Singer Jasmine was not found

Popular singer Jasmine appeared before his fans was completely transformed. The actress was very thin and did not hide how she managed to achieve impressive results in the struggle for their own body.

singer Jasmine

The 2012th Jasmine gave birth to a daughter, the young husband, Moldovan businessmen, whom she married a year earlier. Pregnancy and childbirth have changed the appearance of the actress - she put on weight much, so when it appears on the public did not even recognize. Against the background of standard thin representatives of domestic show business singer stood out the most unflattering way: she wore baggy clothes, desperately hiding extra weight. Adhere to strict diets Jasmine did not want to, considering them inappropriate for a young mother. However, it was said that a celebrity is not easy going through this period, and even suffering from depression.

Now it seems that all the experiences of the appearance at the Jasmine in the past. Her figure took an amazing transformation and looks just perfect. The actress, who set out to lose weight hated, to be congratulated on his convincing victory.

In his official page on the social network Instagram Jasmine shared with subscribers photographs, which are clearly visible results of her hard work on himself. Slim waist, hands and face grown thin, curvy legs - the singer has something to be proud of her appearance was completely different.

Has evolved from a delicious plump in athletic beauty Jasmine helped sports. The pictures shows the artist enhanced training on simulators - in our opinion, is a great motivation for those who want to change for the better. (READ MORE)

Fitness

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77-year-old age bodibildersha notices

American Ernestine Shepherd in their 77 is one of the oldest bodibildersh planet. At the same time regularly engaged in the hall, she began only 56 years old, and then only on the advice of his sister Velvet.

bodibildersha

When my sister died of an aneurysm Brain in 1992, Ernestine was plunged into a deep depression, and forgot about classes faced with hypertension. But thanks to the moral support of the family woman again I started practicing, and sport allowed to quickly get rid of all the nasty symptoms. So, with the help of training, she won not only depression and hypertension, but heartburn and even higher cholesterol.

bodibildersha

Ernestine adheres to this tight schedule, which is unlikely to see in athletes younger than tripled. Each day bodibildersha   gets up in the middle of the third night, it runs for 16 kilometers on a treadmill track, and then goes to the gym, which carries out various exercises for two hours. Next to her on the next treadmill often trains 83-year-old husband Colin, with whom Ernestine more than 55 years.

bodibildersha

The diet of this amazing woman It is also able to surprise. It includes a few bottles of egg white, egg, chicken, vegetables and beans. The total daily Ernestine consumes 1 700 calories, following its motto "Dedication, perseverance, discipline help to play sports. "In this case, bodibildersha   not retired - she still working. A woman works a personal trainer at a local health club, Specializing in most age students. The oldest of them recently turned 89.

A resident of the US Baltimore proves an assertion that the years it's only numbers and nothing more. And you can begin to engage in virtually any age, and it It is sure to make you healthy and beautiful man. (READ MORE)

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Internet protects older people from depression

Internet use by as much as 30% reduction in the number of depression among the elderly. One can only educate seniors basics of computer handling.

Internet for the elderly

American scientists from the State University Michigan found that the more active older people Internet use , The rarely have marked depression. Internet pushes the boundaries, expanding communication, It allows you to discover new things, make friends and just fill Leisure something interesting. A major cause of depression in older people is loneliness, a flowing from his isolation. Unfortunately, viewing TV brightens up a little leisure time, as a kind of passive recreation. As for the Internet, it is much more actively involve people in communication.

6 years, scientists have observed the lives of thousands of Americans, published on retire. It turned out that internet access   30% reduces the likelihood of Development depression older   of people. "This is a very significant figures - said study author Shelia Cotten. - This effect is explained by the fact that the elderly continue to actively communicate, stay connected through social network, they do not feel lonely. "

Especially powerful positive effect was observed in Internet to older people who lived completely isolated - without spouses or other relatives. In this case, their risk of becoming victims depression seniors   It was the highest, but the Internet provides reliable prevention. The only thing that does not allow to make active use of the results studies in practice, so that the fact that the majority of the elderly (especially in Russia) are not compatible with either the Internet or the computer, assuming it all too complex science. A computer courses for seniors very poorly developed. (READ MORE)

Treatment and prevention

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Actress Catherine Vilkova pregnant again

At the premiere of the film "In sport, just the girls' 29-year-old film star came with markedly rounded belly. According to celebrity, she will give birth this spring.

Vilkova Lyubimov

On the second pregnancy Catherine Vilkova   I find out in November last year. This news caused the actress to change their plans, refusing to participate in the historical drama "death squads" for the role in which she even postriglas nalyso.

"For me, in the first place - the family and children. I do not want to age surrounded by boxes with their movies, so some, even a very tempting offer, I have to reject "- the movie star said in an interview.

According to media reports, Vilkova Catherine and her husband, actor Ilya Lyubimov, are not protected. "Children - flowers of life, and many of them can not be", - they say.

Star TV screen is very faithful. They met in the Orthodox church, and refrained from sexual intimacy until marriage and then followed the wedding. Wedding Lyubimov and Vilkova played in May 2011, but after 10 months the couple had a daughter, which the parents named Paul.

"What God gives children so much and will be," - he said at the premiere of the next Vilkova Russian comedy.

At the same time the eyes of the actress shone with happiness.

The fact of the topic:

On Wednesday it became known that fast replenishment of the family expects another famous couple. Alexei Chadov confirmed to reporters that his wife Agnes Ditkovskite is in position. Pregnant belly actress demonstrated during the demonstration of the film "Wii" in which the parents have played a major role. (READ MORE)

Pregnancy and Gynecology

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Firefighters killed no fires, and their clothes

Firefighters were significantly more likely the holder of the other professions face a variety of tumor diseases. That is the conclusion, scientists are increasingly coming.

Firefighters

These people on a daily basis and without any fluctuations perform something that is unlikely to be resolved any of us - they rush in burning buildings and save lives. But many firefighters do not die from the fire, and on what is to them for a long time already after the flame has extinguished. Several studies conducted in recently showed that the firefighters is particularly at risk in the threat of the development of various tumor diseases, especially lung, genito-urinary and digestive systems.

Some firefighters the incidence of cancer   testis twice higher than in the general population. Now scientists believe that the reason This effect is not only harmful to human health smoke, but also Numerous residual carcinogens that accumulate on the form firefighters   and that they breathe.

Inhalation of these substances is often It leads to serious consequences. That is why experts call for leadership fire departments more active use of modern methods of disinfection, install washing machines, and allow firefighters to change its shape at least several times a day. According to scientists, this can significantly reduce the incidence of cancer   people with such a noble profession.

but not all fire departments have at their disposal the necessary means hygiene, because many of their superiors did not even occur to the extent it is important for health. According to scientists it is a dirty form of impregnated harmful substances that firefighters breathe, causing a major impact on health and the lives of these wonderful people - more than the fires themselves. (READ MORE)

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Iridocyclitis

October 28, 2011

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Iridocyclitis   (from the Greek. iridos   - Iris, kykios   - Eye) - a disease in which inflamed Iris   and ciliary body   or the affected part of the anterior part of the vascular tract of the eye. The disease is more common in young adults, since 20 years, and can affect both or one eye.

The separate injury of the iris is diagnosed iritis And seized only if the inflammation ciliary body, it cyclitis . However, inflammation usually encompasses both structures.

Allocate endogenous iridocyclitis Resulting from the inclusion in the tissue of the iris and ciliary body pathogen - viruses . bacteria . fungi . Chlamydia   or toxins in tissues. Exogenous iridocyclitis   It occurs as a complication of a variety of inflammatory diseases of the cornea, and as a result of penetrating damage of the eyeball.

There are the following types of iridocyclitis:

• infectious ;
• Allergic   (infectious and noninfectious);
• posttraumatic   and postoperative ;
• systemic diseases.

In course of the disease, it is iridotsyklit sharp . subacute   and chronic . By the nature of inflammation share iridocyclitis serous . exudative . purulent . fibrinopurulent plastic   and haemorrhagic . All of them have different clinical picture, depending on the causes of the disease.

