Cholecystitis

April 15, 2012

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Cholecystitis   - Is an acute inflammatory process that occurs in human gallbladder.

Normally, the gall bladder has a volume that is 40-70 cm3. In human liver produces bile Which is necessary for digestion process. It is stored in the gallbladder. If the body is a violation of metabolic processes in the lumen of the gall bladder stones can occur, and at the same time the emergence of infectious inflammatory process is the development of acute cholecystitis.

Reasons cholecystitis

The most common cause of cholecystitis becomes microbes entering the body and their subsequent development. Cholecystitis can provoke streptococci . Escherichia coli . enterococci . staphylococci . That is why treatment Acute   or chronic cholecystitis   often applied reception antibiotics . Typically, the penetration of microorganisms into the gallbladder bile ducts occurs from the intestine. This phenomenon occurs as a result of insufficiency of the muscle fibers, which are separated from the intestine common bile duct. This is often observed as a consequence of dyskinesia of the gallbladder   and Biliary Too low secretory activity of the stomach, the high pressure in the duodenum.

Very often, the development of cholecystitis occurs as a result of violation of the outflow of bile. This can happen in a person who suffers from cholelithiasis . If the person has a gallbladder fire, they not only create a mechanical barrier to the outflow of bile, but also irritate the gallbladder wall. As a result, the gallbladder was initially developed aseptic And later - Microbial   inflammation of the gallbladder. Thus, the patient develops chronic cholecystitis, which periodically becomes aggravated.

However, bacteria may be in the gallbladder, hitting back with the flow of blood and lymph, as in the gallbladder of vascular net. In this regard, cholecystitis symptoms often occur in people who suffer from ailments of the intestine, the urogenital tract, or the presence of other foci of inflammation.

Sometimes provoke cholecystitis roundworm . Giardia , Choose liver injury   and gallbladder   and etc.

The symptoms of cholecystitis

The symptoms of cholecystitis clearly manifested at the earliest stages of the disease. Early manifestations of this disease are very diverse. They usually occur after a person has significantly violated his usual diet, such as eating a lot of spicy or high fat food, I drank quite a lot of alcohol, etc. This pain occurs initially at the top of the stomach and hands in the right hypochondrium. Pain can be either permanent or periodically accruing. Sometimes cholecystitis there is a very sharp pain that resembles biliary colic . As the symptoms of acute cholecystitis and possible occurrence of dyspeptic symptoms. It is bitter and metallic taste in the mouth, persistent nausea, regurgitation occurrence, flatulence . The person becomes very irritable, often suffers from insomnia.

Cholecystitis patient from time to time there is vomiting bile, but after such a vomiting easier it becomes. In addition, the symptoms of cholecystitis often show an increase in body temperature, increased heart beat, the patient may be slightly yellowing skin. There white coating, dry language.

If the disease is not treated immediately after the occurrence of the described symptoms may develop later peritonitis It is a very dangerous condition.

Chronic cholecystitis occurs mainly long-term, sometimes it can last for many years. Chronic cholecystitis can be subdivided into several varieties. With bezkamennom cholecystitis   in the lumen of the gallbladder stones are formed. In the same time calculous cholecystitis   characterized by the appearance in the lumen of bladder stones. Consequently, calculous cholecystitis - is a manifestation of gallstone disease.

The man with the periodically developing exacerbation alternating with remissions. Exacerbation of chronic forms of the disease, as a rule, are the result of eating too much junk food, alcohol abuse, physical overexertion, hypothermia, intestinal infections. In chronic cholecystitis manifest symptoms similar to those of the acute form of the disease. However, their intensity is less pronounced, the patient's condition is not so severe.

Diagnosing cholecystitis

Diagnostics specialist cholecystitis performed, primarily by asking the patient and explore its history. An analysis of the history and clinical course provides the necessary information for further research. Next, the patient is prescribed a special method of research, which is used for cholecystitis - duodenal intubation . This method is applied in the morning, because it is important to conduct such a study on an empty stomach.

In addition, patients with suspected cholecystitis if necessary, the cholecystography, ultrasound. Wires and clinical and biochemical analysis of blood.

It is also important to conduct a thorough bacteriological examination (for this planting is carried out bile). It is especially important to do this if the patient has reduced acid-forming function of the stomach. In the process of diagnosis holetsistitasleduet determine the physical and chemical properties of bile.

Chronic forms of the disease, it is important to differentiate from chronic cholangitis . cholelithiasis .

Complications of cholecystitis

As complications of the disease determine certain diseases that occur in parallel with cholecystitis, to join him. It chronic cholangitis . pancreatitis . hepatitis . Often it cholecystitis is the original cause of the gallstones .

