Children's toothpaste not save teeth

What children need toothpaste? Protect your child's teeth from breaking the usual children's toothpaste can not, as scientists have found. Parents need to buy toothpaste with high fluoride content, or have children early enough to get acquainted with a drill.
British researchers from the Cochrane Oral Health Group at the University of Manchester found that the current Children's toothpaste , in which fluorine content   less than 1000 ppm (less than 0, 1% of fluoride ions) so effectively "protect" children's teeth from decay, like toothpaste without fluoride.

Previously, these same researchers in the study found that fluoride toothpaste   reduce the risk of tooth decay by 24%. However, they can not apply to all children. In the course of 79 clinical trials, affecting 73,000 children around the world, scientists have found that brushing your teeth toothpaste with fluoride   harmful to children younger than a year - they have increased the risk of a moderate form fluorosis (a disease which is caused by a high content of fluorine, characterized by the appearance of spots on the teeth). In today sold Children's toothpaste fluoride content   from 100 to 1400 ppm.

Well, what is fraught with swallowing toothpaste, which is sometimes so kids like to do? In large doses, swallowing toothpaste can also cause fluorosis   children under six years old, who have not yet lost all the baby teeth.

"Parents quite difficult to choose the right baby toothpaste - Says one of the authors of the study, Dr. Anne-Marie Glenny. - This is due to the fact that different manufacturers have different fluorine concentrations. And then there's need to deal with the dilemma: either to keep kids teeth from destruction and give them high doses of fluoride, or protect them from fluorosis. From the standpoint of a physician, tooth decay   and the pain caused by this process is much more dangerous than some not very high risk fluorosis ".

Healthy Child

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The stress of ordinary life is higher than in the war!

Who is more prone to stress - soldiers or civilians? The findings surprised many experts.

Psychologists have established that the service of soldiers in hot spots less stressful than the work of rescue services personnel, doctors of "first aid" and law enforcement officials. British experts have organized and conducted a large-scale study. They found that only one of five soldiers who served in Iraq in January-February 2009, showed symptoms psychological stress . So-called, PTSD   detected in 4 percent of the soldiers and officers. Moreover, physicians and psychologists have noted that symptoms of anxiety and stress disorders show, mostly women and junior ranks. As they themselves admit, they stress is the fear of being killed.

With regard to representatives of civil specialties, they are much more likely found elevated levels of stress, as well as PTSD . For example, employees of emergency services in the UK to handle stress tests show a better result in the psychological stress Than soldiers.

Experts made known assumption about the reasons for such a situation. According to them, this is due to the regular preparation for dealing with stress, held in army units. A significant role is played here, and an elaborate system of soldiers rest at the weekend.

Psychology

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Stress is contagious

That is the conclusion drawn by researchers from the University of Hawaii. Problems at work and at home directly affect the psyche and the nervous system.

And stress, like yawning, is able to instantaneously transfer a similar infection, especially those with weakened immune systems.

Moreover, the fairer sex is strongly influenced by other people's stress, which is transmitted from the inner circle, as more emotional and sensitive to other people's troubles.

The root of the problem lies in the fact that, often experiencing negative emotions, people lose the ability to resist extraneous factors and perceived stress as a stranger.

Negative emotions can cause death

Stress is transferred through the placenta and is ruining the future of boys

Stress affects weight

Stress has more on women

Other news

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Heart failure comes with insomnia

Insomnia and lack of sleep are three times increased risk of developing life-threatening heart failure. That is the conclusion drawn by researchers from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim.

Insomnia threatens us not only an unpleasant state of sleepiness at work, slow reaction and depression. It significantly increases the risk of becoming a victim Heart Failure . Italian scientists have found that if a person sleeps at night is bad, little or almost no sleep, the risk of developing heart failure, he grows up to three times.

These conclusions were based on observations of 54 279 volunteers aged 20 to 89 years, which lasted 11 years. Sleep disorders were determined by such key indicators as the frequency of interruptions of sleep during the night, trouble falling asleep, and the feeling of "weakness" in the morning. People who suffered from the symptoms of all three at once, there was three times higher risk of becoming victims Heart Failure   compared with those who did not have any of these problems.

The researchers stress that they have not proved that it causes insomnia is acute heart failure. But the link between these two phenomena are definitely there. heart failure develops in progressive weakness of the heart, which is unable to pump the amount of blood needed for normal body function. The illness causes breathing problems, rapid fatigue, palpitations, swelling of the ankles, and in advanced cases of serious complications, including death. (READ MORE)

Treatment and prevention

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Exhaust gases spoil the character

Children of mothers who during pregnancy were often exposed to the exhaust gases, then behave worse than others in the school of their peers. That is the conclusion reached by researchers at Columbia University.

According to American scientists, a high level of contact during pregnancy with exhaust Being the most common type of air pollution significantly increases the risk of developing anxiety, depression and problems with care for their children under the age of six or seven years. The researchers followed the effects of exposure of pregnant women to pollution arising from the combustion engine car gasoline and diesel fuel.

The study involved 253 non-smoking women who are pregnant often faced exhaust   (lived not far from the road, working in hazardous enterprises, etc.). The higher is the level of contact, so often in these mothers the children grow up with behavioral problems. However, the researchers did not prove a direct link between car exhaust and bad behavior of children.

"The findings inspire a cause for concern - the head of a group of scientists Dr. Frederica Perera. - Problems with attention, anxiety and depression in children negatively affect their relationships and academic performance. We could not prove a direct link between the exhaust and the child's behavior. But our research suggests that the likelihood of behavioral problems in children whose mothers often breathe exhaust gases is much higher. "

Healthy Child

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Winter Festival of orchids will open the New Year

Tropical paradise located in the Botanical Garden of Moscow State University "Apothecary Garden» c 24 December 2011 to 18 March 2012. This is the third exhibition in the Palm House after its reconstruction.

Guests Orchid Festival   will be able to see not only orchids, but also hundreds of other flowering and decorative foliage plants. From curiosities will be presented the fruits of cocoa, coffee, pineapple, pepper, avocado.

For young spectators Winter Orchid Festival   a collection of carnivorous plants: Venus flycatchers, rosyanok, kuvshinochnikov and other "predators" of the vegetable kingdom. These plants demonstrate the sophisticated tools to catch and digest small insects and sometimes rodents. However, feeding them it is prohibited in winter the plants need a special diet.

But, of course, the center of attention - luxury Orchid   - The largest family of the plant kingdom. The lion's share of the variety of colors inhabit the tropics, where every year botany open 100-200 new species. The flowers of some plants reflect reflection of light, the other - sometimes the most unexpected exude scents (incense, dust, naphthalene, etc.). Some Orchid   smell all the time, others begin to emit a fragrant aroma only at nightfall. And now all of their mysterious charm will be felt not in the distant journey, and in Moscow.

Leisure & SPA

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Better to cut the umbilical cord later

Swedish researchers found that the delay in cutting the umbilical cord of a newborn can go in his favor. It reduces the risk of subsequent development of iron deficiency in the body of the baby.

Recently, in many western hospitals young mothers have been asking midwives to postpone cutting of the umbilical cord   in newborns, to allow more blood to pass through the placenta to the baby. It started after some media published articles about the benefits of this approach. Researchers at the Swedish Hospital of Holland in Halmstad convinced that it is not only safe, but also beneficial to the child's health, and therefore should go into wide medical practice.

During observations, researchers have detained 400 newborns cutting the cord   more than three minutes, or cut it within 10 seconds after birth. Four months later, all the children was measured by the level of iron in the body. The children of the first group had the highest levels of iron, and its deficiency had less than 1% of children. Children in the second group, which cut the umbilical cord immediately, iron deficiency   there was 6%.

" Iron deficiency   even without anemia associated with impaired development of infants, - says one of the authors of the study, Dr. Ola Andersson. - Our results suggest that the delay in cutting the umbilical cord is good for the babies, even living in areas where iron deficiency is rare. Therefore, the practice, in our opinion, should be introduced as standard in labor after an uncomplicated pregnancy. "

Healthy Child

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It named the most unscrupulous nation

UK residents are changing bed linen once every three weeks. A 16% delay with a change of linen more than a month.

As shown by opinion poll, Britons are the least hygienic residents of Western Europe. If the Danes and the French change clothes once a week, the people of Albion sent sheets, duvet covers and pillowcases to wash once every three weeks. At the same time every sixth Briton to decide change of bed linen   It requires more than a month.

