Neurotic disorders

December 27, 2012

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Neurotic disorders Associated with Stress , Usually distinguished as a separate class of diseases in psychiatry. Such conditions in children and adults differ in that in most cases, patients are able to work well. Therefore, adequate treatment is not performed, as professional help such people turn in rare cases, or not treated at all. Sometimes the symptoms of diseases show a very different diseases, so that is the treatment and prevention   diseases of the digestive tract . hypertension . Dystonia   and other ailments.

Therefore, it is important that the first suspicions on the development of a neurotic disorder in a patient, he asked the advice of a therapist or psychiatrist.

There are several groups of neurotic states, which are characterized by specific symptoms and typical symptoms.

Phobias

The main feature phobias as the neurotic disorders are manifestations of intense fear and anxiety. In some cases, the patient manifested a constant state of anxiety, which can be either undefined or has some clear direction. Phobia called strong and still unconscious feeling of fear in relation to an object or a specific situation. Exposure to the phobia man is constantly in a state of alarm and feels threatened or danger posed by the phenomenon or object that frightens him.

The patient in this condition may occur breathlessness , A feeling of panic fear, heart palpitations, nausea, dizziness . Such features are common to all kinds of phobias that afflict people. If a patient with the disease gets into a difficult situation, then it is shown severe anxiety It is turning into panic. To prevent such manifestations patient tries to protect itself from fear of contact with the object and, accordingly, to some degree isolated from society. As a consequence, in everyday life, he often had difficulties.

At the same time a doctor people affected by phobias, drawn relatively rare. The specialists who mainly come patients, who are subject to the fear of serious illness or impending death. More often irrational fears faced by women. It is often the man clearly understands that his fear has no rational explanation, and is trying to cope with it.

Doctors today distinguish an extensive list of phobias, but they can be subdivided into three major types. With Social phobias   a person manifests the fear of society, as well as a variety of situations that occur daily in society. Social phobia experts define today as one that could seriously damage the quality of human life.

With agoraphobia the patient suffers from symptoms of irrational fear of being trapped.

Another kind of fear - specific phobias In which patients have a fear of specific objects and situations. Fear can cause bacteria, spiders, snakes, medicine and others. Such fears there are many, and their number is constantly growing.

Treatment for phobias depends on the individual characteristics of the disease and the patient, in particular his strength of will and character. One of the methods used in the treatment of phobias, is the use of the patient's exposure to the object of his fear. It simulated a certain situation, and the person is left alone with his pain. Through this approach, the patient comes to the realization that the object of the real harm it does not cause.

It is used in therapy as a technique of opposition, which is to educate human relaxation techniques, enabling you to relax and cope with fear.

Separately, experts allocate panic attacks In which the patient develops a sudden strong feeling of anxiety that goes into a panic. Objective reasons for this state is not observed. When alarm conditions are frequently observed signs depression .

Obsessions

Obsessive-compulsive   called state of the clinical picture is characterized by the presence of a person standing fears, thoughts and feelings that arise in spite of himself. At the same time the patient is aware that they are painful, and critically relate to them. But on their own to overcome this condition he is not capable.

Experts are divided state intrusiveness into several groups. If the patient takes place sense (shaped) obsessions , It concerned obsessive doubts about his actions, memories of unpleasant human events, obsessive representation unpleasant situations, actions, fears, feelings of antipathy.

With the development of a patient obsessive fears very often there are also certain rites, which, according to hurt, to protect it from fear. For example, to prevent the misery of man must always ten times knock on wood.

With Obsessive affective-neutral content the patient manifests an obsessive sophistication, the recollection of words or terms that account.

The states of obsession can be varied, and thus for all of them characterized by the awareness of misconceptions and unnecessary thoughts and actions, but it has a place of their invincibility.

Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder is conducted drug therapy. Patients received antidepressants, tranquilizers. In addition, the method is practiced kongnitivno-behavioral therapy, which consists in the gradual training of the patient the correct forms of behavior and thinking by psychotherapeutic procedures. In particularly severe cases, the two methods are combined.

A condition caused by severe stress

This group includes any neurotic condition, which causes a very strong impact stress . This stressful situation may be the death of a loved one, the attacker attacks, sudden loss of property, and others. This condition can occur in both adults and children. It manifests acute symptoms for which the patient marked inadequacy, severe anxiety, confusion. These symptoms occur immediately after exposure to stress. If you develop symptoms of delayed that occur some time after the difficult events, then the person may experience asthenoneurotic, anxiety and neuroticism, sleep disorders, depression and other symptoms. Treatments should be chosen in such cases, only an expert.

Dissociative disorders

Dissociative disorders   called those disorders in which a person partially or completely lose the relationship between the memories of the past, awareness of their own "I" and the current feelings, control of body movements.

At its core is the dissociation of certain psychological protection. A person who behaves in this way with a strong stress can describe their behavior with the words "it seemed like it all, I do not." In some cases it may be defined as a normal psychological mechanism. But sometimes a person permanently loses control, poorly aware of surrounding events does not remember many things. In this case it is a disease.

Most often, dissociative disorders are the sudden, so determine the part they are difficult. Very often, the patient denies the problem, even if they seem obvious to others.

Depending on the kind of dissociative disorder may manifest its symptoms differently. If a person says dissociative amnesia He may lose the memory of the recently occurred due to severe stress. If it is used in the treatment of hypnosis, the patient remembers all the lost moments. Usually, the patient remains at rest, although sometimes it can be observed a certain degree of distraction. Sometimes a person behaves as if he - a tramp. For example, a few days he may not wash. Dissociative amnesia is usually fixed in people of working age. Often the disorder seen in men who took part in the hostilities.

