Friday, May 24, 2019

Beehive: Honey cosmetics

July 29, 2011

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 Beehive: Honey cosmetics  Mead   - Excellent natural product which contains up to sixty nutrients in its composition: Fructose, glucose, proteins, minerals, hormones, organic acids and vitamins. Also in the honey has enzymes, flavorings, minerals - all in-kind!

With honey treat many different diseases, particularly skin. After Honey has a number of useful properties: a feature to strengthen and soften the skin, as well as to enrich muscle glycogen .

Masks   on the basis of honey have excellent stimulating effect, smooth Wrinkles , Make the skin more elastic, improves complexion. When dry and aging skin of the face mask is recommended, as part of which contained honey.

Honey-lemon mask . A quarter cup of honey should be mixed with the juice of ½ lemon. The resulting mixture is applied to the skin in a circular motion. After applying one layer is applied next. If the skin does not "respond" to such a composition, you can change it. A variation of this recipe is the following composition: a quarter cup of honey mixed with two tablespoons of flour and four tablespoons of water.

With a soft and dry skin of the face masks are useful milk and honey . Honey mixed with equal parts of milk, cream or sour cream. Put on the face mask in a conventional manner. Such a mixture whitens the skin and softens it.

Pretty effective face mask, made from honey with birch sap   or strong freshly brewed tea in a ratio of 1: 1.


To cleanse and refresh skin use honey and glycerin   mask. Recipe for her is simple: one teaspoon of honey should be mixed with glycerin and flour, then add to the mix three teaspoons of water and stir thoroughly.

When irritated and flaky skin is useful to carry out a course of treatment by the yolk-honey   masks. We need a teaspoon of honey mixed with one egg yolk and apply makeup to the skin.

Dehydrated and defatted skin with fine wrinkles good "feeds" Mask of oil, egg yolks and honey . One tablespoon of honey mixed with egg yolk and a tablespoon of vegetable oil (olive, sunflower, flax, corn). If the skin is very dry and sensitive part of the added 0, 5 cups of chamomile infusion. For flaccid and aging skin mask recipe additionally added a teaspoon of juice of quince, mountain ash, lemon broth or Juniper. To make the mixture thickens, add a little potato or corn flour.

When sagging and wrinkled skin apply   protein and honey   mask. A teaspoon of honey mixed with a tablespoon of wheat or oat flour. Then, while continuing to stir, gradually pour in the beaten egg white mass of eggs.

When the sensitive type of skin before applying the mask makes a compress of herbal infusion (lime blossom, chamomile, succession, parsley, fennel, rose hip).

All the masks on the basis of honey kept on the skin for about 15 - 20 minutes depending on individual experiences. To remove the mask should be cotton pad dipped in milk or warm water. Honey Mask   do 1-2 times a week for a month. After a break of 2-3 months can be repeated "honey rehabilitation."

It goes without saying that external beauty is dependent on what we eat. Herbal infusions of hot and cold is useful to drink at any time of the year. Do not forget to sweeten a tea spoon of honey: a natural sugar is much more useful. In the morning, an excellent breakfast, prepare a sandwich of rye bread with a thin layer of oil and honey: a meal improves the mood, gives vivacity and energy.

Methyluracil

Description overdue on 01/14/2013

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 Methyluracil  Stimulator of regeneration . The active component acts dioksometiltetragidropirimidin . The medicament has anabolic activity , Anti-inflammatory, immunostimulant, leukopoietic, hematopoietic effects. Methyluracil accelerates epithelization and granulation tissue growth and maturation. The drug stimulates leucopoiesis, erythropoiesis Humoral and cellular immune factors. The drug has a positive effect on bystroproliferiruyuschie cells located in the mucous membranes of the digestive system. Methyluracil ointment has PHOTOPROTECTIVE impact . A sponge impregnated with drug, when applied to a wound surface of the wound secretions absorbing gradually swells and lysed, releasing the active substance. The medicament is discharged in the form of sprays, ointments, suppositories, sponges, in tablet dosage form.

Indications:

Methyluracil pills prescribed for mild forms leukopenia It is occurring on a background radiation therapy radiotherapy , Chemotherapy in malignant tumors. The drug used in thrombocytopenia , Anemia, septic angina, agranulotsitarnoy flu at radiation sickness , Intoxication benzene. The drug is prescribed in the period convalescence   after serious infectious diseases. Methyluracil candles used in ulcerative colitis, sigmoid, proctitis . The drug is effective for hepatitis burn disease If slowly healing wounds, pancreatitis, bone fractures, ulcers of the digestive system. In gynecology Methyluracil administered as an aerosol in the erosion of the cervix, coleitis, nonspecific vulvitis After diathermocoagulation cervix after the hysterectomy.


Contraindications:

Drug Usage Methyluracil indicates the following contraindications: leukemia (myeloid, leukemic forms), intolerance to the active substance, cancer of the bone marrow, hematological malignancies, megakaryoblastoma . It is unacceptable in the local application redundancy granulation.

Side effect:

Methyluracil pills can cause heartburn , Dizziness, headache, allergic reactions. When applied topically there is a slight burning sensation, a possible allergic response. If the contraction and dry sponge with metiluratsilom recommended to moisten it with a solution procaine   (0, 25%) or furatsillina .

