Neurodermatitis

November 19, 2011

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Neurodermatitis   It is a hereditary disease. Its main symptoms - a limited or diffuse itchy skin And changes of the skin. The skin becomes thicker, increasing the furrow, which is why the relief becomes more pronounced. As a result, the skin surface appeared peculiar polygonal or rhomboidal patterns.

Hereditary predisposition to the disease confirmed neurodermatitis in close relatives. Very often this disease appears in childhood and is manifested throughout life. The most difficult period of the disease is observed during menopause . Older people neurodermatitis manifested extensive itching of the skin, which later spread to a wide area of ​​skin.

The emergence of neurodermatitis often triggers poor nutrition, metabolic disorders, intoxication Serious disorders of the nervous and hormonal systems. The disease can greatly aggravate the dysbiosis Which occurs due to the reception of a number of drugs - antibiotics . hormones . Also negatively affected during the neurodermatitis foci of chronic infection, allergic diseases, helminthiasis .

Types and symptoms of neurodermatitis

Experts identify two types of neurodermatitis - limited   and diffuse . Limited neurodermatitis begins with the appearance itching . This itching can greatly disturb the patient and achieve a very high intensity. The itching affects sleep, deprives a person of peace and, consequently, leads him to a state of nervous irritation and disturbs the equilibrium of the mental state. Later, there are other symptoms of neurodermatitis. In areas of the skin surface, where itching appears later appear papules . erythema . excoriation   and lihenifikatsiya   Lihenifikatsiya called the change of the skin, when the skin becomes thicker and appear on the surface noticeable furrows that form drawing .  Also on the skin appear hemispherical papules, the size of which is about poppy seeds .  This skin is not particularly different from the color of healthy skin .  But over time, the color becomes grayish, pale pink or brownish .  Papules different density, they are smooth and dry to the touch .  They can also be covered with small scales .  In the center of neurodermatitis skin lesions observed different-sized circular plaque whose boundaries merge with normal skin cover .  They are slightly above the skin is lifted and have a yellowish or grayish-red color, they are dry to the touch and rough .  If the patient is too much brushing the skin, then these places appear excoriations with brownish-black crust .  In the middle area there are only appearing papules, and in the peripheral area of ​​the skin is characterized by a high level of pigmentation .  The skin is thicker on it rarely pigmented, dry, slightly thickened skin, which is rarely observed isolated papules .  Most often limited neurodermatitis manifests itself on the skin of the neck, in the elbow and popliteal fossa on the inner thighs, on the external genitals and perineum .  For lesions, usually characterized by symmetrical arrangement, they are both single and multiple .  Symptoms of neurodermatitis sometimes become less pronounced, there are periodic time remission Then exacerbations occur repeatedly. In this case, the affected area becomes larger. The disease is more prevalent in women.

To atopica   characterized by the same symptoms of neurodermatitis early in the disease, as well as for limited . First seen itchy, then appear on the skin erythematous . urticaria   and papular lesions , The skin becomes thicker.

Over time, the affected skin becomes hyperpigmented , Hard and dense; thereon manifest grooves, both longitudinal and transverse. If the skin appears expressed lihenifikatsiya, the boundaries of some papules difficult to discern, but the characteristic of their location near the main focus groups. This saves them round or polygonal shape. At the beginning of the disease atopic dermatitis is located in the same place and limited. But in the course of disease progression defeat extends to a healthy skin area nearby. The area of ​​destruction is becoming a lot more. Typically, dermal starts with the face, and then apply this type neurodermatitis further.

Complications neurodermatitis

As complications atopica possible manifestation of secondary infection due to constant rubbing of the skin in the affected areas.

The most frequent complications of this type of neurodermatitis are bacterial infections. The most common causative agent is Staphylococcus aureus . It is also possible manifestation of a chronic infection, provoked strains   Staphylococcus aureus with metitsillinoustoychivostyu .

Patients manifest neurodermatitis viral infection. So, herpetic eczema sarcoma   provokes simplex virus Herpes . This disease is characterized by the appearance vesicle   and pustules   on the skin, where there is defeat neurodermatitis. Also, due to the impact molluscum contagiosum virus   papules may appear dense white shade.

Often, as a complication of the disease may appear Warts Simple and plantar.
In the affected area of ​​the skin of patients can be localized fungal infection . Most often it appears in the folds of skin and feet.

As a complication in approximately fifty percent of cases occur cataract More rarely seen keratoconus .

Diagnostics of neurodermatitis

As a rule, setting the diagnosis of the specialists do not cause difficulties. The doctor is guided by typical symptoms and a picture of the disease, history As well as exploring the data of immunological and biochemical studies, paying particular attention to eosinophilia   and lymphocytosis   in the peripheral blood.

Treatment of neurodermatitis

For the treatment of this disease it is first necessary to restore physiological regulation of skin and activate the operation of the adrenal glands. The second important point: to restore the physiological unconditioned reflex Responsible for the balance of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, which existed before the illness. This, in turn, contributes to the physiological neuroregulation skin affected by neurodermatitis.

After normalization of these factors neurodermatitis stops. However, in the treatment of neurodermatitis affected areas of skin have not restored. Practice shows that most effectively treat atopic dermatitis in patients who as soon as possible to seek medical help.

The most important feature of the right treatment observed decrease of pruritus, the gradual disappearance rash   and inflammation . However, secondary scarring on the skin can not be restored.

The range of therapeutic measures are usually part of a diet, adherence to a particular mode of treatment in hospital, receiving antihistamines Holding hormone therapy And in some severe cases, appointed by physiotherapy. Treatment of neurodermatitis involves the use of topical creams and ointments, acting as the antipruritic, absorbable and exfoliating agents.

Patients were excluded from the diet of a number of products containing a variety of food additives. You also can not use the broth, fried food, spicy, salty, smoked, canned, fish, eggs, liver, coffee, citrus fruits, honey and chocolate.

The diet should include a variety of cereal grains, dairy products, cooked vegetables and meat.
It is important every day to do wet cleaning in the room where the patient resides. It is desirable that the room had no carpet to avoid sensitization to house dust mites. It is also important to wear comfortable and loose clothing, it is desirable not to wear things made of wool and synthetic fabrics.

It is important to conduct a correct way of life, avoiding reexhaustions , Lack of sleep, stress. Water treatment should be limited in order to avoid dry skin inflammation after contact with water. At the same time a positive impact on the patient's condition bath with needles, starch, bran.

To reduce neurotic reactions, used sedatives and psychotropic drugs. It is also possible to use tranquilizers   and Antidepressants . It is also used for the treatment of neurodermatitis phototherapy.

Prevention neurodermatitis

For those who have a clear predisposition to the disease at the genetic line, it is possible to avoid the appearance of, if strictly follow the recommendations for the adoption of preventive measures. Thus, the most important factor considered prevent neuro-emotional stress . To do this, do meditation, yoga, or use other techniques. An important factor is the limited contact with the allergens   of all kinds. This applies to food, provocative allergic reactions . It should be used in body care products only soft and hypo-allergenic cosmetics, to protect the skin from frostbite and burns. It is also important to treat in a timely manner diathesis   and children's eczema .