis, legionella, chlamydia, rickettsial diseases , Fever, Q fever, borreliosis, tularemia, amoebic dysentery, cholera, bacillary tularemia, malaria, actinomycosis, psittacosis, fever, trachoma, leptospirosis, whooping cough , Sepsis, osteomyelitis , Brucellosis, granulocytic ehrlichiosis, peritonitis, bacterial endocarditis . Doxycycline is used to prevent septic complications after surgery.

Contraindications:

Doxycycline is not indicated in the porphyria , Leukopenia, severe hepatic pathology system, pregnancy, breastfeeding, myasthenia In paediatrics.

Side effect:

Nervous system : Dizziness, unsteadiness, headaches, loss of appetite, swelling of the optic nerve . Digestive system : Dyspepsia, esophagitis, dysphagia . glossitis , Nausea, enterocolitis, gastritis. Forming Organs Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia . hemolytic anemia , Eosinophilia. Perhaps the development of maculopapular rash . angioedema , Dysbiosis, photosensitivity, candidiasis , Superinfection.

Mode of application:

If unable to use oral forms of the drug, in severe forms of septic, septic diseases recommended that the intravenous administration of the drug: the speed of the introduction of 60-80 drops per minute, the duration of infusion 1-2 hours. The solutions must be protected from sunlight. When administered intravenously, the treatment is 3-5 days, and then transferred to the oral form of preparation. In the treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease is recommended to appoint a cephalosporins   third generation. The daily dosage - 0, 2 grams of the first day, followed by 0, 1 gram per day in two divided doses. Chronic diseases of the urinary system - 200 mg per day. Syphilis - 10 days of treatment at 0, 3 grams per day. Diarrhea "travelers"   - 0, 2 grams of the first day of travel, then 0, 1 gram of the entire trip, but not more than 3 weeks. Leptospirosis   - 7 days of treatment at 0, 1 gram twice daily.

Special instructions:

To prevent irritant effects ( peptic ulcer , Esophagitis, gastritis) Doxycycline is recommended to drink milk, plenty of fluids, taken with food. In the period of treatment should refrain from sun exposure for 5 days. Long-term therapy requires regular monitoring of blood picture, the functioning of liver, kidney systems. Perhaps staining of tooth enamel in a yellowish brown color. Avoid simultaneous administration with other drugs. In some cases, there is a false increase catecholamines   during fluorescence method. Doxycycline inhibits the development of the fetus, inhibit metalloproteinases in cartilage. When treating malaria   It is used in combination with quinine.

Drug Interactions:

Antacids, sodium hydrogen carbonate, iron supplements, colestipol . kolestiramin , Laxatives reduce the absorption of doxycycline, is recommended that the interval between doses of drugs at least three hours. Doxycycline decreases prothrombin index , Dosage adjustment is required anticoagulants . The drug reduces the effectiveness of cephalosporins and penicillins other antibacterial agents, breaking the cell wall synthesis. The drug reduces the efficacy of oral contraceptives. Stimulants microsomal oxidation fenitoit, carbamazepine . rifampicin Barbiturates, ethanol reduces the concentration of drug in the blood, accelerating its metabolism. Together with the admission Retinol   may increase intracranial pressure.