Types of baldness (alopecia)

June 24, 2011

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Alopecia   or, more correctly, alopecia   - A disease which is characterized by abnormal hair loss varying degrees of intensity, resulting in partial or complete hair loss.

There is this pathology   for a variety of reasons, some of which are unclear, because of the small study. There is no uniform classification and alopecia. Currently alopecia divided into total   (complete absence of hair) diffuse   (sudden baldness) and focal   (alopecia occurs in some limited areas).

Also, dermatology distinguishes disease origin and clinical features:

• congenital,
• seborrheic,
• symptomatic,
• alopecia,
• premature.

Each of them, in turn, is divided into several types.

Congenital alopecia.   This type of alopecia ( alopecia congenita ) Is characterized by a partial or complete lack of hair follicles due presumably genetic abnormalities and refers to ektomezodermalnym Dysplasia . Alopecia may be congenital and independent disease, and part of the overall pathology. The disease is caused by a violation of the synthesis of certain amino acids and is quite rare.

Seborrheic alopecia.   The cause of seborrheic alopecia is a complication of seborrhea is associated with the violation of the sebaceous glands. Long-term qualitative and quantitative changes in allocated sebum leads to the emergence of Dandruff   and seborrhea, and as a result to hair loss. Seborrheic alopecia occurs in approximately 25% of adolescents during puberty and reaches a peak in 23-27 years.

Symptoms of seborrheic alopecia is the type of pain, dandruff, itchy scalp. The hair becomes greasy look and feel, stick together in untidy strands. The scalp and hair roots are covered with scales greasy yellowish or grayish color. The life of hair is gradually reduced, they begin to fall. There is a violation of the physiological process of change the hair, the new hair is gradually replaced by vellus. The coat begins to thin or bald spots appear foci.

Most 30-year-old age, hormonal balance is restored to normal, and the sebaceous glands. Treatment of seborrheic alopecia type should begin as soon as possible, with a hike to a specialist or dermatologist trihologu, diseases are diagnosed hair tricology office. Self can lead to irreversible loss of hair.

Treatment of alopecia in this case, the first thing to start to combat seborrhea. The complex treatment consists of two stages. A restorative phase involves correcting the diet and its compliance, improving the body's immune system and vitamin course, adherence of the day and rest, because the psychological state of the patient's immune system and is very influenced by the rate of recovery. Seborrheic alopecia is treated using special ointments, shampoos, masks, which contain complexes of active elements, stop inflammation and stimulate hair growth.

Symptomatic alopecia (diffuse) . Causes of alopecia are as symptomatic complication heavy flow of common diseases: infections, endocrinopathies, and many others, as well as a result of poisoning, radiation exposure or prolonged cytostatic therapy. Under toxic or autoimmune effect on the hair papillae, stops their growth. The disease is total, duffuzny or focal character. After the cessation of chemical exposure, hair growth is usually restored.

There are a separate group of some diseases, leading to scar alopecia:

• viral diseases, for example, shingles   or chicken pox ;
• bacterial diseases ( syphilis . carbuncle , Boil, tuberculosis   and etc.);
• fungal (favus, microsporia , Infiltrative-suppurative trichophytosis);
• connective tissue disease ( systemic lupus erythematosus , Scleroderma);
• hereditary disorders and developmental defects, such as aplasia of the skin, epidermal nevus , Atrophy face, bruising of hair follicles, etc .;
• physical damage (mechanical trauma, thermal or radiation exposure);
• Some kinds of neoplasms (squamous cell carcinoma, siringoma et al.);
  protozoa (leishmaniasis);
• dermatoses of various origins (lipoid necrobiosis, psevdopelada Brock sarcoidosis Syndrome Little-Lassyuera et al.).

Scar alopecia treated only surgically, by a hair transplant. This operation is well developed, and if the area of ​​low-traumatic scar is small, gives a quick effect.

Alopecia symptomatic in other more often curable, and the sooner the expert finds out the cause of baldness and begin treatment, the more positive outlook.

Alopecia areata.   The most common alopecia areata affects children and young people of both sexes to 25 years. The etiology of the disease is not fully understood. In the pathogenesis of alopecia areata, presumed to play an important role of head trauma, endocrine diseases or neuro-trophic disorders with an autoimmune component. Hair fall as centers of circular or oval shape of various sizes, the hair follicles are reduced in size. In clinical forms distinguish subtypes of alopecia areata:

• total   - There is a complete lack of hair on the scalp;
• subtotal   - Absence of hair on the scalp for more than 40%;
• local   - Determined by one or more distinct rounded foci of alopecia;
• diffuse   - There is a noticeable thinning of hair on the scalp;
• ofiazis   - Pockets of alopecia affect the entire edge region of the growth of hair on the head, neck or frontotemporal area;
• universal   - The lack of hair on the scalp, eyelashes, eyebrows, complete or partial loss of vellus hair on the body.

The disease occurs unpredictably pockets suddenly appear and just as suddenly, after 3-6 months, may disappear. Sometimes the disease becomes chronic, the old centers of overgrown, but new ones appear.

