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Medical statistics show that Oncology eyes It meets today quite rare. Yet the number of cases of eye cancer is increasing every year. When about ten years ago, oncologists have noted an average of ten to twelve cases of oncological diseases of the eye on a hundred thousand people, but now the figures have increased. Thus, the global statistics show that eye cancer It occurs in about twenty people per hundred thousand population. Another disappointing fact is that medical help people with cancer of the eye is drawn only when the disease has already turned into an incurable stage. Among the total number of patients recorded a lot of cases of eye cancer in children.
Causes of eye cancer
To date, experts can not ascertain all the causes that can trigger the development of malignant diseases of the eye. Therefore, the manifestation of the disease process can occur almost everyone. Unfortunately, cancer prevention eye impossible.
However, it noted that in some cases the development of eye cancer occur in people who have lived under extremely adverse from the point of view of ecology. Often in such cases, there is a genetic tendency to develop oncology eyes when disease affects several generations of one family. Moreover, if one generation is born completely healthy, the next may have observed serious violations. In this case, we are talking about is often too contaminated water consumed by people. Its members may include heavy metals which cause the cancer disease.
Another reason that leads to cancer eye is considered to be the impact of ultraviolet radiation. Therefore, people who are over 30 years old should not be exposed to direct sunlight for a long time. Do not be amiss to use in the summer of sunglasses, but their quality should be very high. This disease sometimes occurs on the background of developing HIV infection. Also, a tumor in the eye appears as metastases as a consequence of malignant disease of other organs.
Types of eye cancer
Oncology eyes can develop in different parts. Most often, cancer affects eyelid. In this case, the disease is preceded by some diseases, which are precancerous. It epithelioma Bowen . cutaneous horn . Kaposi's disease . actinic keratosis . Much less frequently, about 5-9% of cases, cancer neoplasm affected conjunctiva. Typically, progression of tumors occurs mostly in perilimbalnoy conjunctiva. Also relatively rare cancer affects the iris, choroid, ciliary body, the orbit of the eye. At advanced stages of cancer orbit disease can also affect the adjacent sinuses and skull
The people after forty years may appear lacrimal gland cancer, cancer of the sebaceous glands. Pee development of the latter type of eye cancers develop metastases may be remote, and regional.
There are several types of tumors of the eye and its appendages. In this case, doctors distinguish sarcoma . melanoma . carcinoma . retinoblastoma .
At sarcoma a malignant tumor develops mainly in the orbit of the eye. The main symptom in this type of cancer is considered the occurrence exophthalmos Increased rapidly over a short time - a few days or weeks. Patient violations occur in the mobility of the eyeball, he is concerned about the feeling of fullness and pain. May exhibit swelling of the century, gradually atrophied optic nerve. There are several types of Kaposi's eyes, the most often seen angiosarcoma sarcoma . rhabdomyosarcoma . fibrosarcoma . chondrosarcoma .
A very common disease of cancer is melanoma . This type of cancer is particularly dangerous for humans, because the disease progresses rapidly and quickly manifest metastases in other organs. Most melanomas occur in the ciliary body, choroid, the iris of the eye. For the diagnosis of tumors of the choroid and ciliary body requires special equipment, so vyvit this form of cancer is difficult. If there is a development of a tumor of the iris, a person often complains of constant irritation to the eyes, the appearance of pigment spots Which is growing very fast development Secondary glaucoma .
Very often, melanoma affected choroid. Initially, symptoms of eye tumor in this case did not appear. Anxiety patient appears only when the visual acuity decreases dramatically changes the field of view. In such cases, a person may deteriorate peripheral vision. Because of such tumors often manifest metastases in other organs. If it is not treated in time, it can result in death.
The most common cancer (according to various estimates, from 43 - 88% of all tumors of the eye) is carcinoma . The disease most often occurs in women who are over fifty years. Carcinoma is divided into Basal and squamous .
With the development of basal cell carcinoma eyes often occurs defeat the lower eyelid and the inner corner of the eye. If the patient does not go to the experts at the first symptoms of the disease, and the disease progresses, it gradually captures the orbit, eyeball, sinuses, deep divisions century. On examination, the patient and suspected basal cell carcinoma is marked "stearic" shade tumor pulling century. The development of basal cell carcinoma is possible in several ways: surface-sclerotic . breaking . nodular . peptic . Depending on the form of the type of cancer and its symptoms vary.
Less dangerous to the life of the patient is considered to be squamous tumor of the eye . This cancer does not cause symptoms mainly metastases. Tumors develop mainly in the place where the border and the mucosa of the lower eyelid epidermis and the inner corner of the eye. Initially, human skin century appears slight seal, which can have both ulcerative and nodular. After a while, it takes an increase, in the center of the seal there is the crust. If a person tries to remove it, the crust will bleed. Sometimes such a tumor grows to larger volumes and moves to the conjunctiva, skin of his cheek. Sometimes, metastases occur in the cervical, submandibular, preauricular lymph nodes.