Only less than half of the respondents in the morning clean your bed. Among men, those in general a little more than 30%, so that the stronger sex can be called the most lazy. Perhaps these shocking figures may explain why 75% of adults in the country suffer from various sleep disorders or lack of it. After all, experts are convinced that clean bedding and bedroom - the basis of a full night's rest.

Only 19% of respondents sleep 8 hours a day. Curiously, the average duration change of bed linen   It is only 10, 5 minutes, but 10% of British adults have never themselves do not bother it, shifting care to loved ones. 22% of women admitted that they have laid out for his bed more money than couch.

But what do the British in bed besides sleep and sex? Men often climb on the internet using a laptop, and 7% check your account on Facebook or Twitter right before bedtime. 27% of women read a book before going to bed. 11% of respondents admitted that they broke up with their partners because of their behavior in bed (snoring, sudden movements during sleep, the tendency for a long time not to turn off the light, smoking, etc.).

Finally, 40% of respondents said that at least once a week does not sleep in his bed. They either spend the night with friends or relatives, or on a sofa, or a partner. Among other answers the night in a hotel or even spending the night at work.

Industry News

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Wipe your hands with paper towels helpful

Paper towels are a much more effective way to wipe his hands than traditional dryers installed in a variety of public toilets. The researchers found that towels hygienic and healthy.

wipe his hands

The famous English scientist biochemist Kanray Juan decided to find out, as a way wipe his hands   It is most beneficial to health and the most effective. For this, he studied the results of 12 different studies related to this topic. In the end, paper towels, won a landslide victory over drying. It turned out that they are not only faster drying hands, but are also more hygienic.

The benefits of hand washing is known to all from childhood, but many of us do not know that this use is largely devalued, if not wipe his hands   correctly. The fact that in a wet or damp hands transferred bacteria is considerably stronger than a dry hand. And in this issue are the paper towels on top.

It is proved that after 10 seconds of their use of human hands are dry to 96%, and 15 seconds - 99%. To achieve the same effect by using a hair dryer to spend at least 45 seconds. This number is very important because people do not like to spend a lot of time wiping hands. And throw drying, failing to complete the process, that is, out of the bathroom with wet hands.

On average, men are willing to spend for drying hands 17 seconds, a woman of 13, 3, which is totally inadequate to the hands are completely dry. Paper towels are good for the fact that they are washed from the surface of the hands of a greater number of microbes. (READ MORE)

Treatment and prevention

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Methotrexate

Description overdue on 05/29/2014

• Latin name: Methotrexate-Ebewe
• ATC code: L01BA01
• Active substance: Methotrexate (Methotrexate)
• Manufacturer: Ebewe Pharma, Austria

Photos of the drug

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• Composition
• Product form
• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
• Indications
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Instructions for use of methotrexate (method and dosage)
• Overdose
• Cooperation
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Cautions
• Analogs
• Babies
• With alcohol
• During pregnancy (and lactation)
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

Composition

AT solution   contains Methotrexate   in an amount of 10 mg in 1 ml, in Injection Concentrate   100 mg per 1 ml; Additional components: sodium hydroxide, water for injection, sodium chloride.

Pills   contains   Methotrexate   in an amount of 2, 5 mg; 5 and 10 mg; in the form of additional materials - cellulose, corn starch, silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, lactose monohydrate.

Product form

Pills   vials: 2, 5; 5 and 10 mg.

The ampules and vials of 1, 5 and 10 ml.

Concentrate   Patients in the 5, 10 and 50 ml.

Pharmacological action

The group of antimetabolites which analogue is folic acid . It shows an antitumor effect, and further has an immunosuppressive effect.

The drug slows down the repair of DNA and its synthesis, inhibits mitosis cells. By exposure methotrexate most sensitive fabric having a high proliferation ability: tumor tissue, fetal cells, bone marrow, mucosal epithelium.

When cell proliferation of malignant tissues, which normally advances per se, leads to Methotrexate dysplasia malignancies   without harming healthy tissue.

In therapy rheumatoid arthritis   effect presumably related to the mechanism of immunosuppression. Methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis to reduce inflammation and the resulting symptoms - swelling, pain, stiffness.

When treating psoriasis   Methotrexate acts on keratinocytes plaques, which increased the rate of growth compared to the normal skin cell proliferation.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

The maximum concentration of methotrexate in the blood occurs within 30-60 minutes. In patients with leukemia may be fluctuations up to 3 hours.

The plasma is bound to albumin. In simultaneous reception with salicylates, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, phenytoin can be a competitive replacement.

Methotrexate blood-brain barrier does not penetrate, for that it should be administered intrathecally.

The half-life of about 6-7 hours methotrexate in the case of high dose - is increased to 17 hours.
It writes mainly (90%) by the kidneys during the day. About 10% is excreted in the bile.

In the case of severe renal impairment is prolonged excretion.

Methotrexate may accumulate in the liver, kidney and spleen in the form of metabolic products.

Indications

• trophoblastic tumor;
• neuroleukemia ;
• non-Hodgkin lymphoma , Including lymphosarcoma ;
• sharp leukemia   (myeloid and lymphocytic);
• osteogenic sarcoma   and soft tissues;
• skin cancer Cancer, lung mammary cancer , Squamous cancer, reproductive organs (male and female), bladder cancer, esophageal cancer, kidney cancer, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma;
• severe stage of mushroom mycosis . psoriasis ;
• arthritis   psoriatic and rheumatoid, systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, ankylosing spondylitis .

Contraindications

• severe kidney damage and liver;
• alcoholism ;
• severe infectious diseases ( tuberculosis . HIV infection );
• pathology of the hematopoietic system in history;
• vaccination with live vaccines;
• GI ulcers and oral history;
• taking high doses of acetylsalicylic acid;
• breastfeeding and pregnancy ;
• idiosyncrasy.

Methotrexate is administered cautiously in patients with lesions of the kidneys and liver, obesity , Inhibition of bone marrow hematopoiesis, diabetes , Use of pre-treatment of hepatotoxic drugs, infectious diseases of bacterial, viral, fungal origin, ascites, peritoneal and pleural effusion, dehydration, herpes zoster, previous contact with the patient herpes simplex, with Measles . varicella . strongiloidoze . amebiasis ; in the presence of gout   or urate nefrourolitiaza , Infections and inflammations of the mouth, ulcerative colitis, ulcers, vomiting, diarrhea, gastrointestinal tract obstruction, aciduria . asthenia , Chemotherapy or radiotherapy prior to treatment, elderly patients and children.

Side effects of methotrexate

Hematopoietic system: anemia . thrombocytopenia . leukopenia . pancytopenia ; very rarely - severe impairment of bone marrow function; megaloblastic anemia .

Central nervous system: fatigue, drowsiness, mood changes, headache, depression . insomnia , Confusion; rarely - cognitive impairment, paresthesia and pain in the limbs, metal taste in the mouth, paralysis and seizures, symptoms meningism .

Bodies of irritation, conjunctivitis .

Respiratory system: pneumonitis   (symptoms are cough, dry, short of breath, fever), pleural effusion, alveolitis ; rarely - bronchial asthma   or fibrotic lung disease , Thickening of the pleural sheets, pulmonary edema.

Digestive system: nausea, inflammation and ulceration of the mouth, stomatitis . dyspepsia . vomiting . anorexia , Increased transaminases, diarrhea, fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver . steatosis .

The urinary system: inflammation and ulceration of the bladder, a violation of urination and renal function, oliguria and anuria, electrolyte imbalance.

Skin: itching, erythema . alopecia , Photosensitivity, vasculitis , Shingles, rash herpetiformis; rarely - epidermal necrolysis . Under the influence of ultraviolet radiation may increase pigmentation of nails, furunculosis . hydradenitis , Acute paronychia .

Musculoskeletal system: pain in the muscles and joints, osteoporosis .

Heart and vascular system: bleeding, vasculitis, pericardial effusion in the cavity; rarely - cardiac tamponade.

The immune system: pharyngitis , Low immunity; rarely - sepsis Increasing the number of rheumatoid nodules, anaphylactic reactions.

Reproductive system: inflammation and ulceration of the vagina; rarely - impotence , Menstrual disorders, vaginal discharge, decreased desire.

Other side effects that may occur: fever , Malaise, fever, rarely - bad zazhivlyaemost wounds. In the case of intramuscular administration can be tissue damage at the injection site ( abscess . destruction ) cyst and Polyps . lymphoma . With unknown frequency may experience metabolic disorders, diabetes.