The main reasons are iridocyclitis various infectious diseases of the body - flu . tuberculosis . syphilis . herpes . leptospirosis . gonorrhea As well as eye injury, surgery on the eyeball. Sometimes the cause iridocyclitis may be pockets of chronic infection in diseases of the sinuses, tonsils, jaw. In such cases, prevention of iridocyclitis. Also, the disease can occur in systemic diseases of the body, such as the rheumatism . sarcoidosis . diabetes . These are called endogenous iridocyclitis.

More often, however iridocyclitis may occur as a result of penetration into the iris and sclera of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and also as a consequence of any inflammatory diseases of the eye (iridocyclitis exogenous). This contributes to the development of vascular net in the iris and ciliary body, which favors the development of harmful microorganisms. Aggravating factors are also trauma, hypothermia, excessive exercise, stress.

Symptoms iridocyclitis

In medical practice, there are the following symptoms iridocyclitis:

• pain in the eye and the temporal region;
• photophobia;
• watery eyes;
• redness of the eyeball;
• decreased visual acuity;
• narrows the pupil ( corestenoma ), It may be irregular in shape;
• change the pattern and color of the iris, drawing as it were "smoothed out";
• vitreous opacities;
• in the anterior chamber can appear fluid, which accumulates in the form of a crescent or strips with a gray or yellow content;
• in the presence of exudate   can form adhesions ( rear adhesions );
• changes in intraocular pressure.

When these symptoms should immediately go to the doctor, iridocyclitis timely diagnosis and initiation of treatment can cure it without complications.

Diagnosis iridocyclitis

Iridocyclitis Diagnosis is based on comprehensive examination, examination of the eyeball ( Biomicroscopy ) And to determine the patient's complaints. Appointed ophthalmology and immunological patient examination, general blood analysis X-rays of the sinuses, visit the dentist, endocrinologist, allergist and otolaryngologist.

Treatment of iridocyclitis

If you have identified in their symptoms iridocyclitis, you need as soon as possible go to the doctor. Treatment of the disease - a complex, held in the hospital. Proper treatment of iridocyclitis affects the inflammation in the iris and ciliary body, and the immunity of the patient.

Treatment typically begins with medications that expand the pupil and contribute to the removal of pain and prevent the development of adhesions. The structure consists of a drop antibiotics   broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory drugs ( Indomethacin . brufen   and etc.). Medications can also enter subkonyunktivalno, ie injections under a mucosa of the eyeball, as well as in the form of tablets or intravenously and intramuscularly. Also held specific therapy that is assigned depending on the cause of the disease.

In case of complications iridocyclitis apply immunomodulators   and cytostatics . In the form of physiotherapy the electrophoresis with antibiotics, adrenaline   and other substances. At elevated intraocular pressure in iridocyclitis also prescribed diuretics. Treatment of iridocyclitis continues until the disappearance of the choroid.

Prevention iridocyclitis

Disease prevention is timely treatment of various diseases, as well as the elimination of inflammatory lesions in the body. It is also important at the onset of symptoms immediately contact a doctor and not self-medicate.

Complications iridocyclitis

Possible complications include iridocyclitis spread inflammation in the cornea, retina and optic nerve. It is also possible imperforate pupil . inflammation of the optic nerve . retinal disinsertion . atrophy of the eyeball . blindness . But with timely treatment, the prognosis is favorable.

Nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism

May 7, 2011

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Nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism   - Diseases of the three of which are of the same nature. In order to better understand them, you must first remember what's inside the human eye. Recall that the eye acts as a collecting lens , I.e. the rays falling within a pass through the cornea and lens, whereby the refracted and collected on the retina.

That is the image focused on the retina, is perceived by us as what he saw. Accordingly, if a point of focus for some reason or other shifts, this leads to a change in vision. In one case, the person can clearly see distant objects, in another case, on the contrary, near. But the short-sightedness and far-sightedness, and astigmatism are violations of normal refraction, that is, the ability of the eye to light refraction.

So what changes in the refractive media can take place, and what they produce.

If the lens or cornea refracts light too, the rays converge on the retina is not, and in front of her. In this case, there is myopia, or as it is called, myopia . The same occurs when the eyeball receives an elongated shape, i.e. the retina "removed" from the focal point.

As a result, people are relatively well see what is near, as is reflected by the object a large number of rays and the image is relatively clear. But the sight distance is significantly reduced. Myopia is more common than hyperopia and astigmatism and is characteristic of occupational disease in humans is constantly working at the computer (so-called Computer Syndrome ).

There are several classifications of the disease eyes. One of them we have already mentioned: refractive   (the amplification refractive power of the cornea or lens) and axial   (changing the optical axis). Furthermore myopia, as well as other diseases, is divided into congenital   and purchased . When monitoring a patient in the dynamics of myopia is divided into progressive   and nonprogressive .

Farsightedness is the inverse properties. Instead of focusing on the retina, the light rays are collected in an imaginary point behind the retina, the retina appears to have a blurred image. Farsightedness, or as it is called, hypermetropia It has the same classification as myopia. However, unlike her person can see distant objects well, seeing everything in the vicinity of "blurred" form.

And finally, astigmatism   a situation in which different parts of the eye have different refractive power. That is, the light beams can not focus at a single point, as they are refracted at different ratio. Astigmatism may partly have the same properties as nearsightedness or farsightedness, depending on which way to change the refractive index.

To complete the coverage of this issue, we note another disease such as farsightedness age . The fact is that with age, the human eye loses its ability to accommodation that is fast setting sharpness of the image pickup objects in different contexts. As a result, close the eyes can not focus. Of course, although the age farsightedness and has similar features with the usual far-sightedness, is different from the name of a somewhat different nature of the disease. But do not mention it in this article would be a mistake.

Symptoms of nearsightedness, farsightedness and astigmatism

In principle, the main Symptoms of the diseases of the eye, we have already mentioned. So, the main symptoms of myopia is blurred vision at a great distance, the main symptoms of hyperopia - blurred perception of near objects, and astigmatism are characterized by symptoms of "floating" erratic vision.

Most often we see the deterioration of accident, when we can not read a book without glasses or vice versa, hardly distinguish driving up the number of transport. At this point, we can talk about what you have there is an eye disease that requires treatment. At the same time it is believed that some of the deviations from the norm are acceptable. For example, astigmatism, in which the difference of refractive powers in different parts make up one diopter, it is considered normal.

You quite able to define their own vision, using special tests with tables. Therefore we focus on the diagnosis of separately.

Diagnosis of refractive eye problems

The easiest and most common way of determining - tables . As you know, in these tables contain rows of letters of different sizes and a split ring, which is checked by the vision of people who do not know the alphabet. This test if done correctly determines nearsightedness or farsightedness on each eye separately.

All other methods of diagnosis more difficult. Instead of changing the size of the letters (i.e. the image) in some cases pick up additional correct lens which "returns" focus on the retina. By resorting to this method opticians in opticians, selecting appropriate points.

The other types of surveys, "studying" the elements of the eye, that is determined by the curvature of the cornea, pupil examination by precise lines in the expanded state and others.

Treatment of myopia, farsightedness and astigmatism

First of all, it should be understood that any of these three eye diseases is abnormalities in the shape or composition of the components of the eye. Therefore, drug therapy may have a short-term effect of improving and is purely preventive.

Thus, using atropine   or mezatona   You can expand the pupil which, of course, improve the clarity of vision. Thus, the application of pyracetam   or tsinozorina   dilates blood vessels, and improves circulation in the brain. But the positive effect goes with taking drugs. Vitamins allows you to remove minor symptoms of nearsightedness, farsightedness and astigmatism, but the complete cure, however.

The real action methods that can restore normal refraction correction involve violations. And of course, that we are talking about a correction, but not about the treatment of nearsightedness, farsightedness or astigmatism.

There are three methods of correction: spectacle . contact   and surgery . Points are assigned either in the early stages, or when more sophisticated methods are not applicable for one reason or another. Surgical correction is shown with a sharp worsening of the disease and its continuous progression.

Prevention of myopia, farsightedness and astigmatism

Myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism, in many cases could have been avoided if the patient follow certain simple rules. Their essence is reduced to the leveling action, threatening changes in optical instruments eyes, and exercises that strengthen these tools.

These exercises are quite simple and well known: fast switching focus from near objects for long, frequent blinking, the rotation of the eye, switching on the TV monitor or every 20 minutes be calm, not blinking objects.