The diagnosis is carried out on the basis of clinical symptoms and characteristics. It is recommended that clinical and laboratory research: general and biochemical analysis of blood, hair microscopy, determination of blood levels of cortisol, the CEB, X-ray of the skull, REG, hormonal blood test.

Alopecia areata is recognized pluricausal disease. Treatment of this type of alopecia complicates the difficulty of identifying the main causes of the mechanism of the disease, and therefore, there is the problem of its effectiveness.

Alopecia premature.   The mechanism of androgenic alopecia the most studied. Development of the disease is associated with an uncharacteristic action of androgen hormones, which is due to hereditary factors. Androgenic alopecia or premature, the most common form of baldness in men, and sometimes women. In men, the disease manifests itself in the beginning of puberty and finally formed 30 years. In 60% of cases, detailed clinical picture is observed in 40-50 years. Women get sick much later, almost half of the cases, the onset of disease accounts for 60-70 years, and expressed not complete baldness, and more or less thinning hair.

Symptoms of premature alopecia are replacing long hair vellus. Hair loss begins in frontal and parietal areas process then covers other areas of the head. As a result, the hair is left only at the edges of the scalp.

The skin on the hairless areas becomes thin, smooth and shiny. The openings of hair follicles are imperceptible. In the early stages of premature alopecia histologically by highlighting focal perivascular basophilic degeneration of the connective tissue sheath of the hair. For several cycles change the hair follicles affected progressively reduced. Below wrinkled first follicle can be seen the remains of sclerotic connective tissue of the vagina, which eventually disappear.

To restore hair, most often not possible, but a systematic intensive restorative treatment helps to significantly slow down the process of balding.

Treatment of alopecia

The basic condition for the successful treatment of alopecia is the elimination of all kinds of adverse psychological background, disorders of the digestive tract, kidneys and liver, nervous and endocrine systems, foci of chronic infections, helminthic infestation, and other factors contributing to the development of the disease.

Appointed:

• psychotropic and nootropics ( azafen . nootropil . sibazon )
• immunokorrigatornye drugs ( dekaris . methyluracil . taktivin )
• vitamins (A, E, multivitamins containing trace elements) phytin . biotin .

Alopecia areata, in addition to these drugs, requires the appointment angioprotectors ( doksium ) And drugs that improve the microcirculation ( trental ). Sometimes, in extreme cases, use of corticosteroid therapy in the form of chipping or pockets inside. However, there is no guarantee against recurrence.

From physical therapy techniques used in the treatment of alopecia d'Arsonval currents And in severe cases it is advisable to combine the UV rays from the reception of photosensitizers ( ammifurin . beroksan ) Or make photochemotherapy.

Positive effect gives reflexology, in particular, lazerorefleksoterapiya .

From the effective use of external funds annoying rubbing alcohol ( tincture of red pepper . naphthalan extract oil ), Corticosteroid creams, medication regeyn , Which includes Minoxidil . Spend course treatment of alopecia rubbing pilastina   or silokasta   in the lesions. The course consists of 6 days, the interval between courses of 1, 5 months.

It is important to strict dieting. Compulsory inclusion in the diet of fresh vegetables (especially cabbage and carrots); fruits (apricots, dried apricots, apples). As well as sea kale and products containing large amounts of gelatin (jelly, aspic, jelly). It is necessary to completely eliminate from the diet, alcohol, coffee, meats, pickles, spices, marinades, extractives, and limit intake of fats and carbohydrates.

Musculoarticular dysfunction

April 18, 2013

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Musculoarticular dysfunction   - Is a pathology in which there is a violation coordinate the functions of the masticatory muscles. In addition, improperly positioned components of the temporomandibular joint. In particular, the location of the broken disk and head relative to the articular tubercle.

Temporomandibular joint forms the articular head of the mandible, tubercle of the temporal bone and articular fossa. In its two portions divides fibroplate . It is a complex, difficult arranged joint. It is exposed to a group of masticatory muscles. In this joint complex movements occur - translational and rotational. And to all this mechanism has always functioned smoothly and clearly, need a very clear and proper coordination of its work.

Muscle dysfunction syndrome can manifest as a result of various types of bias. This displacement of the articular heads, prolapse   (ie loss) disc displacement of the articular disc. Treatment of this disease depends on what type of bias is observed.

Causes

Musculoarticular dysfunction   a person is manifested primarily as a result of irregularities in the interdigitation .  This can be a malocclusion, or joint injury .  However, speaking about the trauma, experts do not mean getting sharp jaw injuries .  Sometimes such injury occurs as a consequence of delays in prosthetics .  Especially dangerous in this case, the absence of posterior teeth .  In the absence of human teeth or their partial destruction disappear those landmarks that define the proper closing of the mouth .  It turns out that if a portion of teeth missing, the patient may each time differently to close the mouth .  On chewing surfaces are no bumps that could restrict movement .  As a result, an undesirable change in the condition of the temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscles .  In addition, the normal closing of the mouth or the product of the lateral movement of the mandible may prevent the presence of slope of the teeth or their extension .  In this case, teeth may contact the wrong, thereby manifested articular dysfunction .