In the case of intrathecal methotrexate may occur acutely arachnoiditis   (headache, stiff neck, fever ). In the future, there may be paresis and plegia , Violation of cerebellar functions. Chronic reactions to the intrathecal administration may be leukoencephalopathy manifested confusion, convulsions, dementia, coma, rarely - death.

Instructions for use of methotrexate (method and dosage)

Perhaps the introduction of methotrexate - Ebewe intramuscularly, intraarterially, intravenously or intrathecally. Pills   do not chew, reception before the meal.

Instructions on Methotrexate warns that the selection of dose and treatment regimens at each specific disease should be carried out strictly in accordance with the special literature.

When trophoblastic disease   administered daily to 30 mg intramuscular injection rate is 5 days. Courses repeated after 1 week, until you reach the dose of 400 mg.

Lymphomas   and leukemia   involve intravenous administration at 200-500 mg per 1 m2 once a month.

Neuroleukemia : Intrathecally administered 1 - 2 times a day, 7 days a dose of 12 mg per m2.

Children appoint the following doses:

• under 1 year to 6 mg;
• age 1 year - 8 mg;
• up to 2 years of use 10 mg;
• older than 3 years are administered 12 mg.

Methotrexate at rheumatoid arthritis   administered from the dose 7. 5 mg, 1 time per week. By indications dose increased, but no more than 20 mg per week.

With psoriasis   administered dose to 25 mg per week, intramuscularly or intravenously.

With mushroom avium   50 mg administered once a week or 2 doses intramuscularly.

Overdose

The main symptoms of overdose are signs of oppression of the hematopoietic system. An antidote is a calcium folinate Which is introduced not later than 60 minutes, but the dosage should be equal to or higher doses of methotrexate. In severe cases, use of urine alkalization and hydration.

In case of excess doses of intrathecal, along with the introduction of an antidote, provide rapid drainage of cerebrospinal fluid.

Cooperation

When alcohol abuse and taking hepatotoxic agents increases the toxic effects of methotrexate on the liver.

Simultaneous treatment with leflunamidom upconverts pancytopenia and cases hepatotoxicity .

Chloramphenicol . tetracycline   when administered orally reduce the absorption of methotrexate.

Ciprofloxacin . glycopeptides . penicillins , Loop diuretics . phenylbutazone reduced renal clearance of the drug, which increases its concentration in blood and increases the toxicity of hematopoiesis.

Also, the toxicity of methotrexate is increased by simultaneous use of salicylates and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Chloramphenicol . sulfonamides . pyrimethamine have a negative effect on the bone marrow, so the combined reception with methotrexate worsens haematological disorders.

Trimethoprim   and sulfamethoxazole Which cause folate deficiency, as well as lipid-lowering agents and indirect anticoagulants may increase the toxicity of methotrexate.

Should be avoided in the treatment of high consumption of coffee, tea and sugary drinks with caffeine because it can decrease theophylline clearance .

At simultaneous reception with cytostatics decreased clearance of methotrexate.

Combination with radiotherapy   It increases the chance of tissue necrosis.

Methotrexate inhibits the immune response to vaccination And in case of administration of live vaccines probable severe reactions antigenic character.

Receiving Amiodarone   It contributes to the appearance of skin ulcers.

When administered acyclovir   and the simultaneous use of intrathecal methotrexate increased risk of neurological lesions.

Terms of sale

Prescription.

Storage conditions

The preparation is stored, keeping the temperature regime of 15-25 ° C, in a closed and dark place away from children.

Shelf life

3 years.

Cautions

The drug is prescribed only oncologist with experience Chemotherapy .

The patient must be advised of the risk of developing severe adverse reactions in the form of toxic lesions, which can lead to death.

In the case of a patient of the liquid in the cavities (pleural and peritoneal) is necessary before the treatment liquid is removed.

If symptoms stomatitis Indicating toxic shock syndrome, it is necessary to temporarily discontinue treatment with methotrexate, since the risk of ulceration and perforation of the intestine.

Before initiation of therapy requires careful study of laboratory blood parameters (detailed clinical and biochemical analysis), kidney function tests, X-rays of the chest cavity.

When methotrexate patient be kept under medical supervision for the early detection of complications.

During treatment the patient is carried out monthly surveys, which include:

• oral examination;
• full blood count;
• liver function tests;
• urine and renal function;
• the study of the respiratory system.

1 week before surgery methotrexate therapy should be canceled and re-assign 2 weeks.

The drug increases the risk of cancer lymphomas Including when taken in low doses.

Prior to treatment to exclude pregnancy.

Patients of reproductive age must be notified about the negative effects of methotrexate on the reproductive system and to recommend the use of contraception during treatment.

Intrathecal methotrexate possible complications, life-threatening, so at the first sign of side effects require removal of the drug.

The drug should not be mixed with other substances in one bottle.

In the case of contact with skin or mucous membranes must be washed off immediately with water.

At the time of treatment need to be careful when playing in which you need attention and quick reactions.

Analogs Methotrexate

Match code ATC 4th level:

• Metodzhekt
• Vero Methotrexate

The main counterparts: Vero Methotrexate . Methotrexate Teva . Metodzhekt . Metotab .

Which is better: Methotrexate or Metodzhekt?

When compared with the conventional methotrexate Metodzhekt some call it more effective, but if Methotrexate Ebewe Austria - Austrian drug is characterized by a good effect and purity, ie with fewer side effects. For the price of drugs are virtually identical.

Babies

Apply with caution.

With alcohol

Alcohol can aggravate the hepatotoxic effects of methotrexate, so use during treatment is contraindicated.

During pregnancy and lactation

Methotrexate has fetotoxic effects (causing malformations of the fetus), use during pregnancy is contraindicated.

The drug passes into breast milk in dangerous concentrations. In this connection, in the treatment of breast-feeding period is terminated.

Reviews of methotrexate

There are multiple reviews of the preparation. Almost all of the reviews at ectopic pregnancy talk about the side effects such as severe nausea, abdominal pain, sore liver. There must be sufficient monitoring of the effectiveness of getting rid of ectopic pregnancy human chorionic gonadotropin .

Reviews at psoriasis   most of them are not very good, many people prefer to do without methotrexate. Patients report that the aggravation of the drug greatly facilitates the state, but with the abolition of degradation occurs. There are references to cases toxic hepatitis .

Reviews at rheumatoid arthritis   about the effect of mostly positive. Mark on the drug-resistant remission, but at the same time and frequent side effects such as nausea. The advantage is that the cancellation condition does not deteriorate. It is important to observe the gradual increase in dosage at the start of therapy. There are also individual reviews of the low effectiveness of the drug.

Price methotrexate, where to buy

Buy Methotrexate Ebewe Austria in Moscow can be the average for 1141 rubles. in ampoules. Price tablets
It is about 415 rubles. 50 Tab. dose of 5 mg and 480 rubles. 10 mg.

Where to buy pills   in Moscow? You can buy it in pharmacies at a price from 82 to 195 rubles. depending on the dose.

The price of the drug in Ukraine is dependent on the size and number in the package and varies from 445 UAH. up to 814 UAH.

Where to buy Austrian Methotrexate in Rostov - on - Don? It has the opportunity to buy in pharmacies at an average price of 1205 rubles.

Buy in St. Petersburg, you can at a price of 106 to 269 rubles. for 1 ampoule or vial.

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Lornoxicam

Description overdue on 09/16/2014

• Latin name: Lornoxicam
• ATC code: M01AC05
• Active substance: Lornoxicam (Lornoxicam)
• Manufacturer: Nycomed Austria (Austria)

Photos of the drug

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• Composition
• Product form
• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
• Indications
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Instructions for use of lornoxicam (method and dosage)
• Overdose
• Cooperation
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Analogs
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

Composition

The main ingredient of the drug - lornoxicam .

Synonyms lornoxicam - Ksefokam   and Rapid Ksefokam - Tablets contain adjuvants such as lactose, magnesium stearate, cellulose, hypromellose, croscarmellose sodium, polyvidone K25, talc and titanium dioxide.

Product form

Synonyms lornoxicam - Ksefokam   and Rapid Ksefokam   - Available in the form of coated tablets contained in the blister pack, as well as a powder for injection with the solvent in the kit.

Pharmacological action

The drug has anti-inflammatory . antirheumatic   and analgesic effect .

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Lornoxicam inhibits cyclooxygenase , Acts on the gastric mucosa, and renal blood flow platelets . In addition, it reduces NG products   and leukotrienes It hinders the release of reactive oxygen species, inhibits kinin system . The drug affects a greater extent on the proliferative and exudative phase of inflammation.