If to add regular exercise control over their actions, that is read always with proper lighting and not lying, do not watch TV for hours on end, do not abuse addictions, protect eyes from damage, the problems with refraction can be avoided. Believe me, it's worth it, because apart from visual impairment can be a consequence of short-sightedness cataract And the disease is more dangerous.

Diabetic retinopathy

September 2, 2011

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Diabetes   It is one of the most common diseases, they suffer more than 5% of the world population. In diabetes patient blood sugar levels rise, which affects the state of all blood vessels in the body, as well as on vessels retinal . Retinal damage in diabetes is called diabetic retinopathy, which is the main cause of blindness and loss of efficiency.

In the development of the disease plays an important role age of the patient. If diabetes mellitus was diagnosed 30 years, the incidence of retinopathy increases: 10 years - 50% after 20 years - 75%. If the diabetes has begun after 30 years, retinopathy develops quickly and can occur in 5-7 years in 80% of cases. The disease affects both patients insulin And insulinnezavisimym type of diabetes .

Stages of diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy consists of several stages. The initial stage is called retinopathy neeproliferativnoy And characterized by the appearance microaneurysms That dilate the arteries, point hemorrhages in the eye in the form of dark spots round shape or shtrihoobraznyh bands appearance of ischemic areas of the retina, retinal edema in the macular region, as well as increased permeability and fragility of vessel walls. In this case, through the thinning vessels in the retina gets liquid part of blood, leading to the formation of edema. If this process is involved and the central part of the retina is observed reduced vision .

It should be noted that this form of diabetes can occur at any stage of the disease, and represents the initial stage of retinopathy. If it is not treated, there is a transition to the second stage of the disease.

The second stage of retinopathy - proliferative Which is accompanied by blood circulation in the retina, which leads to a deficiency of oxygen in the retina ( anoxaemia . ischemia ). To restore the oxygen the body creates new blood vessels (a process called neovascularization ). The newly formed vessels are damaged and bleed, causing blood enters the vitreous, retinal layers. As a result, there is floating haze in his eyes against the backdrop of reduced vision.

In the later stages of retinopathy by continuing the growth of new blood vessels and scar tissue may lead to retinal detachment and Development Glaucoma .

The primary cause of diabetic retinopathy is not enough insulin That leads to the accumulation of fructose   and sorbitol Contributing to high blood pressure, thickening of the capillary walls and narrowing of the lumen.

Symptoms of diabetic retinopathy

The main symptoms of retinopathy depends on the stage of the disease. Typically, patients complain of blurred vision, appearance of floating dark opacity in the eye   (midges), and a sharp loss of vision. Importantly, the sharpness of vision depends on the level of sugar in the blood. However, in the initial stages of retinopathy of visual disorders is practically not observed, so people with diabetes should have regular eye exam   to detect the first signs of the disease.

Diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy

People suffering from diabetes should have regular eye exams, so it is possible to identify the development of ocular complications in the early stages, and start early treatment. Diabetics should be under constant supervision of not only the therapist and endocrinologist, but also an ophthalmologist.

The diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy is placed on the basis of complaints of the patient on reduced vision and fundus examination with the help of ophthalmoscope . Ophthalmoscopy reveals pathological changes fundus. For ophthalmic research include determining the level of intraocular pressure, biomicroscopy of the anterior eye.

Besides fundus photographing is performed by funduskamery That allows you to document changes in the retina of the eye, and fluorescein angiography to determine the localization of the vessel from which the liquid is released and calls macular edema . Biomicroscopy lens is carried out using a slit lamp.

Treatment of diabetic retinopathy

Retinopathy Treatment depends on the severity of the disease and consists of a number of medical procedures.

In the initial stages of the disease recommended therapeutic treatment. In this case, appointed by prolonged use of drugs that reduce capillary fragility - angioprotectors   ( Dicynonum . parmidin . predian . doksium ), As well as the supervision and maintenance of blood sugar levels. For the prevention and treatment of vascular complications of retinopathy appointed as sulodexide . It is also used Vitamin P . E . ascorbic acid And antioxidants, for example, Strix , Which includes blueberry extract and beta-carotene. This drug strengthens the vascular net, protects against free radicals and improves vision.

If the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy shows major changes such as the formation of new blood vessels, swelling of the central area of ​​the retina, bleeding in the retina, it is necessary to promptly start the laser treatment and in advanced cases - to abdominal surgery .

In the case of the central zone of retinal edema ( macula ) And the formation of new blood vessels bleeding, requires laser coagulation of the retina . During this procedure, the laser energy is delivered directly to the damaged areas of the retina through the cornea, anterior chamber, lens and vitreous body without incisions.

The laser can also be used to cauterize retinal areas outside the central vision who experience oxygen starvation. In this case, the laser is destroyed ischemic process in the retina, resulting in new blood vessels were not formed. Also applying laser removes already formed pathological vessel that reduces edema.

Thus, the main task of laser coagulation of the retina - it prevent progression of the disease, and to achieve this is usually carried out several (on average 3-4) sessions coagulation That are performed at intervals of several days, and last for 30-40 minutes. During a session of laser coagulation may occur pain, which can be used when local anesthesia into the surrounding eye tissue.

A few months after the end of treatment appointed by carrying fluorescein angiography to determine the condition of the retina.

Cryocautery   Retinal performed if the patient observed strong changes in the fundus, a lot of fresh hemorrhage, newly formed blood vessels, and if laser photocoagulation or vitrectomy impossible.

If a patient develops non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy vitreous hemorrhage, which is not absorbed ( hemophthalmus ) Then assigned vitrectomy . It is advisable to carry out this operation in the early stages, which significantly reduces the risk of complications of diabetic retinopathy.

During vitrectomy doctor removes vitreous here and accumulated blood and replaces it with the saline solution (or silicone oil). At the same time the scars that cause tears and retinal detachment, and are cut by laser ( diatermokoagulyator ) To cauterize the bleeding vessels.

In the treatment of diseases such as diabetic retinopathy occupy a special place normalization of carbohydrate metabolism Since hyperglycemia   contributes to the progression of the disease. This occurs by the destination antidiabetic drugs . Also plays an important role and the normalization of the patient's diet.

Treatment of diabetic retinopathy should be conducted jointly by the ophthalmologist and the endocrinologist. With timely diagnosis and complex treatment has every chance to preserve vision and a full social and personal life.

Prevention of diabetic retinopathy

Prevention of retinopathy is to maintain normal blood sugar levels in diabetics, the optimal compensation of carbohydrate metabolism, blood pressure control, lipid metabolism correction. This allows you to reduce the possible complications of the eye.

Proper nutrition and regular exercise a positive influence on the general condition of patients with diabetes. It is also important to have regular checkups with a doctor-ophthalmologist. Timely prevention of diabetic retinopathy and eye disease in diabetes is very important. Since the late stages of the disease treatment is not effective. However, due to the fact that in the initial stages of retinopathy is not observed visual disturbances, patients seek help when it is already happening extensive hemorrhage and changes in the central area of ​​the retina.

Complications of diabetic retinopathy

The major complications of diabetic eye disease are traction retinal detachment , at ozniknovenie gemofalma , and secondary neovascular glaucoma Whose treatment requires surgical intervention.

Do I need a bandage after childbirth?

August 17, 2012

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Tighten the body and return to the forms, which pleased prenatal, dream of every new mother, who had just returned with the baby home from the hospital. Now she has to hear and read a lot of tips that somehow relate to the recovery period. And it is likely that the young mom, on the advice of friends, think about the need to wear   postpartum bandage .

Wearing a brace can not be called post-natal essential point in the individual "program" women postpartum recovery. Yet many experts as a recommendation expressing the view that a bandage helps restore more intense tone the abdominal muscles. And those women who have had a caesarean section, postpartum bandage will also help to secure a fresh seal and maintain the abdominal wall. Bondage contributes not only to protect the joints of the probability differences, but also allows a woman to move relatively freely without feeling pain. Furthermore, the bandage can noticeably reduce the load on the spine and reduce women often manifested as back pain.

Features of use of postnatal bandage

Before you go to the drugstore and buy postpartum bandage every mom should be sure to discuss the need for wearing it with your own physician. Also, be aware that the current band - it's not just a normal bandage as a belt, but other interesting models.

