Paralysis

December 1, 2011

Related Articles:

• Reviews doctors Negrustin
• Tick ​​borne encephalitis
• New remedy against paralysis
• Stone therapy: finding peace

Tweet

Paralysis   - A pathological condition in which the typical loss of the ability to move or motility disorders in a specific body part or multiple parts. Paralysis is a symptom of a number of diseases of the nervous system. If the possibility of voluntary movement is still not completely lost, then a condition called paresis . This state is not a separate disease, therefore, it does not provoke the emergence of some single factor. Motor function can be broken due to a variety of nervous system damage. Thus, the organic causes of paralysis may be varied injury . infectious diseases . intoxication . metabolic disorders . vascular lesions . eating disorders . malignancy As well as factors hereditary or congenital. Quite often, the paralysis observed in syphilis . polio . viral encephalitis . tuberculosis . meningitis . As the toxic causes of paralysis can act beriberi   (shortage Vitamin B1 ) pellagra   (shortage of nicotinic acid) poisoning of the body with heavy metals . Movement disorders is often a congenital, hereditary, degenerative diseases of the central nervous system. So, cerebral palsy often arises as a consequence of birth trauma . Motility disorders are manifested in a number of diseases of unknown etiology. Paralysis is also seen as a consequence of psychogenic changes, in this case, is the effective assistance of a psychiatrist.

In view of such a wide range of reasons for which manifested paralysis, pathological changes in a given state are very diverse in nature and localization. Thus, when there is paralysis degeneration . destruction . inflammatory processes . the formation of foci . sclerosis . demyelination of nerve tissue . To distinguish paralysis as a result of damage to the central nervous system and paralysis, arising from the destruction of the peripheral nerves. The first group of paralysis, respectively, divided into paralysis cerebral   (their origin - subcortical . cortical . Capsular . bulbar ) And spinal (causes - diseases that provoke failure in the functioning of the central and peripheral motor neurons). The reasons are flaccid paralysis plexus injury . nerve roots . nerves . muscle .

Symptoms of paralysis

With the defeat of the central and peripheral neurons there are different symptoms. Spastic paralysis   - The result of damage to the central motor neuron, flaccid paralysis   - A consequence of peripheral neurons. When psychogenic paralysis manifest features of one or the other of the above type of paralysis. When the central paralysis manifest touch   and trophic   disorders, vascular tone changes. Generally, problems of motor function in general. Muscles staying paralyzed, severely strained, but they do not atrophy. The limbs paralysis stored either enhanced tendon reflexes, sometimes manifested rapid spastic contraction, called clonus . Abdominal reflexes are low or absent. If paralyzed lower limbs, it is a sign of brain damage Babinski , Which is characterized by dorsiflexion of the thumb after the deliberate stimulation of the outer edge of the sole. When flaccid paralysis disturbed sensitivity. Muscle tone at the same time decreases, there is loss of individual muscles that atrophy and degenerate. The limbs are paralyzed, there is no deep reflexes or are very low, it does not appear clonuses. Present abdominal reflexes, no Babinski reflex.

Cerebral palsy

Cerebral palsy   - A condition which is characterized by a violation of the motor function and which occur at an early age, sometimes even before birth. Typically, symptoms occur in a child with cerebral palsy during his first year of life. Violations of the propulsion system are a consequence of disorders of the brain. This brain damage can be varied and remain throughout life. The most common cases of cerebral palsy have been reported in infants who have a very low weight and premature infants.

To date, determined by a number of causes of cerebral palsy. So, cerebral palsy may develop even in the course of pregnancy in the presence of pathological conditions in the expectant mother. The risk factor becomes miscarriage Because in the process of childbirth increases the possibility of bleeding   in the brain, which may be a consequence of cerebral palsy. Premature babies often have some problems with breathing, which leads to insufficient production of the brain of oxygen. The consequence of such a breach is also sometimes become cerebral palsy. At the same brain activity of premature babies is often weak, which is associated with abnormalities in the white matter of the brain. This white matter is responsible for the proper transmission of signals between the brain and other parts of the body.