Furthermore, the patient may develop secondary inflammation of the pancreas . In this case, the person feels as pain in the left upper quadrant. Diagnosis is inflammation through ultrasound.

Patients with calculous cholecystitis due to occlusion of the common bile duct may occur obstructive jaundice, followed by cholestasis . Also, complications are often cholecystitis dropsy   and ruptured gallbladder . Recent disease is very dangerous and difficult to therapy.

Treatment of cholecystitis

If the patient manifests acute cholecystitis, in most cases, he was immediately admitted to a surgical hospital. Basically cholecystitis treatment begins with the application of conservative therapy. It is important that the patient is constantly in a state of complete rest. Initially, the patient to eat food forbidden: his power is carried out by intravenous nutrient mixtures.

If there is a severe inflammation with relevant symptoms and irregular body temperature, the complex treatment of cholecystitis can go and receive broad-spectrum antibiotics. It is particularly important to appoint antibiotic therapy in elderly patients and people who suffer from diabetes.

At the stage of treatment of acute cholecystitis is primarily directed to the treatment of severe pain, reducing inflammation, and eliminating symptoms of intoxication. In the application of conservative treatment of the patient under close observation. And if improvement occurs, the patient continues to be treated by the conservative methods.

However, in the absence of the effect of such treatment is often the attending physician decides prompt intervention. If there is a suspicion of phlegmon gallbladder . gangrene . perforations . peritonitis , The operation is carried out urgently.

If a person is diagnosed calculous cholecystitis and therefore, in the gall bladder contains a fireplace, the treatment of the disease is a difficult task. Accordingly, the prognosis of the disease is getting worse.

When the form calculous cholecystitis often manifests very painful   hepatic colic . This phenomenon is in some ways resembles the symptoms of acute cholecystitis, but the patient is suffering from more intense pain. As a rule, such attacks begin at night or in the morning. A little later, the patient shows signs of jaundice: changing skin color, urine, mucous membranes. At the same calories a person acquires a light, sometimes white. When these symptoms hospitalization should be carried out immediately.

Treatment of chronic cholecystitis, primarily aimed at the stimulation of a discharge of bile, the elimination of spastic phenomena in the biliary tract and gall bladder. Also it carried out a series of measures that are designed to destroy the causative agent of the inflammation. When calculous cholecystitis and fragmentation of stones carried by different methods. Follow-up treatment and are aimed at preventing the emergence of new stones.

Prevention of cholecystitis

As preventive measures, which are used to prevent the symptoms of acute cholecystitis, it is important to adhere to all the hygienic measures of a general nature. The important point in this case is to follow the rules of good nutrition: Eating should be at one and the same time, at least four times a day, while the daily calorie amount of food should not be exceeded. You can not take a large amount of food for the night, especially those adversely affected by the meal, if there is a parallel with alcohol intake. Important preventive measure - drinking enough fluids each day. Need to drink at least one and a half to two liters of water or other drink, with drinking during the day should be distributed evenly.

Another important point - providing regular bowel movement. This process must be monitored to prevent the occurrence of biliary dyskinesia, as well as elimination cholesterol .

Experts recommend perodicheski spend fasting days, during which time should be used one type of products (eg, milk, apples, cheese, fruit, meat, etc.). Everyone should know what foods cause a allergic reaction and to exclude them from the diet.

In order to encourage the passage of bile is important every day to do gymnastics and stick to an active lifestyle in general.

In addition, it is important to time to take all steps to heal manifest inflammation of the abdominal cavity.

Diet for cholecystitis

And during treatment, and periods of remission in chronic disease patients showed a special diet   cholecystitis. Specially selected diet, subject to such a diet is aimed at stimulation of bile flow from the bladder and the suspension of the inflammatory process.

It is important that the diet consisted exclusively with cholecystitis digestible fats . In this case, the patient is suitable vegetable oil (sunflower oil, corn, olive), butter. These fats are stepping up the process of bile flow.

In addition, the diet to include foods containing large amounts of magnesium salts. This fruit, vegetables, buckwheat. They will not only accelerate the secretion of bile, but also relieve pain and spasms.

Diet for cholecystitis should not contain foods that are irritating: it broth of meat and fish, sauces, smoked, fatty foods, too sour and spicy food. You can not drink alcohol, very cold food and drinks. Excludes fried foods. It is important to stick to a proper diet, eating foods five times a day.

Diet for cholecystitis includes soups, lean meat and fish, biscuits made from wheat bread, scrambled eggs, boiled vegetables, cereals and dairy products. Fruit juices are also included in the diet, as well as the recommended use jelly sweets, cakes, jelly, jam, honey.