Before you buy a bandage, it is important to take into account all the existing indexes to use it - as cosmetic and medical. Besides bandage in some cases it is worn during pregnancy Starting around   fourth month of pregnancy . During this period the fruit begins to rapidly increase. But the desire to wear a bandage, be sure to inform the attending gynecologist - he has to make a decision on the advisability of this step, given the age of the woman, fetal position, especially mothers condition and other factors.

Neither during pregnancy or after childbirth impossible to bandage he wore all the time: it is worn strictly in a certain pattern. A pregnant woman needs to remove the bandage about half an hour after three hours of wearing. A woman who has given birth to a baby, it is necessary to use a bandage to combine with the complex post-natal exercises to strengthen the muscle tone of the uterus and abdomen. Sometimes gymnastic exercises can be performed in the shroud. After delivery, you must wear a brace for six to seven weeks, putting on it every day.

Types of tires

Today, women are encouraged Three types of bandages : Bandages for childbirths . postnatal bandage   and combined . The last option - the most versatile, as is suitable for use during the period of gestation and the baby, and in the recovery period after birth.

Prenatal bandage should be chosen so that it is in any case not to compress the stomach, and only supported the muscles anterior abdominal wall. It is especially important to wear a bandage women who nurture is not the first baby, since the subsequent pregnancy the muscles and skin are stretched intensely.

Postnatal bandage must always wear the women who do it recommends an obstetrician-gynecologist. But the doctor must take into account peculiarities of the female body and how leaked labor. Postnatal bandage is made of a dense and elastic material than prenatal bandage. It always present multilevel fasteners, as well as a dense paste on the abdomen and the elastic band at the top. Doctors recommend to buy a brace in the last weeks of pregnancy, and it can be worn almost immediately after birth, but only after doctor's permission. Postpartum bandage best buy in the last weeks of gestation baby. If the doctor does not prohibit, it can be worn on the day of delivery.

There are some contraindications for the use of the band. It should not be wearing those young mothers who underwent cesarean delivery (a ban on wearing the shroud occurs only in certain types of joints), as well as women suffering   diseases of the gastrointestinal tract . kidney (edema)   allergic   and skin   illnesses.

Combined tire - buy cheap and versatile, as it can be used in the post-natal week, by simply turning the other party.

Models of modern tires

Bandages worn after birth may be different models. Selecting a band should be based on wearing comfort and preferences of a young mother.

The traditional version of postpartum bandage is a bandage pant. It should be worn over underwear. In postpartum underwear Waist-bandage certainly overestimated waist, a wide belt, and on the lower back and abdomen - the insertion of an elastic material. In these shorts may be present below the clasp, which is more convenient.

Another type of post-natal band - elastic waist as a belt. This is one of the most popular models, as it is very comfortable to wear. This belt is worn on the lower back and fix it under the belly. This bandage has three joints, two - side, one - in front. Change the length of the joints, you can use Velcro. To strengthen the side joints, flexible rubber that allows to adjust the diameter of the band. Such a bandage is worn in the standing and lying down.

To ensure greater utyagivanie can be purchased postpartum bandage-grace. This bandage is too high waisted, side closure or bottom, multi-level, and in the abdominal area have thick paste. Choosing a band of this type, it is necessary to consider that also offered enhanced versions of the shroud-grace that pulls more strongly.

Special postnatal bandages are available for young mothers who underwent cesarean section. This may be a band-grace, which is fastened below the belt or velcro, width not exceeding 30 cm. It can help you properly secure the seam and maintain muscle. This bandage is desirable smack in the supine position.

After the operation, the bandage may also be worn configured as a skirt-belt. On the abdomen in such a dense shroud insert. Sometimes a woman needs to get a slimming effect for the buttocks and thighs. In this case, you can buy a suitable for this purpose bandage Bermuda. Such a product extension line hips, so visually it makes a woman more elegant, smoothing cellulite and hiding the presence of extra kilos. For ease of use in bemudah have lightning-clasp. And some Bermuda shorts and even have a zipper at the bottom.

How to choose a post-natal bandage

To select the optimal band after childbirth, a woman needs to consider some important points. Ties should be made of hygroscopic cloth that is well breathable. The most appropriate option in this case - the fabric that combines cotton, microfibre and lycra. The presence of the fasteners allow to vary the size.

It is equally important to choose the correct size of postpartum bandage. To do this, measure the circumference of the right thigh, waist. To avoid mistakes, it is necessary to measure the widest spot.

If a woman buys a conveyor belt, then it indicated sizes (S, M, L) correspond to the size lingerie. For a successful selection of the shroud in the form of shorts to the size of underwear you need to add on another pregnancy size. But women recruited during pregnancy more than twelve kilograms can buy postpartum bandage two sizes larger.

We should not forget that the bandage must be worn in different ways. Therefore, those mothers who are different activities, it is better to buy a bandage Belt.

Cost shroud often depends on how appealing looks this specific clothes. Yet the most important thing in choosing a band - its functionality: a "device" should support the quality belly to unload the spine, pull the skin. Color band - a private matter of each woman. But often, doctors are advised to stop the election on a white or light-colored product, as this will encourage a regular washing shroud.

To choose the right belt, preferably before making a purchase in a store to try on a few different models and talk to your doctor listening to his advice.

Perthes disease (aseptic necrosis of the femoral head)

May 7, 2013

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Perthes Disease   (completely this disease called Legg-Calve-Perthes ) - Is a relatively frequent pathology of the hip joint in children. Quiet hip disease , Which is observed in this disease primarily manifest in patients age - 3 to 15 . However, in adults and is a disease also occurs. In the course of its progression disturbed blood supply to the cartilage of the joint. Manifestation Necrosis   aseptic nature and has nothing to do with the influence of infections on the human body. Violation of the blood supply is temporary. However, under its influence tissue femoral head gradually die. As a consequence, there is irritation and inflammation. With Perthes' disease   most commonly it affected one joint, but in some cases it is possible and a bilateral joint damage.

About five times more likely Legg-Calve-Perthes   diagnosed in boys. At the same time this disease in girls is more severe. The first time a description of the disease appeared about a hundred years ago. Then, it was defined as a specific form Arthritis   hip joint in children.

Causes

Peters disease develops in a child when he observed some have congenital and acquired factors. The background on which appears necrosis of the femoral head, it is often the underdevelopment of the lumbar spinal cord ( myelodysplasia ). This part of the spinal cord provides innervation of the hip joints. This pathology can be congenital due to hereditary. It is observed in many children, it is determined by a few degrees of severity.

Mild myelodysplasia may remain undiagnosed during life. But the more severe disorders in the development of the spinal cord then become a cause of orthopedic diseases, including Perthes' disease.

When myelodysplasia structure of the hip joints is slightly different from the normal version. This pathology is expressed in children less and caliber of the nerves and blood vessels, resulting in decreased blood flow to the tissues of the joint. The investigation of the phenomenon - an insufficient supply of nutrients, as well as reducing the tone of the vascular wall.

But Perthes disease in the child begins to develop only if a complete cessation of blood supply to the femoral head. This may occur because of several factors. This injury leads to clamping of blood vessels, inflammation of the hip joint, which develops under the influence of the infection. The joint infection gets sometimes even with colds or other contagious illnesses.

As a result, blood flow is completely blocked, and the femoral head are formed foci of necrosis.

Symptoms

Aseptic necrosis of the femoral head in children is developing by stages. Provided Five stages of the disease . In the first phase developing aseptic necrosis, a second secondary compression fracture occurs. The third stage of Perthes' disease is a process of fragmentation and dispersal areas of dead spongy Tacna. At the fourth stage, the recovery, and the fifth secondary changes occur.

Consequently, the symptoms depend on the stage of the disease, the spread and degree of necrosis. In the first stage of the disease Perthes noticeable symptoms of the disease may not be marked, or they are minor. A child can talk about periodically manifested moderate pain in the hip or knee. Sometimes the children are marked changes in gait: it starts a little privolakivat leg.

If the disease develops further, then gradually deforms the femoral head, which in turn leads to changes in the biomechanical joint. As a consequence, the child begins to limp, suffers from joint pain or leg. And the pain and lameness appears from time to time, sometimes a period when the patient did not care, can last for weeks or months. Often the pain develops due to muscle spasm, which occurs due to irritation in the joint. The pain becomes more intense when driving, sometimes it moves to the groin, buttocks. Once the child rest in a state of rest, the pain becomes less pronounced.