In addition to these reasons among the factors contributing to the development musculoarticular dysfunction, experts note the presence of the patient's endocrine and joint diseases, frequent stresses   and psycho-emotional injuries sustained injuries of the cervical spine. The cause of the disease can be a high degree of erasing teeth bruxism   and the habit of constantly be with your mouth open.

Also, the joint can be injured in the process or of prosthetics orthodontic therapy Provided that such treatment occurs correctly. Specialist provider of treatment should be to restore teeth, clearly because of their anatomical size and shape in each individual case. Masticatory apparatus each person has certain features (the ratio of the jaw, the shape of the teeth, etc.), which are required to be displayed in the treatment. Every restoration must be not only aesthetically harmonious positions, but also correct from the standpoint of the recovery of all the functions. To date, experts give the matter a lot of attention in order to restore a functional relationship of elements dental system .

Symptoms

Muscle dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint can occur in two forms: with the presence of pain and a lack of it.

Possible symptoms of this disease can be pain in the maxillofacial region, which appear at the moment when a person chews, turns his head, swallowing, talking. Typically, such a pain develops on the one hand, and periodically gives ear, neck, teeth, hard palate, jaw. Such feelings can become more intense after hypothermia, severe emotional stress. The pain subsides after a patient takes painkillers.

Sometimes a person says that he has manifested certain restrictions when opening the mouth, and the crunch is felt and clicking in the temporomandibular joint. This movement of the mandible can be blocked.

Sometimes the patient complains of headaches, feeling the noise and congestion in the ears. The mobility of the jaw is often markedly reduced in the late afternoon. A person can thus feel inexplicable anxiety that affects the quality of his sleep.

With the development of musculo-articular dysfunction   Some patients complain of a feeling of dryness in the mouth, high tooth sensitivity to cold and hot. It happens that when a disease develops gradually noticeable facial asymmetry .

If the treatment of the disease has not been carried out in a timely manner, then the presence of disc prolapse can happen restructuring of the articular surfaces, thus developing arthrosis . If there is a proliferation of connective tissue in the joint, it can be completely immobilized. This complication is called ankylosis .

Diagnostics

To diagnose this condition, originally a specialist conducts a thorough inspection and palpation produces. Also practiced listening joint holding electromyography. If necessary, designate MRI , Computed tomography of the joint, as well as other methods of examination.

It should be noted that the diagnosis " neuromuscular dysfunction of bladder "- It is a separate disorder in which celebrated various violations reservoir   and evacuation functions . The reason for this defeat - the development of a variety of nervous system lesions provoked by injuries, birth defects, tumors and others.

Treatment

The tactics of treating syndrome musculo-articular dysfunction   It depends on what type of dysfunction is observed in the patient, and what reasons have provoked its occurrence.

Very often the treatment of such pathology is only a grinding superkontaktov teeth . These are their points, accounting for the highest load, if the jaws are closed properly. Sometimes it is necessary to properly carry out dental prosthetics and make full pereprotezirovanie . Another effective method for certain types of dysfunction - orthodontic treatment to correct bite. Thus, all of these methods, as well as other measures are taken in order to recreate the correct clamping teeth. It is important to ensure that they were closing the most naturally.

Most effective method of treatment is to use a special plate divisive relaxing, the use of which allows you to move the joint head in the correct position. In order to hold the correct position of the head and the articular disk uses a special roll tire.

So, flat occlusal splint   It may be superimposed on the upper and the lower row of teeth. With such a tire fails completely block the chewing surface of the teeth in contact with the opposing teeth to them. This bus allows the lower jaw into the correct position and match the position of the joint. This bus is used to overcome bruxism.

Bus Gelb   It is used to reposition the lower jaw and to reposition the articular disc, if the patient is too deep bite. Such a tire is manufactured on the lower dental arch.

Stabilizing the tire is applied if the unstable situation marked the lower jaw, as well as the presence of a double bite.

When using any of the tires treatment lasts about 4-6 months. If there is a need for re-treatment, it is carried out after mid-year pause.

If the doctor diagnoses the displacement of the disc, which is not amenable to reposition, in this case, surgical intervention. In the course of the operation performed colliotomy, smoothing disk and install it on the right place.

Prevention

The main preventive measure to prevent the development of musculo-articular dysfunction   - A regular preventive dental check-ups, as well as timely access to a doctor at the first sign of any pathology. If there is an injury or tooth decay, damage to the crowns, chipped teeth, erasing seals , Then recourse can not pull in any case. After all, if untreated dentition gradually rebuilt, and eventually a person develops musculo-articular dysfunction . In addition, it is important to pay attention to maintaining overall mental and physical health.

Bridges, crowns and implants (removable dentures)

June 4, 2013

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Even with prompt treatment of teeth and regular visits to the dentist sooner or later, before the man could be a question of prosthetics. Modern dentistry offers patients a lot of different ways you can use to replace a tooth that has been removed, or for some reason he fell. Different types of prosthetics are possible due to application of new technologies.

Types of dental prosthetics

Prosthesis used if the teeth are too badly damaged, and can not perform the desired function if the decreased number of teeth, or if the teeth are cosmetic flaws, that does not meet the patient.

