Fistula

April 1, 2012

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Fistula . fistula (from the Latin word translated as "tube") - is the channel that connects to the external environment or hollow organs or tumors connects to the cavity or surface of the body. As a rule, the fistula appears as a narrow channel, nestled epithelium .

To distinguish fistulas that appeared as a consequence of certain pathological processes, and fistulas, as a consequence of surgery carried out in order to take the contents of certain of the hollow body.

Fistula on the gums

Fistula on the gums   - A complication of chronic periodontitis Which occurs most frequently. If we evaluate the disease in terms of its gravity, it is considered the most dangerous, for rehabilitation after illness that lasts a long time, moreover, it is important to find out what triggered his manifestation.

Progression of the disease provokes proliferation of granulation. It is the connective tissue of a benign nature, which violates the healing process. At this point, the bacteria multiply, because then begins pus. If you start therapy in the early stages of the disease, then get rid of the disease can be relatively quickly.

But in the absence of adequate timely treatment of a fistula on the gums triggers the destruction of the gums around the tooth itself, and then the soft tissues, which are located nearby. With the development of fistula abundant pus and fluid from the blood. This granulation germinate under the alveolar bone (called bone bed of the tooth). Subsequently, this site is a violation of the mucosa, and as a result there is fistula passage.

The main danger of this disease is the possibility of soft tissue of the face. In the absence of adequate treatment comes sprouting out of the fistula: basically it goes through the cheek. As a result, the person has a significant defect in the face.

Another reason for the development of a fistula on the gums in man - the poor quality of treatment caries .

When the dentist means fill a tooth , It must be carefully cleaned a cavity, remove all parts of the tooth, which were affected by caries, and to disinfect. If an action was carried out poorly, then the infection is inside of the tooth, which had been sealed. The microorganisms are actively developing, and people suffering from pain and further inflammation around the gums.

Diagnosis of fistula on the gums holds dentist. But for a more detailed obssledovaniya features of the disease should be carried out X-ray examination. Indeed, during the visual inspection can not always determine how severe the disease is and what its scope at the moment. On x-ray, you can see how deeply impressed by the gum, whether pus in other areas, and has not begun any damage periosteum. Only the determination of all of these points can be assigned to competent treatment and to achieve effective results.

If a fistula on the gums appeared due periodontitis , It is necessary to fix the problem, first of all, treat the cause of disease. Initially, the doctor clears channels of carious tooth deposits, pus, then cleaned and treated with an antiseptic tooth cavity. After that, the doctor puts a seal. After the end of this phase of treatment of acute manifestations of the disease he is possible to partially muted. The next stage of disposal of the microorganisms to which a patient is prescribed special formulations as ointments and pastes.

Today, many use modern methods of treatment of a fistula: an ultrasonic method, laser treatment, cauterization current. Also mandatory is conducted drug therapy. At the same time appointed anti-inflammatory drugs are often used antibiotics .

If the fistula on the gums is a severe form, in this case the patient is assigned to surgery. Even if a person does not feel pain, pus comes out through the fistulous course, after a while all the pus gets into the periosteum. With the defeat of the periosteum of the operation should be done as quickly as possible. Therefore, the disease no pain is considered the most dangerous. With such development of the disease, doctors try to save the tooth to the patient and to avoid later pronounced defects gums. Also, the surgical treatment of a fistula is used when the granulation is growing too.

Therefore, it is important to seek help in time, because the correct approach to the treatment of fistula repair has been going on for a week.

For rehabilitation after the disease is faster, it recommended the use of some traditional methods. For example, it is recommended to rinse your mouth with a solution of salt, decoction of sage, chamomile, eucalyptus.

Fistula of rectum

Fistula of rectum   - A disease which is also called chronic paraproctitis In which there is inflammation in the anal crypt, adrectal tissue, mezhsfinkternom space. This forms the fistulous course, as an internal hole which acts affected the crypt. When fistula become infected from the intestinal lumen. In the course of purulent connective tissue forming the walls. As a rule, the external opening of the fistula openly in the crotch. The diameter of the fistula is in most cases not more than one millimeter. Rectal fistula often occurs as a phenomenon of post-operative, post-traumatic.

In most cases, rectal fistula manifested in humans after previously suffering acute abscess.

As a general rule, a person skilled in the art refers to complaints about the presence of a wound (which is Svishchev hole) near the anus. Usually in this constantly wound pus, ichor, so the person is experiencing a strong disadvantage. Often the selection is very strong, so as a result of their constant appearance of the skin next to the opening Svishchev itchy and irritated.