If left untreated avascular necrosis of the femoral head, the subsequent period IMPRESSION fractures   in the area of ​​necrosis. Then the child of the affected limb is getting shorter, which significantly even during the visual inspection. The child gets tired during the walk, he has a pronounced limp.

At the same time in the first stage osteochondropathy femoral head is reversible, and provided a relatively small foci of necrosis and the rapid restoration of normal blood circulation disease can be cured, and not going into the stage of deformation of the femoral head. Therefore, at the slightest suspicion of such pathology should undergo a thorough examination.

Diagnostics

Determine the development of Perthes' disease in the initial stages allows carrying out X-ray examination. If necessary, the expert also appoints conducting magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound hip. Such methods allow for more information.

In some cases, to differentiate from other diseases assigned for laboratory studies. In the treatment of X-ray examinations are carried out several times to follow the dynamics of improvement.

Treatment

Perthes disease, identified in the diagnostic process, require specific treatment. Treatment in children involves periods immobilization   any restriction of motor activity. Once a child is diagnosed the disease as soon as it is necessary to adhere bed rest to avoid stress on the affected joint. Therefore, the patient can walk only with crutches. To provide centration Apply different orthotics. It is also practiced massage, physiotherapy. Usually, Perthes disease   children can be cured, and after about 2 years of a child can lead completely normal lives without reason to take any motor limitations.

Practice more intensive process of treating the girls, but boys worse prognosis for recovery and the effects of the disease.

If you have children in the age group of 2 to 6 years, the survey results indicate weakly expressed signs of the disease, the treatment of Perthes' disease is only in the observation. If the symptoms of the disease have been reported in children at an older age, is held in a certain therapy, depending on the individual characteristics of the disease.

Perthes disease in adults treated with all the individual characteristics   - Age, comorbidities, severity. However, in adult disease leads to irreversible changes which result can sometimes even be disabled. In adults most often practiced surgical treatment. In the early stages of the disease is carried out tunneling of the femoral head, and in severe cases, may conduct arthroplasty .

Treatment of Perthes' disease in children, doctors are trying to carry out with the help of non-surgical methods. In order to reduce inflammation in the hip assigned treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Sometimes these drugs can take a child for several months. But the doctor periodically conducts a study tracking how extensively restored tissue. In the process of restoring the child shows the execution of simple exercises from a special complex of physiotherapy.

Sometimes, the doctor decides to use the cast, which can be used to hold the femoral head in the acetabulum. It is used so-called Headband Petri . This two-sided patch of plaster, which is applied to both feet. In the middle of the dressing is a wooden beam, which gives the opportunity to keep your feet divorced position. Such a bandage for the first time applied to the patient in the operating room.

Surgical treatment   It allows you to restore the hip bones of a normal location. To do this, the surgeon carries out the necessary manipulations. After surgery, the patient bandage corset made of gypsum, which is to be worn for about two months. After removing the plaster cast is assigned a set of physiotherapy with a minimum load on the hip joint.

Preventive measures aimed at avoiding prevention of Perthes' disease in children and adults, does not exist. But it is very important to diagnose the disease as early as possible and to provide the right treatment. In this case, therapy will be most effective.

Postnatal exercises

August 8th, 2012

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At that time, when a woman for nine months nurturing the future baby, there is a substantial restructuring of almost all the systems of its organism. Due to the increased load and the total hormonal changes increases the weight of the woman, and eventually after childbirth extra weight in the young mothers remain.

No doubt, every young mother wants as quickly as possible to return to the previous form. But in the post-partum body is weakened, there is an inverse rearrangement of all the systems, and very often to return to former weight must not only limit themselves in power, but also to provide enough physical activity.

In general, post-partum period lasts about eight weeks, at this time of restructuring of the body is most active. In view of such a high voltage doctors advise practicing too active physical stress during this time. But still postpartum gymnastics It can be gradually introduced in the way of life of a young mother from the very first weeks. The main condition - the exercise in the first days after delivery should be as gentle and fashionable load increased gradually from day to day.

The basic rules of postpartum gymnastics

Optimally to begin to play sports after birth only after consultation with your doctor, he will be able to determine whether the normal recovery process takes place, and tell you exactly what exercises you can practice right now, and what is better to avoid stress.

Founded challenge facing the woman who intends to gradually introduce routine postnatal gymnastics - is the restoration of posture, gait, the return of normal tone of muscles that have lost elasticity in the period pregnancy   (in particular, we are talking about the muscles of the pelvic floor and abdominal muscles).

Also exercises after childbirth contributes to return to the normal position of the pelvis and abdomen, activates blood circulation, breathing, it helps to normalize the condition of the nervous system.

To postpartum exercises bring maximum benefit of the young mother and contributed to both physical and emotional recovery, you should consider several important points.

From day to do the exercises, you need to go from simple to complex, gradually increasing the load. It is advisable to perform daily set of exercises, which at least a little different from the previous one. Boring gymnastics, monotonously repeated from day to day, can have a negative impact on the general condition of the body and bring the effect in terms of weight loss. In addition, a high risk that such sessions can simply annoy the young mother.

In the first weeks of training exercises to be performed every day. When the intensity of exercise and the total duration of employment to increase significantly the number of such training can be reduced to 3 times a week.

Recently, a woman who gave birth to the child must perform all movements smoothly and slowly, if necessary, you should immediately make a short stop and catch your breath.

For the training you need to find the right clothes - comfortable, do not hesitate body. The exercises in the supine position should be done while lying on a flat floor surface. Before training is important to thoroughly ventilate the room, that during exercise a woman deep breath clean and fresh air.

Before proceeding to the gym, the young mother should empty the bladder and bowels. It is advisable to thoughtfully approach the training time: optimal to do a set of exercises for about one hour before meals and after being passed-feeding a baby. The fact is that in the process of going on to develop intensive loads lactic acid That can change the flavor of milk quality. At too high physical activity can be slightly reduced milk production. It is therefore recommended and during physical exercise and after exercise drink plenty of fluids - preferably ordinary clean water.

In the period after the birth, preferred types of motor activity are walking with a stroller, swimming. In winter you can ski and skate. But with strength training, cycling, running, and extreme exercise and sports advisable to wait at least a few months.

Exercises of complex post-natal gymnastics in the first days after birth

Whichever set of exercises has not chosen a young mother, before proceeding to the main part of it, you must do a little five-minute warm-up. If a woman has been at least an hour, then warm-up may take up to ten minutes.

The beginning of the warm-up can be deep breathing - some very deep breaths. This is followed by stretching: to pull up and then bend down and touch the floor with your fingers. The workout can include a wide flapping his arms in different directions, up and down steps on the ground.

Almost the next day after the birth of a baby in the absence of complications and well-being newly formed mother can do simple exercises.

In the supine position may be a few minutes to twist arms at face level, originally imitating washing. In the same position is necessary preloading feet alternately, sliding them over the floor surface.

In the supine position should be lifted up the pelvis. At the same time the legs bent at the knees, and his hands are behind his head. You can sit down several times from a prone position, at the same time waving his hands, try to reach out to the toes. It is also recommended to perform gentle movements, making the "bicycle". Then you can roll over on his stomach and clasped his hands under his chin, lift the legs alternately, a little holding them in position on the weight. In turn raise your feet up as you can, standing on all fours. All exercises are performed ten times. After that, ten to fifteen times to compress and decompress toes. These simple exercises are useful for preventing the development of thrombosis And training for the weakened abdominal muscles.

There are other complexes postnatal exercises that you can practice the next day after the grand event in the life of the mother. A very useful exercise, in which the practice deep breathing. It is important that in the process of inhalation and exhalation was involved in the lower abdomen.

For the first exercise to take the position of lying on your back and bend both legs at the knees. Hands lie on your stomach. Breathe made nose, slowly exhale - mouth. With a deep breath the stomach should be ironed in the direction from the bottom to the navel. It is important that the stomach was not made pressure movement should be light. This exercise is repeated 15-20 times. After that, a woman must roll over on his stomach. To make it easier to lay, belly is enclosed by a small cushion. Breathing is performed underbelly, it should be as deep. When should exhale, the pelvis moves up. Such exercises contribute to improvement of the cardiovascular system of women, activate blood circulation, stimulate metabolism . In addition, when the breathing exercises for a few weeks, you can perfectly prepare the muscles for further more intensive loads. The total duration of the gym in the first days after childbirth should not exceed 10-15 minutes. But to perform such simple workout several times a day. But it is imperative that a woman in any case not trained in the first days after birth too intense: overwork can not categorically.

