Ceftriaxone

Description overdue on 24.11.2011

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The preparation ceftriaxone   It relates to cephalosporin Antibiotic   third generation. It acts as a germicide Inhibiting synthesis of bacterial cell walls . This drug has a wide action against microbes By affecting different microorganisms. Ceftriaxone is absorbed quickly and completely after it was introduced by intramuscular injection. Half an hour later the highest observed concentration in plasma. Him bioavailability   - 100 %. In the body, it is stored for a long time. The active substance of Ceftriaxone easily enters the bodies, bones and all body fluids. Its concentration in human milk is about 3 - 4% of the concentration of ceftriaxone serum . Its half-life is happening for five to eight hours. But keep in mind that people starshe75 years, this period is for 16 hours in children - six and a half days, the newborn - about eight days. The kidneys remove about 50% of the drug, part of it goes with the bile. You may experience cumulation   in patients with renal insufficiency.

Indications and methods of use of the drug:

The drug is used in the treatment of infectious diseases, provoked by susceptible microorganisms: infections of upper respiratory tract, respiratory tract, skin infections and infections of the soft tissues of the body, infections, urinary organs, abdominal organs. The drug is indicated for sepsis . bacterial septicemia , In patients with bone and joint infections. The indications for use of the drug ceftriaxone are: bacterial meningitis   and endocarditis . syphilis . Lyme disease . chancroid . typhoid fever . salmonellosis . Ceftriaxone is effective in infections in people with weakened immune system, as well as the prevention of complications after surgery.

Perhaps intravenous and intramuscular administration of the preparation. It should be administered only freshly prepared solutions. When preparing a solution for intramuscular injection formulation diluted with water for injection. The ratio should be as follows: 0, 5 g of ceftriaxone 2 ml of water, 1 g - 3, 5 mL of water. Injections produced in the upper outer quadrant of the buttocks, the needle is inserted deeply. One buttock is not recommended to be administered more than 1 g of the drug. To avoid subsequent occurrence of pain at the site where the drug has been introduced, it is possible to use a one percent solution lidocaine .

When preparing a solution for intravenous administration of the drug is diluted with water for injection. The ratio should be as follows: 0, 5 g of a preparation per 5 ml, 1 g - 10 ml. Administered intravenously over several minutes. To carry out intravenous infusion, 2 g of ceftriaxone must dissolve in 40 ml of a solution which does not contain calcium ions   An intravenous dose of 50 mg / kg body weight administered over half drip .  For children in the neonatal period and premature infants dose is 20-50 mg / kg of body weight once a day .  Newborns with bacterial meningitis should be given a starting dose of 100 mg / kg of body weight once a day .  Once the pathogen has been isolated and its sensitivity is determined, the dose is reduced .  Children from W weeks to 12 years old receive a dose of 50 - 80 mg / kg per day, divided into two administrations .  Adults and children after 12 years take 1 - 2 g once a day .  The treatment period is set depending on the type of infection and severity of the disease .  After all symptoms disappear, and the body temperature returns to normal, the drug therapy should continue for at least three days, .  For adults with uncomplicated gonorrhea single dose administered intramuscularly 0, 25 g PM .  If necessary, the prevention of infection after surgery adult once introduced 1 g of the drug for about two hours before surgery .  Introduction occurs in the form of an intravenous infusion method, it should last for 15 - 30 minutes, the concentration is 10-40 mg / ml .

Contraindications and possible side effects:

Do not take the drug to patients having a high sensitivity to the components of ceftriaxone, and other cephalosporins   and penicillins . It is forbidden to take ceftriaxone in the first trimester of pregnancy. In the treatment of the drug should immediately stop breastfeeding. Contraindications: renal failure.

The drug is relatively well patients tolerate. In some cases there may be a number of side effects. In the digestive system: vomiting . nausea . diarrhea . hepatitis . cholestatic jaundice . pseudomembranous colitis . There may also be gipoprotrombinemii , Interstitial nephritis, a number of allergic reactions. Very rarely angioedema . As the local reactions may occur phlebitis   when administered intravenously, and pain at the site of intramuscular injection. In the long process of treatment at high doses may change the blood picture. In this case, use of symptomatic therapy.

Specific recommendations:

Ceftriaxone can not be combined with other antimicrobials   in one screen. The drug lowers the synthesis Vitamin K , As a consequence, in parallel with receiving drugs that reduce platelet aggregation can develop bleeding. Simultaneous use of ceftriaxone with the "loop" diuretics appear risk nephrotoxicity .