If ingestion lornoxicam   quickly split. The bioavailability of drugs is close to 100%. The maximum concentration is achieved after about 2 hours (intramuscular administration - after 15 minutes). The high degree of connection with plasma proteins. The liver is converted into inactive metabolites . The half - about 4 hours. Approximately 30% of the drug is excreted in the urine mainly as metabolites The remaining 70% - in the bile.

Indications

The drug is used for arthritis . reactive synovitis   in a Programme deforming osteoarthritis . radicular syndrome   at osteochondrosis As well as for menstrual, post-surgical, dental and post-traumatic pain.

Moreover, it is administered to patients with systemic lupus erythematosus   (without kidney damage) Bechterew's disease . sciatica .

Contraindications

Lornoxicam should not be taken in case of hypersensitivity to the drug, stomach ulcer and duodenal   inflammatory bowel disease, thrombocytopenia . Congestive heart failure . pregnancy . Lactation , Acute bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, prostaglandin asthma . leukopenia , Disorders of the liver and kidneys, severe hypertension .

In addition, the drug can not be taken in children (under 18 years) and the elderly.

Side effects

When using the drug may be flatulence , Nausea, abdominal pain, dry mouth, nosebleeds, gastritis . dysuria . erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal mucosa . acute renal failure . papillary necrosis . dizziness . depression . tachycardia . peripheral edema . leukopenia . aseptic meningitis .

Furthermore, there may be vomiting, heartburn . diarrhea , Decreased appetite, esophagitis , Bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, the liver, arterial hypertension , Reduction glomerular filtration rate , Sodium and water retention, interstitial nephritis , Trembling, headache . Sweating . drowsiness . thrombocytopenia , Skin rashes.

By applying the solution for injection at the injection site - hyperemia , Painful.

Instructions for use of lornoxicam (method and dosage)

Instructions on Lornoxicam provides the following dosages:

• pills inside - administered 4 mg 2-3 times / day or 8 mg 2 times / day;
• the use of the intravenous solution - administered 8-16 mg (initial dosage), if necessary, can be increased to 8 mg.

Instructions for use of lornoxicam also allows for the following maximum dose:

• Ingestion - 16 mg per day;
• parenterally - 8 mg per day.

Overdose

Use of the drug in high doses is fraught with an increase in side reactions of the nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract, in addition, may heart   or acute renal failure   and rise arterial pressure .

As treatment is carried out gastric lavage, monitoring and maintenance of vital functions. Assign Activated carbon .

Cooperation

The use of lornoxicam with others NSAIDs   increases the likelihood of side effects.

In combination with indirect anticoagulants   bleeding can occur.

The tool also increases the hypoglycemic activity of derivatives sulfonylureas It reduces nephrotoxicity antihypertensive drugs   and raises it from diuretics , Weakening their effect.

Also, it increases the concentration of drug in blood plasma of lithium and lornoxicam in combination with Cimetidine .

Terms of sale

The drug is sold in pharmacies by prescription.

Storage conditions

Keep the medication should be out of the reach of children and well-protected from light. The temperature should be no greater than 25 ° C.

Shelf life

Shelf life of lornoxicam in tablet form is 5 years. Ready solution for injection should be stored no more than a day.

Analogs of lornoxicam

Match code ATC 4th level:

• Teksamen
• Artrozan
• Amelotex
• Movalis
• Meloxicam
• Ksefokam
• Revmoksikam

Lornoxicam analogues which are manufactured under the trade name Ksefokam   and Rapid Ksefokam - Larfiks   and Lorak .

Reviews of lornoxicam

Reviews of lornoxicam by professionals and patients are usually positive .   They testify to the effectiveness of this drug.

Price lornoxicam where to buy

Price lornoxicam in different pharmacies may be different. Tablets of 10 pieces in the package you can buy, on average, for 150 rubles.

And those who are appointed injections should buy special powder for injection. It is more expensive, the price of lornoxicam in this case will be about 700 rubles.

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Protect against liver cancer run, and from kidney cancer - alcohol

May 8, 2013

Related Articles:

• Chronic pyelonephritis
• Phytochemicals that prevent cancer
• Probiotics against radiation
• Glomerulonephritis

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Today, doctors determined   liver cancer as the spread of a disease that is listed in the top five of all cancers occurring in men and in the top ten among all cancers in women. Meanwhile, scientists are constantly exploring the nature of this severe disease, recently concluded that regular jogging can significantly reduce the likelihood of developing the disease.

In the modern world it promotes the development of liver cancer, especially unhealthy lifestyle. This regular eating fried food, alcoholic beverages, as well as the spread among the people of chronic Viral hepatitis .

Scientists from the University of San Diego   ( United States ) Conducted the original study and concluded that physical activity, such as jogging, help to reduce the risk of liver cancer.

Conducts research on mice, the scientists initially included in their diet high in saturated fat, which should significantly increase the probability of development in animals hepatocellular carcinoma .

The mice were divided into groups. The first group of animals each day running on a special simulator of the type " Treadmill "Making it for 1 hour 5 days a week. It remained unchanged over the 32 weeks of the experiment.

The mice in the second group ate as their brethren, and were thus a way of life as they wanted. As a consequence, it was found that after the study in a group of mice that were not subjected to physical stress, liver tumors larger than 10 mm, there were all rodents. At the same time among the " running around "Rodent tumor developed in a much smaller part of the mouse - only in 71% . Moreover, tumors were smaller, and each mouse had fewer tumors.

Meanwhile, researchers from Karolinska Institutet   at Stockholm   We find out how to reduce the risk of Kidney Cancer in humans. It appears from this oncological illness helps to protect yourself moderate alcohol consumption . The study involved 1204 perfectly healthy people and 855 patients with kidney cancer. After reviewing their data, the researchers concluded that the relationship of alcohol and the development of cancer of kidney diseases. So, people who consumed an average of 620 g of ethanol per month, were about 40% lower risk of kidney cancer than those who did not drink alcohol.

Ibuprofen

Description overdue on 28.10.2011

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The drug from the group of NSAIDs. It has a pronounced analgesic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. When ibuprofen notes antiplatelet effect . For external use Ibuprofen reduces morning stiffness in the joints, helps to restore full range of motion.

Indications:

Diseases ASO inflammatory and degenerative: psoriatic, juvenile, rheumatoid, ankylosing spondylitis , Chronic arthritis , Osteoarthritis, neuralgic amyotrophy, osteochondrosis Arthritis in SLE, gouty arthritis. Ibuprofen relieves pain: ossalgia, myalgia, radiculitis , Arthralgia, migraine , Arthritis, toothache, headache, tendinitis . neuralgia , Cancer, bursitis, tenosynovitis, post-traumatic pain. Inflammatory processes in the pelvis, tuberculosis, adnexitis, infectious fever, colds.

Contraindications:

Erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, "Aspirin" asthma, Crohn's disease , Bleeding diathesis, bleeding tendency, hemophilia, pregnancy. Precautions Ibuprofen is prescribed for cirrhosis of the liver (portal hypertension +), gastritis, hyperbilirubinemia, colitis , Enteritis, nephrotic syndrome , Hepatic, renal failure, heart failure, anemia, leukopenia of unknown etiology, hypertension. Ibuprofen is not applied in paediatrics.

Side effect:

GI: NSAID-gastropathy, dyspepsia, dry mouth, gum irritation, aphthous stomatitis, hepatitis, constipation , Pancreatitis. Respiratory system: dyspnea attacks, bronchospasm . Special Senses: tinnitus, hearing loss, optic neuritis toxic origin (reversible character), diplopia, eye irritation and dryness, scotoma. Nervous system: anxiety, insomnia, headaches, agitation, and depression. Nephrotic syndrome, allergic nephritis, renal failure, cystitis , Polyuria. Bodies of hematopoiesis: aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenic purpura, leukopenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia. Sweating. Allergies.

Mode of application:

Ibuprofen taken orally, preferably after a meal. Psoriatic arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis 4 times per day, 400-600 mg. Rheumatoid Arthritis: three times a day at 800 mg. Stretching, soft tissue injury: 1, 6-2, 4 grams per day (multiple doses). Algomenorrhea 4 times daily 400 mg. Feverish syndrome after immunization: 50 mg. After 6 hours again. In no more than 100 mg per day.

Overdose:

Confusion, dyspepsia, vomiting, drowsiness, tinnitus, drop in blood pressure, metabolic acidosis , Coma, bradycardia, Atrial fibrillation Tachycardia, respiratory arrest, kidney failure. With an overdose of ibuprofen is necessary to wash out the stomach, put in an hour adsorbents.