Women who have suffered   cesarean section You should wait with physical activity as long as the light is not allowed to do gymnastics physician.

Already in the nursing home a young mother has to recall the so-called Kegel exercises . To properly perform this exercise, the muscles of the pelvic floor is necessary to draw on the inhalation and exhalation to relax. Exercising after delivery   It must necessarily include this exercise, because it is very important to restore the elasticity of the muscles of the vagina. To tone muscles recover as quickly as possible, this exercise should be repeated every day at least a hundred times, doing it in a number of approaches during the day.

All of the exercises can be varied in its sole discretion. It is not necessary to carry out those that cause persistent discomfort. The main thing is to bring the pleasure of activity and after it a feeling of cheerfulness, and not fatigue.

Exercises of complex post-natal exercises in the recovery period

Around the third week may be introduced into the complex gymnastics after birth more complex exercises that promote muscle tone of the body. It is advisable to diversify the set of exercises in the supine position. For example, you can perform alternate leg lifting: straightening the leg up, a woman can hold the leg in this position and work the toe, alternately pulling him in and pulling back. On the next leg lifts to do rotational movements. Lifting each leg repeat 15-20 times.

In supine arms extended along the body. Feet on the exhalation should be tightened to the chest alternately. Exercise is repeated on each leg 6 times. After the end of the approach should be to straighten up, stretched into a string: socks are pulled in one direction, the fingers - to another.

Lying in the prone position, hands should be folded under the forehead with the back side. Exhaling, lift up your upper body. The hands are pressed to the floor. Head cast is impossible: it is on one line with the spine. The rise is repeated 6-7 times.

It is useful to introduce a common set of postpartum gymnastics exercise known to all "cat": to execute it, you need to get on all fours and a maximum bend in the back, rounding it. In carrying out this exercise, it should also involve the muscles of the perineum.

On all fours it is also performed exercise that strengthens the muscle tone of the perineum and abdomen at the same time. To do this, go down to the elbows, exhale and bring together the blade. On the inhale blades are divorced, and the back is rounded as possible, as in the case of implementation of the "cat". Being in such a position should be possible to draw the crotch and abdomen. On the exhale should be maximum relaxation.

Another exercise should be done while sitting in a chair. Thus it is necessary to straighten the back as much as possible and involve the stomach. Feet are placed about shoulder width apart. In this position, run side bends. In this hand you need to reach to the floor. Lean should be 6-7 times in each direction. However, women who at birth had stitches on the crotch area, sitting exercise is best not to perform a few more weeks. Tilted to the side and can turn from a standing position: this exercise contributes to the formation of the waist line.

In a standing position, you can make any simple exercises designed to exercise the abdominal muscles, arms, legs. Useful exercises involving the pelvis movement, for example, standing on the knees slightly bent legs (the legs together), you should shake his hips back and forth, to draw a circle in the one and the other side. When rotational motion is necessary to try to involve much belly. On the inhale you must stop, exhale - continue to move forward.

After the exercise program should be little rest, lying on the floor on your stomach or back. In this breathing should be very deep.

At home, it is useful to include in a common set of postpartum gymnastics some exercises with dumbbells. The so-called resistant exercises to strengthen the muscles performed with light weights (their weight should not exceed 1 kg).

In addition, the coming 6-8 weeks postpartum, you can perform full drill press (to sit in the prone position), push-ups from the floor.

Another option is quite a fun post-natal exercises - exercises with the baby and dad. While the child is small, it can be a kind of "shell": the baby can be raised on legs bent, squat with backpack-kangaroo, which sits baby. And then the baby will gradually get used to the fact that regular exercise - is the norm. Besides lessons with his mother always pleasing rapidly growing child.

Changes in speech

December 4, 2013

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Speech unit a person consists of several levels. Initially formation occurs in speech the speech center, which is located in the temporal lobe of the brain of the dominant hemisphere. Further, the formation of speech define those brain centers that are responsible for voluntary movement. Then transmitted through nerve fibers to the muscles of excitement larynx . language . throat . lips . cheeks . There is muscle movement, which, together with the air flow in the upper respiratory tract determines the final formation of human speech.

As changes occur speech?

Due to various diseases speech changes can occur due to malfunction or any stages of the formation of speech. Depending on how serious the damage is manifested the intensity of speech disorders .

No matter how serious speech disorder observed in humans, it is necessary to immediately consult a doctor. Manifest violation depend on the characteristics and the level of destruction.

Changes in speech, which is due to abnormalities in functioning of the nervous system, called aphasia . This person demonstrates a complete lack of understanding of how grammatical And lexical structure of the language . Being in the mind, it can not properly build their phrases and does not understand what he is told. Typically, such a speech disorder associated with disturbances in cerebral cortex, which are associated with injuries . inflammations . tumors . vascular pathologies As well as atrophic process . Aphasia is sometimes observed in some psychiatric diseases.

With dysarthria   the articulation of a person is violated, it can not fully answer, as the lips and tongue " I do not listen ". As a consequence, there is no clarity in the speech, the certainty, the patient speaks as if he had something stuffed his mouth. Dysarthria is associated with impaired neuromuscular transmission, as in this case, can we talk about violations of the central and peripheral nervous system. Such a violation is typical for both adults and children.

Dysphonia   - The change of speech, which is characterized by the manifestation hoarseness and voice crackling. St. Zuchary's disease   determined by a person in the event that it had completely absent.

Diagnosis " alalia "Set the child if it had not entirely. This pathology is associated with damage to the speech areas of the cerebral cortex that occur during fetal development. Alalia about two times more common in boys. This disorder is associated with chronic diseases like mother and violations of pregnancy, injuries, poisoning, and others. In severe forms alalia it is completely absent, with light - occurs in part.

In all cases, to pinpoint particular speech disorders and to establish the correct diagnosis can only be a doctor.

Why change the speech appear?

All changes of speech, which are observed in humans are associated with a specific disease. Aphasia is a consequence of traumatic brain injury, stroke, serious infectious lesions, poisonings. Such a speech disorder is often observed in people with Alzheimer . Pick's .

Ataxophemia   - A consequence of damage zadnelobnyh and subcortical regions of the brain. Dysarthria is common in people who have suffered stroke . Change of this type of speech is typical for Chiari anomaly . vascular aneurysm . polymyositis . Guillain-Barre syndrome . myasthenia and others. When these diseases are sometimes observed and dysphonia. However, dysphonia is frequently observed in people suffering from diseases larynx . throat . oral . Such diseases defines otolaryngologist So when hoarseness and crackling in the first place you need to visit the specialist.

St. Zuchary's disease   - A symptom characteristic of mental illness. It may be completely absent in people with schizophrenia . hysteria , Severe depression . Sometimes accompanied by mutism epilepsy . In this case, the absence of speech is associated with dysfunction of the central nervous system. Such a change of speech is often the result of a serious nervous breakdown, mental health injuries. So, mutism can occur in humans as a result of major disasters, the loss of loved ones and other shocks.

Failures in speech development of a child depends on how serious these lesions, as well as age. Changes in speech may be associated with injuries sustained during childbirth, or injuries that the child has received later. Often, a child develops physically normal, but he appears alalia, that is, his speech remains undeveloped.

In addition to these reasons for changes in the speech of different types occur in patients Parkinson's disease . hyperkinetic dysarthria ( hoarseness . violation of articulation ) Tourette's syndrome . diabetes . alcoholism . Speech disorders occur as a result of the defeat motor neuron . damage to the trigeminal nerve . facial nerve . vagus nerve . hypoglossal nerve .

How to get rid of changes in speech?

Treatment changes manifested speech is carried out depending on the disease being triggered manifestation of the symptom. Therefore, initially, it is important to conduct a thorough diagnosis and determine the nature of such violations. In modern medicine practiced pharmacological . speech therapy . Surgical . Physiotherapy   treatment of such pathologies. In most cases, practiced complex therapy.