If complete fistula   and, accordingly, well-drained, the pain does not bother the person. It manifests itself in the incomplete internal fistula   rectum. Usually, the pain occurs during defecation, and after it begins to gradually subside. Most often, the disease is undulating course. Sometimes fistula acute inflammatory process in the tissue adrectal. Inflammation manifests as a result of occlusion of the fistulous granulation tissue or necrotic masses. As a result of such events occurs abscess Who later opened, and after emptying the patient's condition improves. But the wound still remains - it has a diameter no greater than one centimeter. Through this external opening of the fistula, and then comes out the pus.

During remission the patient feels no pain, and if he carefully observes all the rules of hygiene, the fistula at this time can not give him discomfort. However, during exacerbations of the condition worsens. In addition to the pain and inconvenience of education fistula patient suffering from asthenia, headache, sleep disorders. There may be problems with the psyche and potency   men.

In the presence of human rectal fistula complicated by the presence of infiltrates   and purulent cavities, acute happen often enough. Accordingly, the overall state of a person can be degraded. In addition, there are severe changes in local character may be deformed crotch, anal canal, vary the muscles that squeeze the anus. The result of all these phenomena - failure of the anal sphincter . Also, as a complication of the disease may occur pektenoz, which is characterized by the appearance of scars in the wall of the anal canal. If the fistula is not treated for many years, the disease can gain a malignant form.

Diagnosis of rectal fistula

Usually, the diagnosis of a fistula of the rectum is carried out after the patient refers to a specialist with relevant complaints. The doctor initially conducting an external examination, in which is found the outer opening (provided that the patient complete fistula). After that the palpation of the perineum and perianal area. Also, the doctor performs a digital rectal examination and anal canal. The specialist examines in detail the patient's medical history.

After that, the attending doctor prescribes conducting other studies: the fistula rectum applicable test with dye, sensing fistula. Also, each patient with fistula must necessarily pass sigmoidoscopy   to determine the state of the rectal mucosa, as well as the detection of other diseases.

Sometimes, as an auxiliary method of diagnosis using X-ray examination. It is also important to differentiate cysts from fistula adrectal fiber, actinomycosis and other types of fistulas.

Treatment of rectal fistula

The diagnosis of "rectal fistula" - a condition in which there is a direct indication for surgery. An important consideration in the treatment of rectal fistula is the time of the operation. The date of the operation, it is important to take into account the clinical course of the disease. So, if there is a worsening of the disease, and has formed an abscess, you must first conduct an autopsy abscess and eliminate the purulent process.

However, the operation should not be delayed for a long time, since the aggravation will be repeated periodically. As a consequence, there may be scarring and subsequent deformation of the perineum and anus.

If in the course of the fistula occur infiltration, the doctor prescribes a course of anti-inflammatory treatment of a fistula. In the course of treatment patients received antibiotics, physical therapy. After removing the patient is assigned to infiltrate surgery. However, the operation is performed only when the fistula open.

There are several different types of transactions that are assigned to patients in the rectal fistula. Thus, the possibility of dissection of the fistula into the lumen of the rectum, the excision of a fistula in the lumen of the colon, followed by opening and carrying out drainage streaks similar to the excision and suturing of fistula sphincter and others.

To select the optimal method of surgery, the doctor is guided by some point. First of all, does it matter where it is localized way through the fistula to the external anal sphincter. It is important to take into account, as far as the process developed scar, as well as whether there are purulent infiltrates and cavities in adrectal tissue.

It is important that the operation was conducted experienced specialist coloproctology in a specialized hospital. If there is a sharp exacerbation of chronic abscess, the emergency operation can be performed in a general surgical hospital. However, subsequent treatment should be carried out highly specialized physician in connection with a high risk of complications.

Most frequently in patients after surgery as complications of fistula recurrence occurs and can manifest failure of the anal sphincter. Recurrence of the disease arises from the wrong choice of method of operation, it improper conduct, as well as due to the occurrence of errors in the postoperative recovery of the patient.

As a rule, rectal fistula prognosis is favorable, if only we are not talking about fistulas, which are characterized by recurrent, prolonged inflammation, scarring in the sphincter, the intestine, adrectal tissue. Therefore, for the full treatment time, it is important to perform the surgery.

Preventing fistula

To ensure the prevention of fistula gingival important time to fix all the problems with your teeth and do it only with the help of professionals. There is a general rule that the examination by a dentist every man should take place twice a year. Also, at regular intervals (once every several years) must make diagnostic images of teeth which have been treated previously with a view to notify as soon as possible the chance of complications.

In addition, to prevent the formation of fistulas, it is important to maintain a proper level of immunity.