Mode of application:

Tablet dosage form:   after ingestion 4 times a day at 500 mg. Multiplicity of medications Methyluracil can be increased up to 6 times as necessary. The duration of therapy in the pathology of the digestive system is 30-40 days. Suppositories:   3-4 times a day for 0, 5-1 grams. Children 3-8 years appoint ½ candles. Duration of treatment - up to 4 months.

Ointment Methyluracil   should be applied daily on the wound surface in an amount of up to 10 grams. Before use, the sponge is removed from its special packaging and applied to the wound in such a way that it fits snugly as possible to the walls and bottom surface of the wound and on its edge out of 1, 5 cm beyond the wound. Top methyluracyl sponge   impose fixing bandage. It is recommended to clean the wound surface, remove necrotic mass and treat with an antiseptic solution. When present on the wound surface purulent additional sponge is soaked in a solution of an antiseptic (e.g.   dioxidine , Furatsillin). Bandages vary depending on the size and depth of the lesion, presence and amount of necrotic mass emission rate exudate . The sponge is completely lysed in 2-3 days. If there are no indications for dressing (no pain, allergic response, purulent exudate, burning sensation) and a sponge is not resolved, then it is left to the complete healing of the wound. Metiluratsil as sprays applied to the affected area. The container was shaken to spray 10-15 times, then remove the protective cap, put on a special attachment to the valve stem and gently sprayed on the wound surface. 1 second balloon is released about 7 ml methyluracil as a foam. In gynecological practice is applied spray for 1-2 seconds.

With cervical erosion   drug use 2 times a day, as obesity and vulvitis - 1-2 times a day. The duration of therapy is 8-30 days. To remove mucus prior to introduction into the vagina to hold reklmenduetsya douching solutions gibrokarbonata sodium bigluconate chlorhexidine , Nitrofural, train and chamomile. When proctosigmoiditis, and proctitis before the procedure is necessary to make a cleansing enema decoction of chamomile or calendula. When periodontitis and other diseases of the oral cavity affected area covered with foam 3-5 times for 10-15 minutes. The duration of treatment is 1-2 weeks. In the treatment of burns it is recommended to clean the wound surface from necrotic masses, pus, exudate. The duration of treatment depends on the rate of wound healing and epithelialization. The treatment of minor wounds made applying sterile wipes treated metiluratsillom. The nozzle of the cylinder is changed after each use. Processing nozzle carried by boiling for 5 minutes, or by careful washing with boiled water. Responses to the drug Methyluracil show high efficacy of the drug in compliance with the recommendations.

Drug Interactions:

When concurrent therapy systemic antibiotics marked synergistic effect.

Aspinat

Description overdue on 09/18/2013

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 Aspinat  Anti-inflammatory a non-steroidal a means of Acting component which acts acetylsalicylic acid . The medicament has antipyretic, analgesic effects. The mechanism of action of the drug is based on Aspinat inhibition of enzyme activity of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2, which is synthesized under the influence of prostaglandins (thanks to them formed pain syndrome   and puffiness   in inflammation). By reducing prostaglandin levels in the area of ​​thermoregulation in the brain is enhanced sweating and expands the lumen of blood vessels, resulting provides antipyretic effect . Analgesic effect is due to central and peripheral influence medicament. Acetylsalicylic acid inhibits the enzyme synthesis of thromboxane A2 in platelets, blood cells, thereby reducing thrombosis, platelet adhesion and aggregation of cells. Reached antiplatelet effect   persists throughout weeks after single admission medicament. It has been observed that this effect is more pronounced in males.

In the treatment of aspirin reduces the risk of an unstable form of angina, myocardial infarction, reduced mortality rates from diseases of the cardiovascular system. The drug Aspinat effectively used for primary and secondary prevention of myocardial infarction, especially in males over 40 years old. The daily dosage of 6 mg increases the rate of prothrombin time and inhibits the synthesis of prothrombin   in the hepatic system. It is important to bear in mind that in patients receiving aspirin significantly increases the risk of bleeding, and various hemorrhagic complications   during and after surgery. Aspinat reduces the concentration of vitamin K dependent clotting factors 2, 7, 9 and 10. The medicaments enhances fibrinolytic activity of blood plasma, stimulates excretion Uric acid   from the body in small amounts (by disrupting reabsorption in the renal tubule system). When the blockade of cyclooxygenase-1 in the gastric mucosa decreases gastroprotective activity (protective) prostaglandins, which can cause ulceration of the stomach wall and the development of bleeding. The least irritating to the mucous wall of the stomach have a special "sparkling" form of acetylsalicylic acid, and enteric dosage forms which include buffering agents.