Dentists today use those methods of prosthetics that allow the maximum to restore the dentition of the patient and give him comfort. There are two types of prosthetics - removable   and removable . If the dentures can be periodically removed from the oral cavity, the non-removable set so that the patient can wear them continuously.

Dentures That made the modern specialists compare favorably with those uncomfortable dentures that did a few decades ago. Now they are made of flexible and durable materials that give you the opportunity to very accurate prosthesis. As a rule, it is recommended to install dentures with complete loss of teeth or in the absence of posterior teeth.

Removable dentures apply in cases where the need of one or more prosthetic teeth. This form of prosthetics has many variations. Typically, design of the artificial tooth attached to the adjacent teeth. To do this, the doctor uses special items. In addition, in today's widely used non-removable prosthesis implantation. Treatment and prosthetics using this method is carried out in all clinics dentistry. Therefore, choose the appropriate method will help not only the preliminary examination and the doctor's advice, but reviews of those who have already tried some prosthetics methods. The most widely used materials in prosthetics is cermet . Ceramics Also apply partial denture . The prices of these materials are significantly different, however, if necessary, the doctor can choose the option that will cost the patient is relatively inexpensive. In general, the cost of prosthetics depends on many factors: the material used, the need for pre-treatment, the use of prosthetics and others without turning. The doctor may also choose the best method of prosthetics, given the age (for seniors, children, young people). Dentist-orthopedist, which deals with the prosthesis, defines all existing indications and contraindications in each individual case.

Types and features a non-removable denture

Modern dentures allows natural use established structures, as well as to ensure their aesthetic appearance. After the man adapts to such a prosthesis, he almost forgets about the troubled him earlier problems. In addition, there is no need to perform any special recommendations dentist and provide care for such prostheses can be at home, simply using conventional methods of oral hygiene.

In modern dentistry, the following types of non-removable dental prosthesis such as: microprosthetics . Installation crowns . bridges . implant dentures . The doctor may use a non-standard materials, if the practice of child dental prosthetics, as such structures should not interfere with the growth and development of the teeth, as well as meet several other requirements.

To determine which type of prosthesis prefer, take into account peculiarities of the state of the patient's dentition. If there is a partial destruction of the tooth, the patient set the crown on a tooth. Metal-ceramic crown - the most popular variant of the prosthesis. This is a special case for a tooth, has thin walls. If necessary, it can also be installed partial crowns.

Microprosthetics avoids grinding of the tooth so strong as before installing crown. The tooth is coated with a thin ceramic plate, which protects them from the effects of harmful factors, and provides an aesthetic appearance. This type of denture tooth protects from destruction, it is completely safe for surrounding tissues. Using this type of prosthesis frequently carried prosthetic anterior teeth.

Dental tabs are used sometimes instead of the establishment of large seals, if there are extensive defects of the tooth crown. Tabs made of various metals, ceramics, plastics, composite materials are also used.

Bridges

For over three decades, dentists establish the so-called patients   bridges . With their help, you can not only restore the ability to chew food effectively, but the man does not lose sensitivity, feels all the taste of food. In addition, people relatively quickly gets used to such prostheses.

Bridges - a design that consists of two crowns, which are located between the artificial teeth. Externally, this design is similar to the bridge, which gave the name of such a prosthesis. Such a bridge is attached to the crowns on the teeth, which are supporting. Metal-ceramic bridges can replace from one to four missing teeth, arranged in a row. It is important that the teeth that are attached prosthesis are healthy and able to withstand the extra pressure when chewing.

Dentists use different types of prostheses, which primarily differ in the material of which are made. Also, the difference between the two is in the process of installation and workmanship. Most often, doctors use a cast-metal prostheses, which are support for healthy teeth. Such prostheses are reliable, they provide all the requirements regarding the functionality, but from an aesthetic point of view, are not ideal.

Before you install a prosthesis, the doctor determines all the indications and contraindications, and with a positive result, begins to prepare to install the supporting teeth. Initially they depulpiruyut and carefully seal up all the channels. Thereafter, the teeth grind in order to subsequently set the bit. Sometimes dental use tabs. Provided that the abutment teeth are healthy, sometimes the doctor decides not to depulpation.

After completing preparatory works are taken casts of the jaws, and the prosthesis is made. Further stages of a fitting, fitting the prosthesis and the final installation. If in step addiction person feels discomfort, then he needs to see a doctor for re-inspection.

Also cast are set as solder bridges, which consist of a single stamped crowns, joined with solder. Now, however, these prostheses are seldom used as stamped solder prostheses can have a detrimental effect on the oral mucosa. The fact that when making several different metals are used. In addition, these prostheses bad adjacent to the supporting teeth.

If the patient has no teeth 1-2 can use plastic prosthetics. With their help, we achieved an excellent aesthetic effect. However, these prostheses have insufficient strength, their use is not practiced in the deep bite, and they quickly erased.

Bridges in the castle mounts recently very popular, as their use makes it possible to dispense with the use of crowns.

