Metronidazole

Description overdue on 18.12.2011

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Antimicrobial has antiprotozoal activity. It is a derivative of 5-nitroimidazole. The principle of action of the drug is based on the restoration of the 5-nitro group at the biochemical level transport, intracellular proteins protozoa and anaerobic bacteria. After recovering the 5-nitro group is reacted with DNA   microorganisms, after which there is inhibition of the production of the nucleic acids of bacteria that eventually has a detrimental effect on microorganisms. Metronidazole in combination with amoxicillin   It has pronounced activity against Helicobacter pylori . The effect is achieved by suppressing the development of resistance to amoxicillin, metronidazole. Facultative anaerobic, aerobic bacteria are resistant to the drug metronidazole. When exposed to a mixed flora in combination with other antibacterial agents affects sinnergicheski metronidazole. Metronidazole stimulates reparative processes has a significant impact disulfiramopodobnyh, increases the sensitivity of tumors to radiation. The drug is available in tablet form, as pessaries, vaginal tablets, vaginal gel, powder, solution for infusions, suspensions, lotions.

Indications:

Metronidazole is indicated for the treatment protozoal infections : trichomoniasis , Intestinal amebiasis, giardiasis, giardiasis, balantidiasis , Extra-intestinal amebiasis, Trichomonas urethritis , Trichomonas vaginitis, skin leishmaniasis . The drug is used in infectious lesions of the central nervous system, joints, bones, caused by Bacteroides spp. The drug is also effective in soft tissue infections, skin infections, an abscess of the fallopian tubes, ovarian abscess, endometritis , Endomyometritis, peritonitis , Liver abscess, infections, vaginal vault after surgery. Metronidazole prescribed for ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, gastritis (caused by Helicobacter pylori) pseudomembranous colitis , Sepsis, alcohol, radiation therapy, after Appendectomy , Okolorektalnoy field operations on the colon gynecological surgery.

Contraindications:

Metronidazole is not prescribed for epilepsy , Organic lesions of the nervous system, leukopenia, hepatic failure system, pregnancy, breastfeeding, allergies.

Side effect:

Nervous system Irritability, confusion, ataxia , Dizziness, irritability, depression , Incoordination, convulsions, insomnia, weakness, peripheral neuropathy . hallucinations , headache. Digestive system : Dyspepsia, dry mouth, metallic taste in the mouth, diarrhea, constipation . pancreatitis , Stomatitis, glossitis, intestinal colic. Genito-urinary system : Staining of urine in the brownish-red color, urinary incontinence . cystitis , Dysuria, polyuria. When administered intravenously, may develop tromboflefit   at the injection site. In some cases, there is a flattening of the T wave on the ECG, leukopenia, neutropenia . candidiasis , Allergies, arthralgia Fever, stuffy nose, hives Rash.

Mode of application:

Intravenous   It carried drip in hospital. Starting the dosage for adults is 0, 5-1 grams, the introduction of 30-40 minutes. After that, every 8 hours, poured Metronidazole rate of 5 ml per minute at a dose of 500 mg. After 3 successful bolus infusion allowed the drug. Treatment duration of 7 days. The day is allowed to enter no more than 4 mg. Maintenance dose: three times daily 400 mg. Upon irradiation: 1 hour prior to irradiation session Metronidazole is administered at a dose of 4-6 grams per square meter of body surface, or 160 mg / kg. The maximum dosage of 10 mg, 60 mg dosage of the exchange rate. Tablet form   preparation: three times a day for 0, 5 grams per week. Giardiasis : Treatment 5 days, 750 mg a day, three-time reception. Trichomoniasis in women 10 days 1 tablet twice a day, administered in parallel suppositories overnight.   Non-specific vaginitis : Twice daily 500 mg in a week. Anaerobic infections : 1-1, 5 grams per day. Pessaries   vaginally introduced as deeply as possible. Trichomonas vaginitis : Twice a day for one suppository, treatment 10 days. Non-specific vaginitis : Twice daily 1 suppository intravaginally, 7 days a course of treatment.

Special instructions:

It is necessary to warn the patient that while taking ethanol and develops drug Metronidazole disulfiramopodobnyh reaction Which is manifested by headaches, vomiting, abdominal cramps, sudden tide of blood flow to the face. Long-term use of the drug requires monitoring of blood. Upon detection of neurological symptoms should stop drug treatment. During treatment of Trichomonas urethritis in males and Trichomonas vaginitis in females is required abstinence   and simultaneous treatment for both partners. During menstruation, the treatment is sustained by the scheme. At the end of therapy protivotrihomoniaznoy held three pilot studies. After 1 month after treatment for giardiasis is necessary to analyze the stool three times. Metronidazole may cause false positive Nelson's reaction   because treponema immobilization. It is not allowed to mix non-depolarizing muscle relaxants. It is used in pediatrics. Persons under the age of 18 years is not recommended while taking amoxicillin.

Drug Interactions:

Simultaneous reception anticoagulants   increases formation time prothrombin . Formulations lithium salts may lead to intoxication by increasing the lithium concentration in the body while taking metronidazole.   Cimetidine   It increases the severity of side effects of the drug. Phenobarbital . phenytoin   and other drugs that stimulate hepatic microsomal oxidation in the system, reduce the concentration of metronidazole. Sulfa drugs   able to enhance the antimicrobial effect of metronidazole. When administered intravenously, is not allowed to mix solutions of other drugs.