Cerebral Palsy can trigger brain injury, disorders of genetic nature, bleeding in the brain. As a common cause of cerebral palsy is defined by a lack of oxygen in the brain. If the paralysis is a consequence of suffocation during birth the baby, then in that case there is a serious form encephalopathy . For this condition characterized by seizures, the condition of irritability, trouble breathing and nutrition, coma   and lethargy . Violations of brain activity may occur in the process of a difficult birth. They sometimes become a consequence of cerebral palsy. But after a few years of life the symptoms of cerebral palsy as a result of a difficult birth, virtually do not appear. Also, cerebral palsy is caused by brain damage caused by abuse. However, to establish the exact cause of symptoms of the disease are usually very difficult. The main methods of diagnosis of cerebral palsy are computed tomography and investigation by magnetic resonance imaging. Such disorders not progress, but there lifetime.

The forms of cerebral palsy

Among the most severe forms of the disease - double hemiplegia (tetraplegia) . With this form of motor function disorders are expressed in both the upper and lower extremities. The patients are very difficult to sit, stand and walk, they can not. In this form of cerebral palsy deformed limbs and torso. Most of these children (90%) have a lower intelligence, in 50-75% of children have the secondary microcephaly. In this form of the disease prognosis poor movement skills acquisition. Such children can not adapt socially, learn to take care of themselves on their own at home.

With hyperkinetic form Cerebral Palsy appear hyperkinesis . muscle dystonia . Patients can not properly install the limbs, body, coordinate voluntary movements. Standing and walking are the children learn too late, and only if, the smaller lesions legs than the torso and arms. However, they are well-controlled head and reaction equilibrium. Movement disorders accompanied by other problems - hearing loss . paresis of upward gaze . pseudobulbar disorders . In children, it is broken. If moderate disorder of motor function, the patients subject to the availability of good intelligence can finish education.

With atonic-astatic form   the disease the patient is not able to keep the upright posture. Sit, stand, walk, learn to control the patient's head is very late. Sitting just trying to closer to two years, to stand and walk - at the age of 4-8 years. However, about 90% of children with this form of cerebral palsy have reduced intelligence, which is combined with aggressiveness, negativism, low emotionality.

With hemiplegic form   affected limb with one hand, and the hand is affected more. After some time setting the limbs and trunk formed pathological. In such patients have pain disorders, tactile, temperature sensitivity. About 40% of children with this form of cerebral palsy have varying degrees of mental retardation. Most of these patients can walk independently, so their social adaptation depends primarily on the level of intelligence.

With atactic form   disease there is a violation of balance and coordination. These children begin to walk around the age of three. However, when walking there dysmetria, dyssynergia, tremor, unsteadiness. There decreased muscle tone. There may be a delay of speech and mental development. Such children are taught in institutions. It is also often found mixed form of cerebral palsy, which is usually formed in the older age period.

Treatment of cerebral palsy is to continuously conduct training exercise therapy, the use of which reduce muscle tone. Also, a complex of massage. Also, such patients are assigned procedures that prevent the progression of stiffness in the joints of the limbs affected by cerebral palsy. This mineral wax, paraffin baths. Patients assigned to receive drugs that stimulate microcirculation and provide nutrition of nervous tissue.

Sleep paralysis

Sleep paralysis   - A phenomenon in which the patient is aware of his own inability to move. Such phenomena can occur at a time when a person is asleep or awake. Being able to sleep paralysis, the person loses the ability to speak or move for a few seconds or even minutes. Some patients may feel suffocation   or pressure. Sleep paralysis can also manifest as a symptom of other sleep disorders. Such paralysis that occurs during sleep is called hypnagogic   or semiconscious During awakening - hypnopompic . Sleep paralysis periodically manifested in four out of ten people, especially frequent sleep paralysis seen in adolescents. This phenomenon can be hereditary. Besides provoking the occurrence of sleep paralysis may be lack of sleep or a change in his regime, stress or other mental disorders, sleep in the supine position, taking certain medications and drugs.

If the person after waking up periodically discovers that he is in a state of paralysis, continuing a certain time, it is recurrent sleep paralysis. As a rule, this state does not require special treatment. However, consult with a specialist is required, if such a condition disrupts sleep or symptoms very disturbed person, causing a constant state of fatigue.

During the survey specialist, first of all, it is guided by a detailed survey of the patient, to learn more about sleep disorders. To eliminate these symptoms your doctor may recommend to improve sleep habits, be treated with antidepressants, take treatment of mental disorders that provoke sleep paralysis.