Composite bridges do in case the supporting teeth have a very strong inclination. As a consequence, it applies a normal prosthesis difficult. Composite body of the prosthesis is performed in two parts.

Bridge prosthesis does not apply to bruxism , No more than 4 incisors, 2 premolars. If a person has an overbite, or he suffers severe periodontitis   or periodontitis Such prostheses are not practiced. Also contraindicated is the presence of the jaw bone diseases, inflammatory processes in the mouth.

Dentists and define some of the negative things that occur in this type of prosthesis. It is a necessity depulpirovat and grind the abutment teeth, and after the establishment of bridges - carefully look after them. The most serious drawback of a significant increase in pressure on the abutment teeth. Besides the cost of such prostheses rather high.

Crowns

Crowns   used in that situation, if the tooth is very badly damaged. Modern dental crowns not only allows you to return the natural shape of the tooth, but also to ensure its functionality in the future and at the same time protect the tooth from development caries . In modern dentistry has rarely set gold crowns, as there are different types of dental crowns that meet modern requirements. For their manufacturing are used the best materials.

Dental crowns - a kind of "cap", the installation of which is carried out on the tooth root. Such a prosthesis is used when a tooth has been very badly damaged, or it there is a serious aesthetic defect. Crowns are also installed on the dental implant, if the tooth is completely absent.

Typically, crown set if the crown of the tooth more than 70% destroyed. In this case, no longer is a question of what is better to install a seal or tab: the doctor clearly recommends installing a dental crown.

Dental crowns set in several stages. Initially, the survey is conducted tooth, then - the necessary treatment. In most cases, the doctor makes the decision about the removal of the nerve of the tooth. Next, the physician must determine what type of dental crown used in a particular case. Modern dentists set Metal . ceramic   and metal-ceramic crowns . In the process of selection of the material taken into account evidence of human wishes and the cost of a crown.

Crowns made of metal - this is the first type of dental crowns. However, these crowns are used today. They practiced their production of steel, titanium, platinum and gold. But if the chewing function of the tooth crowns are restored, from an aesthetic standpoint they are clearly losing the other options.

Metal-ceramic crown on the tooth - the most popular option that looks aesthetically pleasing, and provides the necessary strength of the tooth. The inside of a crown made of metal, and its outer part - a ceramic. How much is this crown depends on several factors, but it is the metal crown is considered mid-priced option.

All-ceramic crowns - the most expensive, but at the same time provide maximum aesthetics. However, they are not as strong as are made without the use of metal. But in recent years new technologies have improved the strength of such crowns. Besides ceramics - safest material from the viewpoint of biocompatibility.

Dental implants

Dental implants   It consists of two parts. This directly implant (screw of titanium, which is implanted in the jaw) and the abutment (link that binds the implant and a dental bridge or crown). These elements of high strength, and titanium, from which they are made, is neutral to the human body.

Dental implants are implanted in three stages. Initially installed in the patient's jaw titanium screw. The following healing period, after which the prosthetic implant abutment connection provides. The next step - is carrying out a kind of "merging" of the implant and bone. The last step is the production of a dental prosthesis and its adherence to the implant system. This type of prosthesis can restore the natural look of the teeth and restore chewing function.

Modern dental implants provide an opportunity to secure dentures, as well as to solve the difficult problems that often arise in removable prosthetics. In this case, the jaw is completely devoid of teeth can be implanted from 4 to 6 implants. Assessing the pros and cons when choosing a method of prosthesis, the doctor often decides what the best quality dental implants completely resolve the difficulties of the patient. In addition, the technology used can achieve what a person feels like a natural tooth prosthesis.

Before installing implants teeth, the doctor must perform the required inspection, it determines whether there are contraindications for such prosthetics. Taking into account all the individual characteristics of specialist to determine which implants are best used in a particular case. The operation to implant the implant is performed under local anesthesia, it lasts about one hour.

Dentures on implants can be used on up to 25 years. Restore a prosthesis difficult. A patient with such prostheses must carefully adhere to oral hygiene and do not forget about preventive dental visits.

It is impossible to carry out the implantation of implants at blood diseases . hypertension . coronary heart disease . diabetes . onokoboleznyah And when the deformed bite and severe diseases periodontal .

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)

October 2, 2011

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Riboflavin   - A water-soluble vitamin Which is one of the most important for human beings. Together with folic acid, this vitamin creates new blood cells, along with iron   It ensures its normal content in the body, and vitamin B2 prolongs the life cycle of red blood cells. Such interaction with other substances need to be considered when buying a multivitamin complexes.

Lack of vitamin B2 may adversely affect the condition of the skin, eyes, nervous system disorders, digestive system, cause mucous membranes, disrupt absorption in the gastrointestinal tract Provoke hair loss , lead to   insomnia , Growth retardation, slow mental reaction, an increase photosensitivity , Create a sense of   hurt one's eyes . This overdose of riboflavin practically impossible.