People who have been diagnosed St. Zuchary's disease , Requires very meticulous care. It is important to constantly strive to " get talking "Man, save him from muteness and deafness. For this purpose, you can try to use a variety of gestures, facial expressions, write words or draw. What to do in a particular case, tell the doctor. Your doctor may prescribe treatment mutism with medication in a specific pattern.

Treating children who have observed changes in speech, conduct relevant specialists, depending on the causes of speech problems. At a delay of speech development should be directed to child psychologist . Often, however, problems with speech allows correct treatment at specialist speech therapy . Prolonged treatment is necessary for those children who have speech marked changes associated with neurological problems. Sometimes disorders fade with age. But any disturbances of speech in the child's parents must pay attention to it and consult a specialist immediately.

Ketonal

Description overdue on 27.09.2011

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The main ingredient - Ketoprofen . It refers to a group NSAIDs . It has anti-inflammatory, analgesic (central and peripheral mechanisms) and antipyretic effects. Ketotifen has antibradikinnovoy inhibitory activity lipoxygenase It stabilizes lysosomal membranes, inhibits the activity neutrophil   patients rheumatoid arthritis . Ketonal binds to proteins of blood for 99% ( albumin ). Ketoprofen easily penetrates into connective tissue, synovial fluid. Desired therapeutic concentration of drug in the synovial fluid accumulates after 15 min. Ketonala after intramuscular administration in a dose of 100 mg. The drug is metabolized in the liver. The half-life of 1, 6-1, 9 hours. 99% PM outputted via the renal system, of about 1% - faeces.

Dosage Form:

Capsules (opaque), tablets, suppositories, vials, cream.

Indications:

Ketonal effectively relieves pain syndrome : In the postoperative period after traumatic injuries. The drug is used in renal colic, gynecology, neurology, dentistry, oncology. Anti-inflammatory effects in rheumatoid arthritis . osteoarthritis . nonspecific spondylitis . articular rheumatism . gouty arthritis . The drug is prescribed externally for sciatica, synovitis, sciatica, myalgia, tenosynovitis, sprains, strains, bursitis, bruises, phlebitis, lymphangitis, thrombophlebitis   superficial veins.

Contraindications:

Pronounced irregularities in the renal system, liver, gastrointestinal tract, disorders of the blood, pregnancy, proctitis, hemorrhoids (using a suppository), bronchospasm, allergic to ketotifen, acetylsalicylic acid.

Side effect:

Gastrointestinal tract : Dyspepsia, epigastric pain, flatulence In rare cases - bleeding.

Central nervous system : Drowsiness, dizziness, migraine , noise in ears.

Locally : Tenesmus, burning sensation, diarrhea, allergies, fatigue, transient dysuria.

Overdose:

Cases of drug overdose Ketonal not observed. There is no specific antidote. Treatment is symptomatic.

Special instructions:

Precautions Ketonal prescribed for diseases of the liver, renal system, ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, the propensity to allergies, asthma, heart failure. When applying the cream to avoid the affected skin, open wounds, mucous membranes and eyes. During treatment, it is forbidden to drink alcohol. Ketonal reduces the speed of psychomotor reactions, operate machinery, driving vehicles to defer the period of treatment. Parenteral therapy   drug last several days. Upon reaching the desired effect ketonal continue to take the form of tablets, capsules, suppositories. The cream is applied 2-3 times a day with a thin layer on the skin over the lesion, gently rubbing the drug. The duration of treatment is 2 weeks (over - on doctor's advice).

The solution for infusion: the infusion solution vials of the drug due to increased sensitivity kept wrapped in foil or dark paper. Infusions are assigned solely in a hospital: the infusion on average - ½ h, a maximum - 48 hours. The dose of ketotifen is not more than 300 mg. Ketonal can be administered in combination with analgesic drugs of the central action.

Drug Interactions:

Diuretics, aspirin, drugs lithium NSAIDs, Methotrexate , Antihypertensive drugs, antidiabetic drugs administered simultaneously with Ketonalom strictly according to need and in smaller doses.

Ovarian cyst

September 2, 2012

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Ovarian cyst   of its structure is a cavity in which there is the liquid contents. The emergence of such a cavity occurs as a result of fluid retention and its increased secretion. Actually, the word " cyst "Comes from Greek and means" bubble ". Cyst wall forms a small layer of cells which also secrete fluid. Accordingly, a cyst on the ovary is gradually increasing.

Features of ovarian cysts

Cyst - a benign, but in some rare cases, a cyst is a sign that a woman develops ovarian cancer . Some cysts are congenital. An example of this - dermoid cyst of the ovary . Yet in most cases, ovarian cysts on already manifest in life. Usually the cyst is a cavity which has a diameter of about 15-20 centimeters.

Basically a cyst on the ovary diagnosed in young girls and women. Those women who have attained 50 years, much less likely to suffer from ovarian cysts. According to the statistics, which doctors say, about a third of the cyst occurs in women who have a menstrual cycle is regular. About half the cyst seen in women who have chronically irregular menstruation.

Cysts can be formed in two different ways: as a result of blockage of ductless glands and the subsequent accumulation of secretions, as well as in the case of formation of a new oral fluid. Almost all tissues of the body can undergo transformation into the cyst.

Types of ovarian cysts

Cysts are usually subdivided into Organic   and functional . In the formation of the woman functional   Cysts can speak about its temporary nature. Such formations occur as a consequence of small disturbances in the functioning of the ovary. Generally, the detection of this form of cysts the patient is assigned to receive oral hormonal drugs, and then after a while the cyst self-destructs.

In the formation Organic   cysts require a serious approach to treatment. This form of the cyst does not go away on their own. As a rule, for its treatment of surgery performed. When organic cyst capsule is more dense.

In addition, some stand out certain types of cysts, in which different approaches to treatment. Follicular ovarian cysts   It occurs in women as a consequence of hormonal imbalance in the body. The cyst is formed from the preovulatory follicle. Usually such formations occur when the endocrine nature, as well as problems with metabolism. This type of cyst is mainly common in women of reproductive age, much less follicular cysts are diagnosed in women in menopause.

In most cases of follicular cysts clinical manifestation is not observed. But sometimes a woman with a diagnosis of notes that menstruation is constantly delayed, and occasionally lower abdominal pain is felt.

Sometimes this form cysts there are some complications that negatively displayed on the well-being of women. This may be the walls of the cysts rupture, torsion legs, bleeding directly into the cyst cavity. In these pathological manifestations of being a woman is deteriorating. She suffers from nausea, vomiting, severe abdominal pain. When torsion leg cysts education itself may increase due to impaired venous blood flow.

Corpus luteum cyst It is the formation of a functional nature. For the corpus luteum cyst is characterized by thicker walls, its diameter can be from 2 to 7 cm. This form is similar to a cyst corpus luteum. The disease develops in the second phase of the menstrual cycle, after ovulation. The severity of symptoms in the development of the corpus luteum cyst in a woman is not observed. After a few months there is regression of the cyst.

Development gemorrogicheskoy cysts   - A consequence of hemorrhage, which occurred inside the corpus luteum cyst or follicular cyst.

Endometrioid cyst   ovarian growth appears provided ovarian tissue mucosa of the inner layer of the wall. The cyst is filled with the form of dark fluid or blood. It may even reach a diameter of 20 cm. Typically, such formation occurs in women suffering from endometriosis .

Dermoid cyst of the ovary formed from derivatives of germ layers .  Most often, this is a single chamber cyst formation, in rare cases, it is a multi-chamber .  Its capsule is very dense, fibrous .  Surface - smooth and shiny .  The dermoid cyst containing different tissues, having a form of non-homogeneous mass .  When is the investigation of the contents of the cyst under a microscope, it is often found elements of germ layers .  Basically, this form of cysts are diagnosed in young women .  Sometimes, it can reach up to 15 cm in diameter .  This is a benign ovarian cyst formation, and the woman with a cyst rarely expressed complaints related to its manifestations .  Very rarely can a sensation of heaviness or discomfort in the abdomen .  As complications sometimes occur torsion leg cysts, which are marked with the severe pain in the abdomen and general signs of severe state .  In this case, a decision is made on the immediate surgery .