Special instructions:

During treatment with ibuprofen requires careful monitoring of the blood, liver and kidney systems. At the first sign gastropathy spend EGD, fecal blood, determine the hematocrit . For the prevention of gastropathy it is recommended to combine misoprostol and ibuprofen. The drug reduces the rate of reaction is not combined with ethanol.

Drug Interactions:

When combined with inducers of microsomal oxidation (barbiturates, ethanol, phenytoin, rifampicin Tricyclic antidepressants, phenylbutazone) amplified hepatotoxic effects on the liver. MAO inhibitors, in contrast, reduces the severity of the toxic effect of ibuprofen on the liver. The drug reduces the diuretic effect hydrochlorothiazide   and of furosemide . It enhances the effectiveness of indirect anticoagulants, fibrinolytic agents, antiplatelet agents. Kolestiramin and antacids reduce the absorption of ibuprofen. Under the influence of drugs increases the concentration of methotrexate Digoxin , Lithium preparations. Caffeine   It stimulates the analgesic effect of ibuprofen.

Stoptussin

Description overdue on 04/24/2014

• Latin name: Stoptussin
• ATC code: R05CA10
• Active substance: Guaifenesin (Guaifenesin) + butamirata (Butamirate)
• Manufacturer: Teva Czech Companies sro (Czech Republic)

Photos of the drug

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• Composition
• Product form
• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
• Indications
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Instructions for use Stoptussina (method and dosage)
• Overdose
• Cooperation
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Analogs
• For children
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

Composition

Part 1 tablet   includes active substances guaifenesin   and butamirata citrate   in amounts of 100 mg and 4 mg, respectively; adjuvants are also present: colloidal silicon dioxide . tribegenat glyceryl . mannitol , Magnesium stearate, MCC.

Part 1 ml drops Stoptussina   includes active substances guaifenesin   and butamirata citrate   in amounts of 100 mg and 4 mg, respectively; Excipients: 96% ethanol   - 0, 3 g, purified water - 0, 007 g, floral flavor (alpine flowers) - 0, 002 g, liquid extract of licorice - 0, 003 g, polysorbate 80   - 0, 001 g, propylene glycol   - To 1 ml.

Product form

The drug is available in tablets, drops and syrup Stoptussin-Phyto.

Pharmacological action

The drug has antitussive, expectorant action.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

The drug is a combination antitussive and expectorant. The material allows you to split guaifenesin phlegm . This is due to increased secretion of bronchial glands and reduce the viscosity of mucus. In its turn, butamirata citrate   It allows you to have on the patient's throat anesthetic effect, reducing cough .

After Stoptussin drug gets into the body, it is immediately absorbed them completely. This binder with plasma proteins and is as much as 94%. As for guaifenesin , It is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, moreover, that the connection of the substance and the plasma proteins is negligible.

Indications

From what Stoptussin pills?   The medicine helps with coughing.

From a cough is best to take the tablets and the syrup?   Dry and irritating. Also, the drug can be used to relieve cough and softening.

Contraindications

The drug is contraindicated when there is an increased sensitivity to basic drug substances or myasthenia . Tablets are contraindicated for children under 12 years, and syrup for children up to six months. The drug is also contraindicated in pregnancy . The drug can not be used breast-feeding . Syrup can be consumed during pregnancy if this is not the first trimester.

Side effects

At the use of the drug the patient is practically not feel any ailments. However, there may be side effects associated with its use. Can be headache . nausea . bitter taste in the mouth . diarrhea   and dizziness .

Instructions for use Stoptussina (method and dosage)

Tablets taken orally, and washed down with water, without chewing. Dosage occur depending on the weight of the patient. If the weight is less than 50 kg, the half tablet. Complete tablet, if the weight 50 to 70 kg and 1.5 tablets, if the weight 70 kg.

How to take drops Stoptussin?   For this to be dissolved in one hundred milliliters of droplets of liquid. Dosage occur depending on the weight of the patient. Weighing less than 7 kg is enough 8 drops. If the weight is over 70 kg then 40 drops to dissolve in one hundred milliliters of liquid.

Instructions on Phyto-Stoptussin   very simple. For children, half a tablespoon of syrup. If an adult, the whole tablespoon of syrup.

Overdose

In the case of overdose can be headache   and dizziness , and stomach ache . nausea   and diarrhea . Due to guaifenesin   has no antidote, it is the only way to cure gastric lavage   and adoption Activated Carbon .

Cooperation

Unknown.

Terms of sale

This drug is sold without a prescription.

Storage conditions

The drug should be stored out of reach of children, and at a temperature of 10-25 ° C.

Shelf life

This drug is kept for 5 years when stored.

Analogs

Match code ATC 4th level:

• Evkabal
• Linkus
• Alteyka
• Baby Pulmeks
• Bronchipret
• Bronchipret TP
• Gelomirtol
• Bronhikum TP
• With Bronhikum
• Bronhikum
• Pertussin
• Mukaltin
• Gedeliks

Stoptussina is an analogue of the drug Stresam Which contains the same substances. However, the price of the drug is 3-4 times higher than the price on Stoptussin, which makes the drug from the Czech Republic preferred.

For children

Instructions for children is that it is better to give them a drop, depending on the child's weight. If its weight is less than 7 kg, the need to drip 8 drops per 100 ml liquid. As more weight should be increased and the number of drops per 1 kg polkapli.

If we talk about the syrup, it is best to give your child for half a tablespoon after a meal. However, the reviews suggest that it is better, after all, to give droplets, as from them better effect than from the syrup.

Reviews on Stoptussin

Abstract the drug is such that if we talk about a review on the pill, they are very positive and all their advice. And many even in preference, rather than drops. With regard to how many days you can take Stoptussin, many spoke of an immediate effect and that after a few days use of cough medicines has passed completely.

If we talk about a review on Phyto-Stoptussin They are ambiguous. Of course, many users said that medication for children is excellent and has a very good expectorant effect. But there were those who said that the syrup had no effect.

Price Stoptussin where to buy

Price tablets kept in the area of ​​110-140 rubles per pack of 20 tablets.

Speaking of the syrup, the price Stoptussin-Phyto is 166 rubles.

The best effect for the children have cough drops Stoptussin. Their price ranges from 72 to 212 rubles depending on the amount of drug.

Get the best price and buy

Advanced diagnostics of diseases of hair

June 19, 2013

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Let the hair and not the main organ of the human body, but they perform a very important aesthetic function. But while human hair is very fragile, and there are many diseases that can seriously ruin their appearance, and deliver a man in serious trouble.

Trichopathy develop in humans due to the large number of different reasons. Diseases of the skin and hair of the head leads to intense hair loss, deterioration of their appearance, problems with the skin. However, you should know that is not always a manifestation of a strong hair loss leads to baldness, and to identify a number of other nuances. To find out what kind of disease the hair of the head occur in a particular case, it is necessary to consult a doctor-trihologu. He will be able to conduct an adequate diagnosis and accurately determine which diseases of the scalp caused the poor condition of the hair. After the disease hair without proper treatment can eventually lead to negative consequences, from which it will be difficult to get rid of.

Hair loss

In determining the frequency with which people manifest the disease hair, it should be noted that most of the people complaining about the doctor is on the loss. This problem primarily is aesthetic. But this concerns the so-called symptomatic (reactive) hair loss and baldness not. If we consider this disease, hair loss in this case is the result of a certain negative factor or complex thereof. Experts identify the different types of hair loss and, given their features, choose a method of treatment that will help to effectively get rid of diseases of the skin and hair.

It is not always the cause of hair loss are fungal and other diseases of the skin. Very often trigger hair loss can be completely other factors. For example, a seasonal hair loss often occurs during the spring and autumn.

The main reason, in this case - the active restructuring of the organism to other natural and weather conditions.

Very often, the hair beginning to fall out as a result of severe stress. Due to the turmoil experienced in the human body is a strong emission hormones   and biologically active substances, with the vessels and capillaries constrict. As a consequence, to the hair follicles that grow, not delivered enough nutrients. Such hair after a certain period of time (it takes about two months after the stress) begins to fall.

It is also the cause of hair loss sometimes becomes borne illness due to which the patient's body temperature rose above 39 degrees. If a strong increase in temperature is protein folding. As a result, growing hair, it will receive less, begin to fall.