Among the main functions performed by vitamin B2, also known as riboflavin It is the following:

• Providing oxidation
• Maintaining energy metabolism
• Regeneration and recovery of body tissues
• Ensuring the synthesis of visual pigment that protects the eyes from sunlight
• Skin protection from germs
• It provides visual acuity

Products, the most rich in vitamin B2, are by-products (especially liver and kidney), eggs, yeast, most fungi, cereals (buckwheat, rice, purified, etc.), as well as products, fish (herring, mackerel, cod), especially among the vegetables can be identified broccoli, lettuce, cabbage, as well as many others. Meat, eggs, cheese, milk, almonds are also excellent sources of this vitamin.

The human body is not able to store vitamin B2, so its stock should be constantly replenished with food if it is not possible - with the help of vitamin tablets. Learn, do not eat you riboflavin above normal, is very simple: human urine, drinking the vitamin above normal once painted in bright yellow color, and often has a peculiar smell, it is almost impossible not to notice.

The use of additional vitamins from the pharmacy is necessary in cases of skin diseases and eye diseases , With poorly healing wounds At diabetes , Liver, gastrointestinal tract, anemias And during treatment with riboflavin deficiency and its prevention.

Interesting facts

In Russia there is a shortage of hard tablet form of vitamin B2. One of the plants that produce it for a long time ceased to do so, the other mainly manufactures injection, which is extremely inconvenient for continuous use by most people.

Riboflavin is widely used as a food dye, without causing injury, and vitamin enriched products. It dye E101.

But lately, more and more are beginning to use other colors, is not safe for humans. For example, tartrazine Which is banned in Norway and Austria, as well as quinoline yellow, do not get permission to use the United States and other chemical dyes.

Removal of teeth and tooth nerve

May 7, 2013

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Removal of a tooth   - Surgery under which a tooth extraction of the tooth alveoli. Indications for tooth extraction determines the dentist.

Indications

Determined emergency and planned indications for tooth extraction. Remove the tooth doctor urgently necessary to the development of acute purulent inflammation, which gradually affects the bone, as well as abscesses . sinusitis . phlegmons et al. The doctor determines that the conservative treatment of the tooth is not possible, or that the functional value it is not. Also, tooth extraction is practiced, if observed very strong toothaches are not treatable. Tooth extraction is carried out in case of longitudinal fracture, fracture of the crown when exposed pulp , If you can not restoration of the crown   orthopedic or by sealing.

Planned extraction is carried out in determining root canal impassable with radicular periodontitis   or cysts . Remove those teeth that can not save, moving teeth with periodontitis (3-4 degree of mobility), an atypical location of teeth, traumatic mucosa and affecting the function of speech and the process of eating.

The indication for removal of a fracture of the tooth root, finding the tooth to fracture the jaw line, the presence of tumors of the jaw. Teeth can be removed for orthodontic and orthopedic treatment.

There are also a number of contraindications for tooth extraction. This number of acute illnesses - hypertensive crisis . myocardial infarction . infectious diseases ; poor blood clotting (menstruating women), reception preparaov that reduce blood clotting, the first and the last trimester of pregnancy. If a person is diagnosed hemophilia Tooth it is removed only in the hospital.

Whenever possible, doctors try to avoid tooth extraction, as after his loss to gradually move other teeth. As a consequence, there are problems not only by chewing.

Before removing the tooth patient should always inform your doctor about what medications he takes, as well as to talk about chronic diseases.

If the physician determines the infection with the front tooth extraction, he may appoint a course of antibiotics. Take them must be strictly prescribed by a doctor.

The process of tooth extraction

Before removing the tooth made an X-ray to determine the location of the root of the tooth. Typically, during the removal of the tooth is used local anesthesia . During the procedure, the removal of teeth a person feels strong pressure, but no pain. Anesthesia effectively blocks the nerves. But if the pain during removal is still present, it is necessary to tell the doctor, who may make additional anesthesia. Anesthesia was performed using a drug delivery syringe. Sometimes a patient at his request can also offer sedatives in order to relieve stress.

Initially, the doctor separates the gum from the neck of the tooth with the help of special tools and imposes a forceps. Tongs are closed and locked in the correct position. Dentist determines further actions depending on the location of the number of roots. Multirooted   swinging teeth and single rooted   doctor cranks. Then the tooth is extracted from the alveoli. Sometimes multiroot teeth have to be cut into pieces and remove the roots of drill stages.

Complications

Failure to comply with the rules of care for the hole after removing the tooth from a man who removed a tooth can develop alveolitis   or Dry Hole . Sometimes a complication - a consequence of incomplete removal of the tooth, which is part of the root. Alveolitis develops in the second or fourth day after tooth extraction. Due to the loss of a blood clot in the hole becomes infected, resulting in the well there is a touch, pain.

Sometimes there is a long period of bleeding in people with diseases of the blood. In severe tooth extraction process can occur dislocation or removal of the adjacent tooth.

A rare complication is a fracture of the lower jaw, which occurs if tooth extraction is applied considerable force.

Removing the nerve of the tooth

Near the root of the tooth is the pulp - bunched nerve endings and blood vessels. The pulp is called the nerve of the tooth . It causes the pulp of the tooth reaction to stimuli. If the removal of the nerve of the tooth is made, then it stops the supply of blood and its mineralization. The tooth becomes "dead" and exhibits a low resistance to external influences. Patients often say and that they darkened the tooth, which is removed from the pulp.