Mucinous cyst   epithelial tumor is benign. The cyst cavity is mucin - slizeobrazny secret epithelium. This cyst is characterized rough surface. Sometimes it increases to particularly large and thus has not one, but multiple cameras.

In serous ovarian cyst capsule lines the serous epithelium. Inside the capsule filled with clear liquid, which has a light straw color. This tumor is also benign.

Women who are diagnosed endocrine disease sometimes suffer from symptoms polikistozopodobnogo ovary . However, this pathology is typical for healthy women. On the outside there are many ovarian cysts, while it increases in size. However ovary syndrome polikistozopodobnogo should be clearly distinguished from polycystic ovary syndrome.

Forming   cystic adenoma   (this is also referred to as education cystadenoma Or kistadenomoy ) Comes directly from ovarian tissue. This cyst may eventually grow to an impressive size - about 30 cm in diameter.

Symptoms of ovarian cysts

Doctors are divided on the symptoms of the cyst primary   and secondary . As a rule, most of the primary symptoms of ovarian cysts do not appear: the woman is no change in the general state of health, the menstrual cycle is relatively regular. Detect cysts is possible only with careful gynecological examination. Symptoms of ovarian cysts in some cases, pain may occur in the lower abdomen, which a woman feels or during menstruation, or about the middle of the menstrual cycle. Sometimes the pain may be given in the groin or thigh.

Secondary symptoms in the case where there is a torsion legs cyst. Twisting through the intestinal loop, the cyst can cause   bowel obstruction . In this case, the symptoms are more pronounced: a woman can celebrate that she had seen bleeding, seizures, severe pain, high fever, recurrent vomiting. When symptoms such operation must be done immediately.

Secondary symptoms of cysts can also occur violations of the menstrual cycle. Changing nature of menstruation and they are becoming ever more scarce or too abundant. If the cyst has increased very strongly, that, accordingly, the patient inflates the abdomen, and usually swelling is asymmetrical. In addition, a large cyst may adversely affect the functioning of other organs.

The most severe outcome of the cyst may be running peritonitis Arising in the separation of the cyst and it gets into the abdominal cavity.

Complications of ovarian cysts

If the treatment of ovarian cysts will not be implemented in due time, in some cases, the consequence of the disease can be severe complications. First of all, the risk of development of oncological diseases. Therefore, gynecologists make every effort to promptly identify the cyst and to ensure the correct approach to therapy.

Torsion of a cyst - another unpleasant complication that is fraught with the manifestation of acute inflammation and associated symptoms. Sometimes, due twisting the woman is completely removed ovaries and fallopian tubes. Endometrioid ovarian cyst rupture is often subjected to. In this case, you must make an emergency operation. Another serious complication of a cyst infertility .

Diagnosis of ovarian cysts

The diagnosis of "ovarian cyst" can be set with some informative methods. In particular, ovarian cysts detected by regular gynecological examinations. The gynecologist discovers enlarged epididymis and the sensation of pain in the abdomen.

For more detailed information the patient is assigned to an ultrasound. Periodic ultrasound allows us to monitor how ovarian cyst is formed, and whether its decrease. If there is suspicion of complications of the cyst, the patient foreseeing posterior vaginal fornix puncture, allowing determine if blood or other fluid in the abdominal cavity.

Laparoscopy allows you to obtain reliable information about the development of cysts. This technique is also sometimes used in the treatment process.

If you suspect that a cancer patient is assigned to conduct a special blood test that allows to determine the content in the body of so-called tumor markers. In addition, a study of blood clotting, and also determined the content Hemoglobin .

If you need to confirm the purity or malignant cyst, patients underwent magnetic resonance or computed tomography.

Treatment of ovarian cysts

If the diagnosis confirms that the ovarian cyst is benign, and while it does not adversely affect other organs, sometimes the doctor decides that the cyst should not be disturbed. If there is a particular risk of a negative impact on the internal organs of a specialist or holds a puncture cyst, or appoint surgery.

When deciding on the tactics of treatment of ovarian cysts, the doctor must take into account the form of the disease, as well as all the characteristics of the patient.

Thus, treatment of a dermoid ovarian cyst is carried out only by the operative method. Sometimes it carried out on-line access via laparoscopy. In the treatment of younger women special attention is paid to remove only the tumor. At the same time, those women who already are in the postmenopausal age, sometimes a cyst removed along with the uterus appendages.

After such an operation is necessary for patient follow-up for at least one year. However, there is a good prognosis.

If the cause of the cysts are hormonal disorders, for the normalization of the woman must take a course of oral contraceptives. Cyst of the corpus luteum of the ovary and follicular cysts is cured with use of oral contraceptives. It is important that the drug is selected only the treating physician, taking into account all the features of the female body.

In some cases, as expedient course of treatment with anti-inflammatory effects. Watching the doctor is a woman for several menstrual cycles. If the tumor has not disappeared, should be surgery to remove the cyst.

Every woman needs to understand the fact that the removal of cysts is carried out with a relatively simple operation. Therefore it does not need to be afraid. Currently, to remove cysts most often used laparoscopy. Doctor using special tools and multiple increase, removes only the cyst, while healthy tissue is minimal injured.

All tumors are not included in the above categories cysts are at disposal in order to avoid complications.

Once a woman has made the operation, treatment practices, which positively affect the recovery of the menstrual cycle. This reception vitamins . nootropics , and contraceptives   for three months.

Treatment of ovarian cysts folk remedies

There are also traditional recipes means that you can apply. Treatment of cysts folk remedies carried out only under the control vracha.Effektivnuyu tincture can be prepared by mixing one tablespoon of chopped herbs tarragon and birch buds and add to the mix a little red pepper and one crushed aloe leaf. All of this is filled with half a liter of vodka and infuse for ten days. The mixture was consumed in about half an hour before eating one tablespoon three times a day.

It is also recommended to undergo treatment special charges, consisting of the following plants: black walnut leaves, herb verbena, black elderberry, grass succession, leaves, peach and licorice root. A mixture of crushed plants need to pour boiling water and infuse for about an hour. Drink the mixture should be a third cup three times a day. The course of treatment lasts for such a collection of ten days, followed by a five-day break. After the break the ten-day course is repeated twice more.

Practiced as the use of tampons with honey and onions. To make these tampons, you need to take an onion and dip it completely in honey. This should be done in the morning to the evening onions soaked with honey. From the leaves of onion is a tampon that is put into the vagina at night. The procedure must be repeated ten times.

Ovarian cysts are treated as tincture of peony. It can be purchased at the pharmacy. Before taking Don teaspoon of tincture is mixed with one teaspoon of water. The medicine received in the same time three times a day for ten days.

Yet another recipe - treatment of ovarian cysts using an alcohol tincture of walnuts. To prepare it, you need to take the shells and walls of walnuts, pour half a liter of vodka. The infusion is prepared for seven days, after which it should be dark brown. During the month, every day should take one tablespoon of this medication.

Ovarian cysts and pregnancy

If a woman applies for maternity consciously, then before getting pregnant, she carefully checks the state of their health. If the doctor finds the patient cyst, she immediately recommended to take the appropriate course of treatment. For some forms of ovarian cysts may adversely affect the developing pregnancy   and even the process of conception. If the cyst is formed as a result of the functioning of the ovary, then for two or three months, it disappears on its own, and does not affect conception. However, if the ovarian cysts and pregnancy are combined, the doctor must constantly monitor the status of women and the process of development of cysts.

Letting can conceive endometrioid cyst and polycystic ovaries . In such cases, it is important to undergo any medical treatment, or to get rid of the cyst through surgery.

If ovarian cysts reveal itself during pregnancy, the doctor can not guarantee that a pregnancy will take place without complications. The fact is that during the childbearing woman there are certain changes in the body, and the cyst is growing more intense. In addition, the risk of symptoms of complications: torsion, rupture. So sometimes the doctors make the decision on carrying out the operation in the event that the gestational age greater than 16 weeks.

Prevention of ovarian cysts

Preventive measures in the present case consists in preventing the causes that directly wag on the manifestation of an ovarian cyst. We are talking about abortion, hormonal imbalance and endocrine diseases, genital infections, inflammations. It should take all measures to avoid the development of diseases, leading to the formation of cysts. In addition, an important aspect of prevention is regular visits to a specialist gynecologist.