Often, women are beginning to lose hair after suffering abortion . This is due to very sharp hormonal fluctuations. At the same time during pregnancy hair becomes thicker, healthier look due to the increase in the expectant mother Estrogen . But after the baby is born, the level of estrogen in the female body is significantly reduced. A few months after birth begins the so-called postpartum hair loss . If it lasts no more than eight months, no special treatment is required. In addition to these situations, hormonal fluctuations associated with the intake of some contraceptives, very strict diet

Sometimes, hair loss may be due to the intake of certain medications. Nevertheless, hair loss in women is most often associated with iron deficiency in the body. Even if figures Hemoglobin   a woman's normal, and the iron content is sufficient for the functioning of other organs, his hair still may not be enough. Therefore, the long-hair loss women are advised to do a special analysis. Typically, when the doctor prescribes iron deficiency receive a special preparation, as eating foods rich in this mineral, in this case, the problem does not solve.

Thus, in the symptomatic hair loss it is important to establish the correct diagnosis and find the cause that triggered this phenomenon. Patients in this case, the hair is relatively easy to cure. Identify factors that led to their loss, the doctor makes the decision as to cure the sick hair. As generally used medicines, physiotherapy, cosmetics. But even if the hair loss does not seem a big problem how to treat and what to do should be determined by the expert.

It is aware of the fact that hair loss can cause coloring or perming. These procedures may adversely affect the condition of the hair itself, but this fall they will not start.

Baldness

Alopecia   It called the balding process. Most often, doctors diagnose androgenic   and focal   alopecia. Androgenic alopecia   - A balding, male pattern occurs. However, this disease affects not only men but also women. But if men start to go bald in the frontoparietal of the head, women lose hair all over the head evenly. In this case, the reason for this phenomenon - hormonal imbalance, high sensitivity
hair follicles to testosterone . As a rule, androgenic alopecia affects a person or during puberty or during menopause. In this case, the treatment of hair at home is impossible, since only the doctor-triholog can understand the causes of this phenomenon and recommend treatment.

Alopecia areata   an autoimmune disease, which leads to hair loss in certain areas. Such pockets of alopecia with the right approach to treatment can completely overgrown hair. Sometimes it is enough just to spend a few procedures irritating therapy. However, in severe cases, can not do without consultation immunologist.

Split ends

If your hair is very long (more than 20 cm), then they may be split at the ends. Such hair grow for a long period, and, therefore, subjected to mechanical and chemical influences. But if you are cut hair, the length of which is less, we are talking about pathological phenomena. In the process of diagnosis it is most often that the main factor in the condition of the hair is the deficiency of calcium, iron, protein, amino acids. When split hairs, it is important to cut off split ends and try to hurt the hair as little as possible. There are a number of cosmetic products aimed at overcoming this problem.

Early graying

Graying of hair   It occurs in humans as a consequence of lack of body tyrosine . In addition, doctors say the relationship graying with anemia, problems with the activity of the nervous system and endocrine glands, vitamin deficiency, as well as extended stays in direct sunlight. You should also consider the impact of human heredity and certain viral diseases.

Diagnosis of diseases of the hair

To clearly identify the condition of the hair and determine what causes provoked specific disease specialist conducting a study called Trichogramma. In the course of this study, carried out the study the ratio of hair in the anagen phase and telogen. The study was conducted using a microscope. Studying the hair of the patient, the specialist determine their stage of development, the state of the sebaceous gland, blood supply and other indicators. When hair loss is usually observed abnormal ratio of anagen and telogen hair.

If triholog doctor determined the cause that triggered the disease hair, sometimes the patient is sent for consultation to other specialists.

Treatment

In order for the treatment of hair gave the result sought by the patient and the doctor, it is important to ensure a comprehensive approach to this issue. Depending on the cause of the disease the treatment of scalp hair can last from two weeks to six months. Testimonials show that getting rid of the disease is possible only, if the physician's recommendation followed unquestioningly. Therapeutic methods allow to eliminate split ends, to stop hair loss, to accelerate their growth. Sometimes the doctor also recommends that the practice popular hair treatment. For example, good results in hair loss can be obtained by using henna, burdock, some other natural oils. At the same time inside the practice of treating hair in women keratin . nitrogen . fire   and other modern methods.

Hair Treatment fire   - Is an innovative method to recover the hair, accelerate their growth, as well as get rid of the problem of split ends. Treatment with liquid nitrogen (cryotherapy) is effective in krugovidnoy aplopetsii, oily seborrhea head. With the help of liquid nitrogen held krugovidny head massage which is practiced in courses for 10-20 procedures.

Keratin hair treatment - A technique which consists in a positive effect on human hair keratin complex. The composition of such complex includes the protein keratin, and a number of nutrients. This composition is applied to the hair of the patient, providing effective treatment and recovery of previously damaged hair. An important advantage of this treatment method is the fact that the complex is created exclusively from natural sources, and therefore has no adverse effect on the hair.

Home hair treatment involves not only treatment of folk remedies, but also gentle daily hair care. If the cause of hair loss or other disease is a hereditary factor, or natural aging, particular attention should be paid to the choice of a comb (it should be with a few teeth, made of natural material), or use a brush with natural bristles. How can I rarely need to dye your hair and dry them with a hair dryer. Perm can also lead to a deterioration of the hair. Not worth much to pull hair, putting them in her hair. If carefully adhere to these recommendations, the treatment of hair may simply not need.

If the problem is constant and very strong hair loss, the doctor may prescribe a Hair Transplant . There is also a method of weaving the hair and nylon fibers. In alopecia areata possible application of injections with steroids directly into the scalp. At androgenic alopecia   comprehensive treatment involves hormone therapy, physiotherapy, mesotherapy Applying antiseborrheic external funds . In addition, the positive impact on the condition of hair reception bracing means - complexes with vitamins and minerals, dietary supplements . However, even such innocuous at first glance, the funds can only be used strictly as prescribed by your doctor.

Hair Treatment folk remedies

It is proved that correctly matched the treatment of hair folk remedies can help deal with the disturbing problems and significantly improve the condition of hair. There are a lot of people's tips and advice, time-tested. For example, hair loss is recommended rubbed into the scalp burdock oil, sea buckthorn oil, as well as the use of sea buckthorn berries inside. To strengthen the roots of the hair, is included in the diet products containing Vitamin A . Will help strengthen hair decoction of branches of juniper and birch leaves. A handful of such mixture should be boiled in 3 liters of water for 5 minutes, and the broth used for washing the hair. The broth to wash and prepare burdock root, which should be boiled for 15 minutes. Such broth can be used for washing and rinsing several times a week.

Those who want to get rid of the problem of split ends, it is recommended to wash your hair as little as possible, eat as much fruit and vegetables as well as hide the hair from direct sunlight. To treat dry hair split ends, you can use a mask containing honey, egg yolk, onion juice, vitamin A. The egg yolk is used for massaging the scalp and hair. It needs to rub the foam, making it slowly and carefully.

To overcome the problem of oily hair mask will help regular use of aloe, minced, and 1 tbsp. spoons of alcohol. You can also make a mask of equal parts of garlic, honey, aloe juice, lemon juice and egg yolk of one egg. A good effect is the use for rinsing hair broth oak bark. Folk medicine recommends periodically wipe the scalp tincture of calendula. Using all these other folk remedies, and it is important to adhere to the general recommendations. In particular, the head can not be washed with very hot water, as the sebaceous glands begin to work more actively. After bathing in the absence of other means, you can head to rinse with water with lemon juice or a spoonful of vinegar.

It is much more difficult to solve the problem of early graying of hair. But some people's recipes will help slow down the process of their appearance. It stimulates blood flow to the scalp mask of aloe juice, vodka and honey. A mixture of these components is rubbed into the scalp and then left for 40 minutes. The scalp can also be rubbed or soaked sponge fresh rye bread. Burdock and castor oil are also suitable for applications is 40-minute scalp. But most importantly - to conduct a correct way of life, full to eat, avoid stress and time to cure all diseases. For hair, especially, are a clear indicator of the general state of the organism.

Lead is harmful to girls'

Exposure to lead can delay the onset of puberty in girls, as established scientists. This occurs even when blood lead levels below the threshold after which the recommended treatment.

If in early childhood in contact with the lead girl, then later they may experience delays in the onset of   puberty . This was confirmed by a study conducted by experts of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.

The researchers analyzed blood samples from more than 700 girls aged 6 to 11 years. The body of those who level   lead in the body   was increased (by more than 5 micrograms per deciliter) had a 75% less likely to have sufficient puberty hormone levels.