Much less frequently diagnosed carcinoma of the sebaceous glands, which appears in the thickness of the century, and may eventually grow into the cartilage. With the development of the patient of the disease occur on the conjunctiva papillomatoznye sprawl pink and gray.
Retinoblastoma retina also called diktyoma . The tendency to this disease can be inherited, so retinoblastoma can be congenital. Consequently, most of this form of cancer diagnosed in the eyes of children under five.
To recognize retinoblastoma in children, should pay attention to its following characteristics: availability strabismus . mydriasis Manifestation Secondary glaucoma and Blindness . The reflection of light on the pupil of the patient's tumor shines whitish-yellow glow.
At the last stage of this form of eye cancer usually arises exophthalmos. For this phenomenon is characterized by forward displacement of the eyeball. Sometimes it may also be displaced in the direction, as occurs gradually in brain tumor invasion and orbit.
If this form of cancer are not diagnosed in the early stages and provide timely therapy, the progression of the disease can threaten a child's life. In the past, the development of this type of eye cancer treatment took place only by the removal of the eye. Today, however, there are other methods of therapy. In identifying the disease in its early stages is sometimes possible to do without surgery. In the later stages are carried out operations in which is possible to maintain the affected eye and vision. Therefore, it is important to regularly osuschestvlt preventive visits to a specialist ophthalmologist.
In practice, more often in patients diagnosed benign tumors of the eye. These are about 70% of tumors, but the danger is that they could very quickly degenerate into malignant. Therefore, these neoplasms is also advisable to remove. At the same time, entities that appear inside the eye, appear in 80% of the malignant cases.
Symptoms of eye cancer
It is important to note the fact that in the beginning of the disease symptoms of eye cancer occur very poorly. As a result, a person can simply tighten with a visit to the ophthalmologist. And it is fraught with further progression of cancer of the eye. Only with a sharp decrease in visual acuity of the patient can see a doctor. In turn skilled detects changes in the retina. With the development of oncology eyes man says pain. If the tumor grows into orbit, then there may be a symptom of exophthalmos. When this phenomenon is limited mobility of the eye and the eyeball bulges forward.
Complications of eye cancer
As the eye complications of oncology experts define the appearance of metastases in other tissues and organs. If in the process of developing the disease occurs protrusion of the eyeball, then the person is often seen Corneal syndrome . nesmykanie eye slit May dry out the cornea (conjunctival) , and severe pain .
Diagnosis of eye cancer
In the process of diagnostics of oncological diseases of the eye, it is important to gather medical history and conduct a survey of the patient. After that the doctor be sure to check the patient's visual acuity, field of view and defines inspects the eyeball. In addition, mandatory performed ophthalmoscopy - a detailed examination of the fundus. Equally important in the study is to conduct ultrasound eyeball and orbit. But the most informative method in the research process is to conduct a CT scan.
Treatment of eye cancer
To date, the treatment of eye cancer is done using a complex method. The attending physician approaches the issue destination treatment individually, depending on the situation, assigning chemotherapy . radiotherapy . surgical intervention . But the main point is to keep the patient's eyes and vision. To date, there are statistics that 75% of patients after treatment vision can not save.
The main point in the treatment of eye cancer is considered to be the earliest possible access to a doctor. The earlier treatment is started, the better the patient's chances to preserve vision. Therefore, the only possible way to prevent cancer of the eye is considered to regular inspection by an ophthalmologist and oftalmoonkologii.
Often the treatment of oncological diseases of the eye is used radiation therapy . In modern medicine, the practice of application of the method Brachytherapy At which the radiation source for suturing the eyeball during microsurgical operations. This method allows to achieve good results with relatively little damage to the eye tissue.
For large tumors and the presence of other features of the tumors are sometimes used to treat method radiosurgery . The essence of this method consists in irradiating photons using a linear accelerator.
If the patient has a tumor site very large, sometimes made the removal of the eyeball. In the future such patients is established prosthetic eyeball. If a patient diagnosed with a tumor of the orbit, it is advisable to conduct radical surgery to remove the tumor completely.
In the case of growths on the iris can be performed partial resection of the iris of the eye.
In cancer of the eyelid skin is advisable to use surgical intervention and follow blepharoplasty. If metastases have already spread to the lymph nodes, the patient is assigned to conduct lymphadenectomy .
There are other advanced therapies that are used depending on where it is localized to the tumor.
During the treatment the patient should carefully follow all the requirements of a doctor to use chemotherapy and continuously pass prescribed by a doctor studies. Also, patients should be aware that if choroidal melanoma often develop secondary tumors. Such formations may occur even several years after successful treatment.
Rehabilitation of eye cancer involves the use of plastic and reconstructive surgery. In some cases, such operations may be carried out simultaneously with the removal of the neoplasm.
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