Scabies

December 26, 2011

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Scabies   It is a contagious skin disease, which provokes the appearance of a microscopic parasite called itch-mite   or Sarcoptes scabiei s . The main symptoms of scabies in humans is considered to be severe itching And the emergence of papulovezikuleznoy rash . Very often, the rash may be connected to the secondary pustular elements arising from the fact that the patient too much combing diseased skin.

For the first time about the disease it was mentioned more than 2500 years ago. The disease with similar symptoms described in the Old Testament and in the writings of Aristotle. And in 1687 the first Italian doctors describe the relationship between symptoms and itch mites.

To date, there is evidence that the aggressiveness of scabies increases cyclically.

Scabies occurs with certain seasons. This is due to the fact that the highest fertility scabies mites recorded in September-December. At the same time the external environment it ticks survive better in cool conditions.

In civilized countries, mainly fixed Sporadic outbreak. They usually occur in organized groups. There is evidence that in the late twentieth century, there were approximately 300 million people suffering from scabies.

Most scabies affects children in the preschool age. Scabies in children manifests itself due to the lack of immunity to scabies

Generally, this disease can be infected during in direct contact skin with the skin. Most sexually transmitted diseases. Infection of children occurs when they sleep with their parents in a common bed. For example, insect inactive light during the day, but in order to penetrate the human skin, the tick takes about half an hour. They die very quickly in the environment, and, death is accelerated by low humidity and high temperature.

Ticks mating on the surface of human skin. After mating, the male dies and the female in her itch formed in the course of the stratum corneum lays on the night of
2-4 eggs. The female scabies mite lives of 4-6 weeks. The larvae hatch in 2-4 days, and about two weeks later formed an adult tick. In most cases scabies is passed adults fertilized females.

In the daytime, ticks are not active, and the females lay the evening moves. That's when a man grows itchy.

Initially, when infecting a person with this disease manifest the following symptoms of scabies: itchy skin Which becomes stronger in the evening, erythematous rash papulovezikuleznaya   the skin, the subsequent formation pustules   and crusts   with the formation of polymorphic rash.

When scabies human body exhibits immuno-allergic reaction   on the waste products of scabies mite. Because of this after infection of human scabies mites symptoms appear only after about four weeks. The itching is caused by type IV allergic reactions   eggs, excrement, saliva of ticks. Due to severe scratching going on joining the bacterial flora (we are talking about staphylococci   and

itch moves . On human skin visible when viewed from slightly elevated above the surface of the skin white and gray lines, the size of which can vary from 1 mm to 1 cm. Most often itch moves found in the interdigital spaces, on the penis and the inside of the wrists. In some cases, scabies can not be burrows.

The rash, which manifests itself consists of small erythematous papules . They can be scattered on the skin and drain. After some time, papules may transform into a vesicular rash, rarely - in bullous rash. On the severity of rash scabies primarily affects an allergic reaction.

In addition to the most frequent sites of localization of the rash (in the spaces between the fingers on flexion of the wrist, on the penis) rash affects the elbows, armpits, feet, the area under the breasts in women, navel, waist, buttocks. In severe cases of scabies can spread all over the body. The rash does not strike the case only on the face and the head, covered with hair. Thus, to determine the typical symptoms following important scabies scabies in combination: the presence of itching . itch moves   and primary rash .

Scabies in children vezikulourtikarnoy rash appears later developed moknutija . paronychia   and onychia . In the first six months of life, scabies in children manifests itself like symptoms hives . At the same time the child's symptoms of scabies are also manifested in the appearance of many skin combed blisters Which mainly occur on the face, back and buttocks.

Less scabies in children is manifested acute eczema   So sick child may sleep poorly.

Complications scabies

Due to severe scratching sometimes a bacterial infection of primary cells, after which manifests pyoderma. In some rare cases, this condition leads to post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis   either rheumatic heart disease . When pyoderma often arise boils . ecthyma   and abscesses Accompanied lymphadenitis   and lymphangitis . Also, patients may develop scabies atopic dermatitis   or Microbial eczema . Approximately half of the patients diagnosed with scabies complications in the form pyoderma   and dermatitis .

In addition, in more rare cases, there may be other complications: pyogenic pneumonia . panaritium . erysipelas . septicemia . regional lymphadenitis . Internal abscesses . Infants may develop as a complication of scabies sepsis .

Some patients manifest nodular scabies, symptoms of which is the appearance of bluish-purple or brownish round seal skin. Such education may not disappear for several weeks, even in the absence of parasites.

In addition, the possible manifestation of atypical forms of scabies - Norwegian scabies . psevdosarkoptoz . Scabies "cleanly" .

Diagnosis of scabies

The diagnosis of "itch" can be set, guided by clinical symptoms, the study of epidemiological data, as well as with the use of laboratory examination methods. To date, some widely used methods of laboratory confirmation of scabies. So, use the extraction of the parasite from the blind end of the travel itch with a needle and then study it under a microscope. Also used in the layer-scraping of the blind end scabies progress. Scraping continues until the blood. Another diagnostic method - by alkaline skin preparation.

If a patient complaints of itchy skin in the first place must be taken to exclude the presence of scabies.

The diagnosis is confirmed in the case of scabies moves. In order to definitively confirm the diagnosis, itch course opened with a scalpel, and then examined under a microscope.

To simplify the process of finding burrows by staining of the skin with tincture Iodine . Thereafter, a light brown background brown furrows allocated locally moves.

It is important to carry out the differential diagnosis of the disease, which manifests itself in the genital area, with syphilis . Also important is the differentiation of scabies with other illnesses, sexually transmitted and which are characterized by the manifestation of erosive and ulcerative lesions and papular character

Treatment of scabies

The main goal towards which the treatment of scabies, is the complete destruction of the pathogen. For this purpose acaricides. This medication benzyl . spregal . Sulfuric ointment   and others. Today there is a wide range of tools available in the form of ointments, solutions, creams, shampoos, aerosols.

It is important to apply all measures under the expert guidance of therapy .  All patients with scabies who live together should be treated for the disease at the same time .  .  Apply the product to be all parts of the body except the face and scalp .  But children who are under three years old, should be treated, and these places .  It is important to make sure that the drug is definitely fell under the fingernails of the patient, under which due to scratching can accumulate mite eggs .  Rub hands preparation is better, but in place, tightly covered with hair, the tool can be rubbed with a brush .  Use of the drug is more appropriate in the evening due to the activity of ticks night .  It is important that the drug remained in the skin is not less than twelve hours .  After treatment of scabies necessarily need to change all bedding and underwear .  .

It is important to conduct preventive treatment for all people living with patients with scabies.

Today, for the treatment of scabies is most commonly used benzyl . After only a thorough treatment of the patient's body with this drug killed all the active stage of the parasite. But its eggs survive. In view of this, there is a specially selected circuit using this drug.

After due scabies mites are completely withdrawn, itching of the skin, as well as some elements of the rash can occur a few weeks. The longest preserved rash of nodules. To ease data displays, sometimes the patients assigned to receive antipruritic . corticosteroid   and antihistamines   means.

In such cases, a single course of therapy to eliminate vozniknuvshey inflammation in the body.

With timely and proper treatment of scabies is completely eliminated.

Prevention of scabies

Preventive measures are defined, guided by the severity of the epidemiological situation. People who have been in contact with scabies patients, required to undergo skin treatment preparations against ticks. It is very important after treatment to carry out a very thorough treatment of sheets and other things the patient. This is done by washing and treatment of special means.

Please note that the daily hygiene with soap do not protect against infection with scabies.