The difference in hormones was even greater in girls with elevated levels   lead in the body And cadmium that could potentially damage the kidneys, lungs, bones, and also increase the risk of cancer. So the girls' parents should be especially careful to see to it that their daughters as little as possible into contact with lead.

How is this contact? By itself, lead may be contained in the old dried ink, dust and soil construction. As to cadmium in the everyday life of its most common source is the cigarette smoke. Lead alone, and in combination with cadmium can inhibit the production of ovarian hormones that prepare the body of the girl to the first ovulation.

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Pets and hygiene - are incompatible

Scientists warn - love to pets and hygiene little compatible. According to a new study found that people having animals in the house, the most dirty kitchen floor.

If you have a cat or a dog, and you keep them in the apartment, then a clean and sterile can only dream of. After a series of examinations, a microbiologist at the University of Leeds have discovered an interesting fact. In the house, where there is a pet Concentration of bacteria on the floors twenty times their levels in homes without pets.

At the same time, scientists have studied how high the level of pollution   in those homes where small children live. But the changes were quite minor. The scientists conducted measurements of the concentration of bacteria in homes without children in homes with small children and in homes with pets. The level of pollution   It was scored.

Houses without children received an average of 167 points, with children - 232. With regard to the homes where there are children, pets . the level of pollution   in points was 2844.

Lead researcher, Dr. Allan Edmondson, said that in the latter case on the kitchen floor of medium size contains approximately six million bacteria. The house with pets, he said, the bacteria much more than students in the room, no different special order.

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Cities - for dependent poor village - for the success of the rich

Rich people want to move to the village, and the poor - in the city - these results showed a public opinion poll conducted by the Public Opinion Foundation in partnership with the company "Eco-culture." The questions researchers said 1097 residents living in 43 regions of Russia.

Respondents were asked to state their position in relation to the choice of place of residence, provided that someone offers them a house in the village area of ​​150 m2 and a peasant farm on a plot of 5 hectares. In addition, migrant provide production technology, protected from the problems associated with the sale of products, ensure a leadership position with a monthly salary of 30 000 rubles and promised that after 10 years of house, land and agriculture will become the property of his family.

Such living conditions in remote rural areas have arranged 20% of city dwellers. 65% of respondents would not change anything in their lives, while 15% of respondents were undecided. This exchange stay in the Russian capital   Life in the village   would agree to 17% of Muscovites, and it - almost 2 million inhabitants of the capital. And that's what most of them has justified his decision:
- The desire to improve their living conditions (3%),
- Living in a region with a good environment (3%),
- A stable job and salary (2%),
- Good prospects (2%),
- Traction to the ground (2%).

Most are interested in moving people between the ages of 31 and 45 years with higher or incomplete higher education. Failure to change was mainly caused by the age of respondents, their health (12%) and habit of urban life (11%).

"The city people prefer to remain dependent and poor. They rely on outside help, and do not want to take the initiative. A simple example - these people for any damage will cause the master and do something with their own hands will not be because they do not know how and did not want to learn. But independent, successful, self-confident people are willing to go to the village with their entire families. They need only the conditions, where to move ", - the staff of the Foundation.

State Duma deputy and member of the Committee on Agriculture Svetlana Maximova recalled that the necessary springboard for beginning farmers prepared state. "For them, there is budget support in state programs -" Social development of village till 2013 "," New Farmer "," Integrated compact construction. " But this is not enough. Sela, unfortunately, are not provided with the necessary infrastructure, and over that have to work. "

For reference:
According to the national network of recruitment, 70% highly qualified managers ready to move to the periphery. According to the Foundation "Anastasia", in Russia today, 230 eco-villages, 50-70 families each. Over 12 000 families in Russia have chosen a life in the countryside just for the ecological well-being.

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Intestinal dysbiosis

March 2nd, 2012

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Intestinal dysbiosis   - Changes in the normal microbial composition of the intestines as a result of various factors. In violation of the normal balance of the intestinal flora is characterized by replacement of normal species composition of pathogenic flora.

Structure and function of the human intestine provide the basic mechanism of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients necessary for normal body function. After rough machining in the stomach, food moves into the small intestine, where it is transferred to nutrient blood   and lymph .

In the normal state in small intestine   not own microflora , Getting into the microorganisms in the intestinal tract occurs in violation of the enzymes   provoked by various diseases. Hit and development in the small intestine pathogenic organisms causing the infection, which is accompanied by diarrhea , Pain, bloating, and rumbling stomach. The development of useful nonpathogenic microbes causes a swelling and discomfort.

The main part of the intestinal microflora is localized in the second division - colon . In structure the large intestine is quite different from the fine, it consists of colons - rising . transverse . downward And from blind   and sigmoid . In the colon there is a final water absorption, and flora living in this department regulates important for the health of the processes.

The normal intestinal microflora is a balanced ecosystem. This property are more than 500 different species of bacteria, and is about 1, 5 kg of live bacteria. The main representatives of the intestinal flora of aerobic lactobacilli   and anaerobic bifidobacteria .

Important features are the regulation of intestinal microflora metabolism bile acids   and cholesterol Normalization of enzymatic digestion of proteins, carbohydrates and fats, as well as the digestion of nucleic acids, high molecular weight carbohydrates, fiber. The microorganisms in the intestinal flora increase the body's resistance to negative environmental influences. This is due to their involvement in electrolyte metabolism, synthesis of vitamins of group B, Ascorbic acid   and Vitamin K As well as in the synthesis of substances having antibacterial activity.

In the qualitative composition of intestinal microflora bacteria present acting as a natural biosorbent . They contribute to the detoxification of endogenous and exogenous substrates and change the formula of toxic substances than make them harmless to humans.

In fact, a balanced intestinal ecosystem is an activator of our immune system, causing it to be on our toes and react at risk. Under the influence of microbes stimulated lymphoid apparatus , Permanent synthesis of immunoglobulins, reduced vascular permeability, penetration of toxic products.

The important functions performed by the intestinal microflora are improved synthesis histamine   and amino acids In particular it is indispensable in the body tryptophan And assimilation vitamin D   and calcium .

The amount and specific composition of microorganisms in the large intestine is constantly changing, while maintaining the quality ratio, in other words is stored dynamic equilibrium - the balance of the intestinal microflora . Such changes occur depending on the season, age, lifestyle, the environment and the mental state of a person. Conditionally divided into microflora resident   and transient As well as non-pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic, that is useful in the composition and a small proportion. Disrupt the normal balance of intestinal bacteria overgrowth is a sharp change in the structure and the increase in the number of pathogenic bacteria leads to dysfunction and disease.

The occurrence of intestinal dysbiosis may be caused by a variety of factors, most often it is an unbalanced diet, immune deficiencies, intestinal infections, long term administration antibiotics , Hormonal and steroidal drugs. The reason may be dysbacteriosis and treatment of diseases chemotherapy   and radiation therapy. In the appointment of therapy required prevention of intestinal dysbiosis.

The classification of dysbiosis are four stages of development, as well as the divided primary and secondary dysbiosis. In primary disease microflora change occurs, and further there is inflammation of the mucous membranes of the intestinal tract. Secondary dysbacteriosis usually a complication of diseases of the small or large intestine, which depends on the clinical picture and the main symptoms.

First stage   intestinal dysbiosis is characterized by a slight development of pathogens and a moderate decrease in the amount of beneficial bacteria. Symptoms of intestinal dysbiosis during the first stage is usually absent.

To second stage   characterized by a critical decrease in the composition of obligate flora - bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, as well as the rapid development of pathogenic microbes. Presence of the first symptoms of the disorder of the intestine.

Third stage   characterized by inflammation with damage to the intestinal wall. Intestinal disorders become chronic.

Fourth Stage   intestinal dysbiosis is the beginning of an acute intestinal infection. At this stage, characterized by general exhaustion, anemia. An imbalance of intestinal microflora moves toward pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Living in the gut flora is present in very small proportions.

Symptoms of intestinal dysbiosis

The clinical picture of the development of dysbiosis and the flow depends on the stage and on the microbiological embodiment disorder. Characteristic symptoms of dysbiosis is frustration of a chair . diarrhea Caused by the formation and accumulation in the intestine of a large amount of bile acids, which retard the water absorption and cause changes in the structure of the intestinal mucosa. In addition dekonyugirovannye bile acids have a laxative property, thereby causing unstable chair.

When age is characterized by frequent dysbacterioses constipation , Especially when co-morbidities such as atherosclerosis   or chronic colitis . Constipation relief actions are due to the microflora of the large intestine peristalsis.