Removal of the nerve of the tooth is made if the time was not cured caries And the patient develops pulpitis . Advanced stages of pulpitis - testimony to the removal of the nerve. Also, the pulp is removed at appreciable destruction of the tooth, a large cavity and with a constant and severe pain tooth.

Previously, removal of nerve actively used in dentistry arsenic Which was laid at a certain time in the slurry. The tooth is sealed with a temporary seal. In the process of how arsenic kill the nerve, the patient often felt pain. The subsequent cleaning channel is also often been very painful for the patient.

However, this method was not safe, as the arsenic - a strong poison, and the effects of the removal of the nerve of the tooth in this way could lead to a complete loss of the tooth.

Modern dentistry involves removing the nerve of the tooth during a single visit to the doctor. It is performed under local anesthesia. The pulp is removed using special tools for about an hour. Sometimes the doctor nevertheless decides to install temporary seals to make sure that the removal of the nerve was successful.

Sometimes the patient shows partial removal of the nerve, as practiced in case the inflammation spread only on the coronal part of the pulp. In such a case the tooth is opened and cut off a coronal part of the pulp. This method is often practiced when being treated molars of the child, as in this case, the tooth remains alive.

Sometimes, after a while depulpation patient can feel the pain that is associated with the process of treatment. In this case, doctors recommend repeatedly applied analgesics. It is important to note that when low-quality treatment of inflammation and pain will soon be resumed.

Removal of milk teeth

Removal of milk teeth - a very important event for both the child and parents. Modern dentistry is performed Remove milk tooth in children is very easy, without pain and anxiety of the patient. Still, parents should be aware that the rush to this procedure should not be. There are reasons, because of the removal of a baby tooth that is slightly defer. The roots of the deciduous teeth begin to gradually resolve the child around the age of three. Later, the teeth fall out naturally. The presence of milk teeth is the key to proper eruption of permanent teeth, and growth. In addition, early removal of milk teeth can delay the development of the jaw bone.

Premature baby tooth removal is considered, if not then a permanent tooth appears only after a year or more. If the tooth is removed before the eruption of permanent teeth can be chaotic, which later leads to a malocclusion.

Yet there are indications for removal of milk teeth. As an absolute indications determined strong tooth decay tooth decay, failure to treat the tooth, the emergence of a cyst at the root of a tooth or a fistula on the gums. If you are already noticeable permanent tooth, and milk did not even falter, it must also be removed. You also need to remove the milk tooth with pulpitis or periodontitis, a disease that did not affect the germ of the permanent tooth.

Relative indications   - A reel of the tooth, which is uncomfortable for the child, chronic periodontitis or pulp, tooth fractures.

Removal of deciduous teeth is performed under anesthesia only if there is a serious inflammation. If the tooth is already reeling, the doctor removes it easily without anesthesia.

But if the process of change of teeth is normal, then the doctors can not handle. The child can chew just give something solid. If the tooth fell out, the wound that remains need to be disinfected.

Actions after tooth extraction

After removing the tooth doctor tells the patient how to behave in order to avoid confusion. The first day after the removal - the most important. Immediately after the tooth has been removed, bleeding may continue. To stop it put in the hole cotton wool That must be firmly pressed. It is important that the site be sure to remove the tooth formed a blood clot, which protects against infection. Therefore, despite the pain after tooth extraction, rinse your mouth should not be during the day. You also can not eat hot food and drinks. Gums after tooth extraction may swell. It is easily removed by applying a cold cheek. By the way, after the extraction hole worse heals those who smoke. Alcoholic drinks   immediately after extraction is also undesirable to drink, since the alcohol can dissolve the blood clot.

If the removal of the tooth root was very difficult, after surgery pain can be very intense. With relatively not strong pain can apply analgesics that are sold without a prescription (such as ibuprofen, analgin). When severe pain doctor prescribes a more powerful tools that should be taken strictly according to its precepts. During the reception of such drugs is better not to be engaged in the affairs require special attention (such as driving a car). Also, in the early days can not avoid strong physical stress.

On the first day you need to brush your teeth so as not to affect the well brushed. Further, this process also needs to be gentle. Sleep with your head elevated to be. To do this, under the head can put an extra pillow. Hot tubs are forbidden on the first day.

One day after tooth extraction can rinse well brine . This procedure is carried out before bedtime and after meals.

If a person has a so-called " Dry Hole "Then after a few days the patient may be concerned about a dull ache, and out of the hole an unpleasant smell. In this case, it is necessary to consult a doctor and follow its recommendations. Usually, the doctor puts a bandage on the medicine well. The drug relieves pain. This bandage should be updated once a day. Sometimes wells are located on a surface portion of necrotic bone. A person can remove them yourself.

Healing may take several weeks, and sometimes months. It should be remembered that the quicker and easier removal of the tooth was carried out, the sooner will heal well and the less is the chance of complications. Sometimes, after a difficult tooth extraction is recommended to take anti-inflammatory drugs to avoid complications.

Young people heal faster wells than in the elderly. About three months after tooth extraction hole fills bone.