With dissociative fugue   observed the same features as dissociative amnesia. However, the memory of the events that occurred before the illness, a person can lose completely. The patient may then take a trip to any place connected with his emotions, or not at all unexpected. Outwardly man looks relatively normal, he behaves properly in society, in compliance with the rules of hygiene. However, sometimes the patient may feel completely different person. Period fugue people completely forget.

Able dissociative stupor   patient virtually disappear response to external stimuli, and voluntary movement. He can sit in silence for a long time in one position, while it is completely or partially lost. Sometimes a person is disturbed consciousness, but when he is awake and not in a state of unconsciousness.

Able trance and obsession   the patient for some time lost the awareness of the world and of their own "I". In some cases, it can control the actions of another person. In this state, a person can focus only on a particular aspect, while he often repeat a certain set phrases of movement.

With dissociative disorders of movement and sensation   the patient generally can not move or its movements are hampered. Loses sensitivity of the skin. Sometimes manifesting symptoms indicate the representation of the patient's particular disease.

Diagnosis of this condition is carried out based on the availability of the described symptoms, the absence of violations of physical or neurological, with which they can be to link. Dissociative disorders are associated with stress, insoluble problems. In the treatment of the disorder is the primary method of psychotherapy. Commonly used techniques in which the practice of hypnosis. Typically, such disorders arise, and go suddenly, but very often they occur relapses.

Somatoform illness

Somatoform disorders   called somatic symptoms that doctors can not be explained by organic disease. However, they are not the result of other psychiatric disorders.

There are three groups of disorders: somatisation disorder . somatoform autonomic dysfunction . hypochondriacal disorders . However, all of these groups of disorders can occur in different combinations, so is mainly used their common definition - somatoform disorders

The main manifestation of these disorders is a regular presence at the person's own health complaints. Moreover, such complaints appear, even if the examination and the absence of symptoms indicate normal health.

Somatoform disorder specialists are closely associated with states alarm . depression . Hysteria . hypochondria . One of the distinguishing features of these diseases are just numerous complaints on the work of certain groups and insistence of their treatment. On the psychological causes of patient complaints do not even want to talk, he is clearly confident that sick somatic illness.

The treatment of such disorders is carried out comprehensively, with a combination of psychotherapeutic methods and receiving medication. Methods of psychotherapy beg individually, taking into account the state of the person. Pharmacotherapy involves the appointment of treatment tranquilizers, tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, antipsychotics in various combinations. It is also recommended that patients receiving nootropics, acupuncture Physiotherapy. The treatment lasts about one and a half months since his abrupt cancellation inevitable relapse.

Status of depersonalization

Status of depersonalization   ( derealization ) Disorder manifested self-image: a person perceives themselves and their own actions as if from the outside, it seems that control them, he can not. At certain moments of life in such a state can exist everyone. Depersonalization appears as a consequence of a serious stressful situation and goes after the effects of such stress are not as sharp.

But sometimes these symptoms do not disappear. A man in such a state as it feels out of my body, to fixate on this condition, which in turn causes him anxiety. As a result, the patient develops a certain stereotype of thinking. Such a condition is typical for people who suffer panic attacks . Man can not explain his condition, but it is painful for him.

In the treatment of such a state practice of using psychopharmacological treatment. Psychotropic drugs are chosen strictly individually. Used tranquilizers, antidepressants, antipsychotics. Practice methods of rational psychotherapy, hypnosis, Motivational.

Nervosism

Condition neurasthenia   also called the state of irritable weakness, nervous exhaustion. The disorder refers to a group nervosa . With the development of such a violation a person becomes violent, tearful, and, weeping appears immediately after a fit of anger. In addition to mood swings, for a given condition characterized by disturbances of appetite, sleep, irritability. The patient is reduced performance, impaired memory.

In a state of neurasthenia patient notes at the same time nervous irritability and severe fatigue. Often the person complains of attacks tachycardia , Feeling short of breath, stabbing pain in the heart. Sometimes it seems that the heart beats very slowly, but at the same time, the ECG shows no abnormalities. Man feels bad in transport - its sick and swayed. In the morning may occur headaches and dizziness. Characteristic for the state of neurasthenia and manifestations of various phobias, panic attacks, irrational fear or the sudden awakening during sleep.

To distinguish the three stages of neurasthenia. In first stage   man differs increased irritability and excitability. Such a state of disease people are generally unwilling to assume.

In second stage disease other than spleen sick notes ongoing severe fatigue. The third stage hyposthenic   neurasthenia manifested, inter alia, apathy . sleepiness , Depression.

The reasons for manifestation of the disease, doctors isolated a lot. In general, the modern way of life of people often contributes to the development of neurasthenia. It can develop as a consequence of the chronic shortage of sleep, too much work, lack of normal rest. In addition, the factors causing the development asthenoneurotic syndrome are smoking, alcohol, chronic infections, poor diet, heredity, head injury, birth and intrauterine hypoxia, endocrine disorders.

Neurasthenia can not be cured without recourse to a specialist. But in addition to the passage of treatment neurologist appointed person must completely change the way of life, taking care of normal rest, lack of constant stress. It is important to look for sources of positive emotions, so in the course of treatment are often practiced yoga, meditation, art therapy. It is equally important to ensure normal daily physical activity, give up coffee, alcohol, cigarettes, energy drinks. Each person should be aware that if the above symptoms persist for two weeks or more, then go to the doctor it is necessary, without tightening it.