As you can see, the symptoms of dysbiosis are varied, but the main is still a flatulence . Flatulence in the colon and the intestinal wall changes lead to disruption of absorption and removal of gases. This gives rise to such symptoms as unpleasant odor and taste in the mouth, bloating, burning sensation in the area of ​​infarction, cardiac arrhythmia. When there is a sharp increase in flatulence dyspeptic asthma Which is characterized by sudden shortness of breath and swelling, dilated pupils, and cold extremities.

A common feature is also a dysbiosis abdominal pain . Characterized by monotonous, pulling or arching pain. Generally the pain is accompanied by flatulence and intensified towards the end of the day. There may be severe and colicky abdominal pain. After the meal there is a rumbling in the stomach, gastrotsekalny reflex .

When dysbacteriosis bowel syndrome occurs gastrointestinal dyspeptic . There remains an appetite, a feeling of fullness in the epigastric region, pneumophagia , Belching and nausea. After a while there Biliary   due to gut dysmotility. This condition occurs during stimulation of gut fermentation products acids. In the intestine, an excess emissions of CO2, methane, hydrogen sulfide, which further strengthens flatulence. In the fourth stage of intestinal dysbiosis may be a putrid dyspepsia. The processes of fermentation and putrefaction in the intestines leading to drastic changes in the composition of feces.

Microflora imbalance leads to violations of its basic functions, there are signs of polyhypovitaminosis . Lack of the body thiamine   leads to impaired intestinal motility, there is a tendency to atony . headache , Myocardial degeneration, suffering peripheral nervous system . Patients may experience depression, irritability, excessive salivation, which is a sign of deficiency nicotinic acid . Insufficiency riboflavin   shown stomatitis . dermatitis   on the wings of the nose, hair loss and changes the nail plate.

Often when there is a dysbacteriosis anemia . This condition occurs due to the weakening of synthesis folic acid   and cyanocobalamin . Their use as a competitive pathogenic and beneficial bacteria leads to a sharp reduction in the amount of these elements - normochromic Rarely hyperchromic anemia . Food allergies   It can also act as a symptom of dysbiosis. Increased activity of the intestinal microflora leads to increased production of histamine and an allergic reaction to certain foods.

Imbalance microflora can have different symptoms of intestinal dysbiosis, it depends on the type of predominant microbe flora. The most common pathogens are representatives staphylococcus . Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Candida fungus . misogasee . aspergilus . View dysbiosis can install laboratory diagnosis, there are differences in the clinical picture of the disease.

Fungal intestinal dysbiosis is due to receive antibiotics. The use of antibiotics disrupts the balance of flora, beneficial bacteria that produce substances with a fungistatic effect die, thus giving way to the fungi that do not respond to antibiotics.

Foremost among fungal dysbacterioses is candidiasis . Reproduction yeasts Candida albicans   It causes the surface of the mucous membranes. Candidiasis intestines and stomach, usually accompanied by other diseases.

In less severe clinical signs of the disease appear dysbiosis marginally. There may be slight abdominal pain, loose stools, more often than normal temperatures. In more severe course there low-grade fever That lasts long enough, headaches, excessive sweating. In the sigmoid colon felt pain, swelling, heaviness. Chair frequent, abundant with mucus.

Among fungal dysbacterioses allocated as mucormycosis   and aspergillosis . These diseases in the intestinal form are much rarer than candidiasis. Often poor prognosis. Muromikoz develops as a consequence of contact with the pathogen in the intestinal tract during concomitant diseases. Aspergillosis, in turn, may occur after prolonged antibiotic therapy. The development of the disease, and acute severe. Frequent symptoms of diarrhea, changes in the intestine hemorrhagic necrotic nature.

Patients ulcerative colitis   or chronic enterocolitis As well as in individuals previously undergone dysentery . salmonellosis   Other acute intestinal infections may occur intestinal dysbiosis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Most Pseudomonas bacteria overgrowth occurs in patients with reduced immunity, can also be the result of food poisoning.

The morphological features distinguish catarrhal   and fibro-purulent With hemorrhage, necrosis, Pseudomonas bacteria overgrowth. Symptoms of intestinal dysbiosis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a result of food toxic infection: abdominal pain, frequent repeated vomiting diarrhea with mucus. After 7-10 days can occur paralytic ileus, cardiovascular failure that lead to death. Pseudomonas bacteria overgrowth caused by excessive intake of antibacterial drugs has less pronounced pattern and a good prognosis.

Staphylococcal bacteria overgrowth   bowel and develops after acute intestinal infections, an illness of the digestive system, long-term toxic effect of antibiotics paired with vitamin deficiency. In mild uncomplicated staphylococcal dysbacteriosis characterized by mild symptoms of intoxication, disturbances of appetite, weakness, and bland inflammatory process. Rising temperatures are accompanied by a fever.

At moderate and severe clinical course of dysbiosis clinical signs are more pronounced, the temperature greatly rises to 38-39 degrees, there is a fever, sweating. Intoxication is manifested by headaches, weakness, pain in the abdomen. A chair liquid up to 10 times a day, with mucus, blood and pus. In severe dehydration observed violations of the cardiovascular system.

Diagnosis of intestinal dysbiosis

The diagnosis is made by bacteria overgrowth of laboratory tests and the characteristic signs of the disease. Basic tests for suspected violation of intestinal microflora is Fecal seeding . Urine   and bile   dysbacteriosis, and scatological study of feces . A recent study provides an opportunity to discover iodophilic microflora , Large amounts of digested starch and intracellular tissue, which is indicative of the presence of the disease.

Diagnosis of intestinal dysbiosis by culture fecal bacteria overgrowth does not always give reliable results. The advantage of bacteriological research is the ability to cultivate a particular type of bacteria and to determine their relative proportions. Good result gives the analysis of suspected staphylococcal   or intestinal fungal Bacteriosis . In addition, this method is the cheapest and most accessible of all laboratory tests. If necessary, conduct research biotapta wall of the small intestine or planting postgraduate contents of the small intestine. Due to the technical complexity of this analysis it is rarely prescribed.

More broadly in the diagnosis of intestinal dysbiosis the method polymerase chain reaction   - PCR diagnostics   determination of microbial species. It can be used to determine the representatives of the intestinal microflora, which are not in the intestinal lumen. Although today this method is basic, its accuracy leaves much to be desired. Informative analysis is very low, due to the limited range of bacteria that can be detected with PCR diagnostics.

For the diagnosis can be used chemical methods of research, it is Mass spektromeriya   and gas-liquid chromatography . A study of the intestinal contents to determine the concentration of microbial products, which is calculated based on the composition and ratio of the intestinal microflora. A significant disadvantage of this study the cost, equipment requirements and calculations.

Fungal Bacteriosis diagnosed in the background enterocolitis   and enteritis Which provoked prolonged antibiotic therapy. Symptoms of intestinal dysbiosis, particularly blood mucoid diarrhea indicate the presence of fungal infections, and laboratory analyzes confirm the diagnosis. Appointed Research scrapings of the intestinal mucosa and fecal mycelium.

The most common confirmation of the diagnosis occurs unfounded. There is no clear concept of the norm biocenosis bowel in different patients different composition of microflora, and its constant changes make it impossible to accurately calculate the ratio of quality. Complete scientific research on the subject has never been carried out. What actually is the difficulty of diagnosing dysbiosis. It is also important that the classification of diseases such diseases as intestinal dysbiosis does not exist, as there are constant discussions.

Treatment of intestinal dysbiosis

For the treatment of dysbiosis is used a number of drugs developed on the basis of micro-organisms and their products - Prebiotics   and probiotics .

Assign with dysbiosis probiotics consist of live organisms that regulate intestinal microflora. An important function of such microbes is ability to survive during storage of the drug and directly intestinal ecosystem.

Appointed by several groups of probiotics. Monokompolentnye contain in their composition one species of microbes: bifidobacteria . lactobacilli   or colibacteria . Polycomponent contain a combination of the main strains of bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and colibacteria. Combination products consist of symbiotic communities of the main representatives of the intestinal flora, and contain compounds stimulate the growth of normal microflora. There are also recombinant probiotics, they are composed of not only the necessary bacteria and cloned genes for the synthesis of alpha-interferon.

Prebiotics in turn is non-microbial origin drugs. Prebiotics are not digested disaccharides That stimulate the growth and activity of its own flora and inhibit the development of pathogenic micro-organisms.

Treatment of intestinal dysbiosis appointed complex, depending on the extent of the disease.

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