Mexican diet

July 8, 2011

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Just as other national and diet Mexican diet   quite specific, however, and it has its positive side. The main plus - this is what you feel the result of four days, after which your weight could be reduced by 3-4 kg. In addition, the Mexican diet is fairly cheap. Third, it can be used at almost any time of the year, whereas, for example, watermelon diet is only available in August, when there are natural watermelon. There she and negative - for someone can be very difficult to follow it. This becomes clear when we look at the menu.
Every day will be 3 meals :

On the first day you eat breakfast orange, a couple of hard-boiled eggs and a cup of unsweetened black coffee. Eight diners tricks prunes. Dining orange egg.

The second day breakfast - coffee and 50 grams of cheese. Lunch - orange egg. Dinner - average pear and 300 g kefir.
The third day starts with a cup of black tea. I dined with a cucumber tomato and 50 g of cheese. For dinner, just drink a glass of milk.

And finally, the last day of your breakfast muesli and juice, eating tomatoes, hard boiled eggs and cucumber, and dine a couple of oranges. If you follow this menu, the Mexican diet will provide excellent effect.

Child- "vodohleb": is this normal?

All of us from school biology course remember that the adult body consists of water by more than half, and the body of breast baby - more than 70%. Water scarcity is dangerous: in a while without food a person can live for weeks without a constant supply of water - no more than 2-4 days. And the more active the child is, the higher the demand for water.

Why is frequent thirst ?

The child - being very emotional. And emotions cause thirst : Remember how anxious people are often offered a drink of water to come into balance? And it is absolutely right and normal: replenishing fluid loss leads to normal people all systems of the body - the cardiovascular, nervous, digestive and others. From the amount of fluid you drink it depends on our mood, blood pressure, and other important factors. Alas, many of us, and especially children, need time to forget about drinking. What to do? Reminding! At the age of 4 to 6 years of age a child should drink every day about 1 liter of fluid. Children from 10 to 13 years - about 1, 2 liters of various beverages.

By the way, a glass of water - not the only way to defeat hunger. For instance, watermelon or cucumber also contain large amounts of water, and in the season can be a great source of not only high-quality liquid and mineral salts, and vitamins. And do not forget that in the hot season and sports activities (as well as during outdoor games) the need to drink may even double. Do not forget that a fluid deficit may reduce the concentration of the child, and more serious dehydration lead to extreme fatigue and even headaches. Therefore offer the child water is not only after exercise, but after it, and at the time - also.

What do you have in the glass?

The perfect drink that will fill all your fluid loss and it does not harm the health and figure, should not contain calories (or to keep them as small as possible). Therefore, the best thirst quencher - a mineral water. Whether you prefer carbonated or non-carbonated water: and she and the other an excellent job with thirst.

If for some reason you or your child do not like plain water, try fruit or herbal tea without sugar - they contain almost no calories and as well with thirst. Fruit juice - a great drink, besides containing vitamins and other useful components. Most children drink juices with great pleasure. However, we must not forget that fruits contain natural sugar, which provides a fairly high calorie juice. So try to choose the juice, to which was added an additional sugar (information about this is bound to have on the package), and even better - prefer juices, diluted with water. This can be simply independently juice mix with water in the proportions 1/3 and 2/3 water juice, or immediately buy dilute juice based beverage.

Alternate drinks! In the morning - cereal coffee, for dinner - juice and mineral water at lunch - a cup of tea ... Keep a bottle of mineral water or a thermos of hot drink and do not forget from time to time to do a few mouthfuls. It really will protect you and your children from many health problems.

How to teach your child to drink on a regular basis? In fact, it is not so difficult:

- Be sure to put on the table drinks during each meal;

- From time to time to remind your child that it is time to make a few sips of water or tea;

- Take a walk on the water, and let the child will own bottle. By the way, get him a personal water bottle for school, kindergarten, travel ...

Be careful with soda!

Of course, if you go shopping with your child and ask him to choose drinks - no doubt, he will fill the basket with colored soda and Coke: because these drinks are sweet and fragrant! Alas, precisely because of the fact that they are so sweet and fragrant, they can drink rarely and little. A huge amount of sugar (sometimes up to 40 grams per 100 ml of the drink!) Makes this a very high-calorie soda, also proved that they increase appetite, and as a result the person gets a lot more calories than you should. A coloring and flavors that are part of such beverages can not only cause allergies but also digestive disorders.

Milk - the food, not drink!

Attention all mothers and grandmothers in particular, seeking to "pour" in the child more valuable product - milk! Milk actually contains many useful substances, protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and mineral salts. It is quite rich in calories, improves mood and helps sleep at night, because the rich natural "sedative" - ​​theobromine. However, the milk - it is ... food, not drink! Therefore, if you are offered a child for breakfast or dinner, milk, be sure to also give a glass of water to make up the required amount of liquid. After the milk has a special emulsion structure and quenches thirst. By the way, the same goes for sour milk drink - kefir, sour milk and other things. Furthermore - some of which have a diuretic effect, and therefore require additional drinking receipt organism.

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Pischeblog Yulia Goncharova

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