Indications:

Aspinat prescribed for relief febrile syndrome Which accompanies many infectious and inflammatory diseases. Currently, acetylsalicylic acid is not used to treat pericarditis Rheumatoid arthritis, Rheumatic chorea . rheumatism   and infectious-allergic myocarditis . Drug Usage Aspinat recommends prescribers to achieve the antiplatelet effect (at a dose of 300 mg per day) in patients with unstable angina, coronary heart disease, repeated myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, with prosthetic heart valves, to stent placement, after the coronary balloon angioplasty . The drug is used to relieve pain of various origins: lumbago , Arthralgia, headache (including migraine pain caused by alcohol withdrawal syndrome), neuralgia, toothache, tuberculosis, thoracic radicular syndrome, pain in the muscles. The Allergy and Clinical Immunology Aspinat recommended for use in increasing doses for the development of persistent tolerance (stability) to NSAIDs in patients "Aspirin triad"   and "Aspirin asthma" .

Contraindications:

Aspinat not indicated in case of intolerance of acetylsalicylic acid, ulcers and erosive lesions of the digestive system (acute stage), with "aspirin" triad of a history of bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, haemorrhagic diathesis , Recurrent nasal polyposis, paranasal sinuses, with gipoprotrombinemii , Hemophilia, thrombocytopenic purpura , Von Willebrand disease, intolerance to medications pirazolonovogo row, thrombocytopenia, telangiectasia. The drug is not prescribed for deficit   Vitamin K . dissecting aortic aneurysm At gestation gestation, portal hypertension, kidney disease and liver, with inadequate glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. When decompensated form of chronic heart failure, renal pathology system in ulcerative diseases of the stomach and duodenal ulcers, gout, urate nefrourolitiaze , Hyperuricemia Aspinat used with caution when evaluating the possible risks of the therapy.

Side effect:

The treatment may experience nausea, diarrhea, Reye's syndrome   (rapid formation of liver failure, acute fatty liver, and encephalopathy), appetite disorders, allergic responses in the form of bronchospasm, skin rash and angioedema. Aspirin can cause "aspirin triad" and "aspirin asthma" due to the formation haptenated mechanism. Long-term treatment is accompanied by headaches, disturbance of vision, erosive and ulcerative lesions of the digestive system, tinnitus, vomiting, dizziness, nephrotic syndrome , Papillary necrosis, bronchospasm, a violation of auditory perception, anticoagulation , Interstitial nephritis, hypercalcemia, pre-renal azotemia, edema, hepatic enzyme elevations system increased symptoms of chronic heart failure, aseptic meningitis .

Overdose:

High doses leads to the development Aspinata syndrome salitsizma Headaches, tinnitus, fever, disturbance of vision, vomiting and nausea. In severe poisoning notes metabolic acidosis , Hyperventilation (at central level), cyanosis, suffocation , Respiratory alkalosis, respiratory acidosis. When poisoning moderate requiring emergency hospitalization and treatment in the hospital: designation laxatives, control electrolyte balance and CBS, activated carbon and other ehnterosorbentov introduction sodium lactate, sodium citrate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, depending on the state of the metabolic processes. At the expense of oshchelachivanija of urine is amplified the excretion of Aspinata at increase of reserve alkalinity. Alkalinization urine achieved by intravenous infusion of sodium hydrogen carbonate. Special care is required Elderly patients who have an increased risk of pulmonary edema   during an intense infusion of fluid. For alkalinization urine acetazolamide is not recommended because of the risk of acidemia and increased toxic effects of salicylates. At the level of more than 100-130 mg of salicylate%, with severe lesions of the central nervous system, in refractory acidosis, renal failure, pulmonary edema, progressive deterioration of the general condition prescribed hemodialysis. When pulmonary edema requires mechanical ventilation with a special mixture enriched with oxygen.

Mode of application:

Soluble tablets Aspinat recommended before use to dissolve in a small amount of the liquid 2-3 times daily and 400-800 mg (but no more than 6 grams). Aspirin in doses 50-70-100-300-325 mg is used to achieve antiplatelet effect ; in a dose more 325 mg - for Achievements analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect . In the acute form of rheumatism   administered 100 mg per 1 kg a day for 5-6 doses. When expressed pain and fever syndromes   Adults appoint 0, 5-1 grams per day (3 admission). The duration of therapy Aspinatom should not exceed 14 days. Effervescent medicament form to be dissolved in 100-200 mL of water prior to ingestion, preferably after the meal. Duration of treatment may vary from one reception to a few months. Patients with myocardial infarction, prescribe medication for secondary prevention dose of 40-325 mg per day (mean dose of 160mg). Improvement of the rheological properties of blood is achieved by using 0, 15-0, 25 grams of aspirin a day (therapy designed for a few months). At a dose of 300-325 mg per day of the drug inhibits cell aggregation of blood platelets. With   tromboemboliah   cerebral genesis in dynamic circulatory disorders of the brain in males administered 325 mg per day (the amount of the drug is gradually increased to 1 gram per day). Relapse prevention is achieved by taking 125-300 mg per day. To prevent occlusion of the aortic graft thrombosis and recommended the introduction of the drug through a special gastric tube mounted intranasally at a dose of 325 mg every 7 hours. Further it recommended oral aspirin three times a day 325 mg (usually appoint more dipyridamole for a week).

Special instructions:

Aspirin with prolonged use causes NSAID-gastropathy   (a day is recommended to appoint no more than 5-8 grams). As an antipyretic Aspinat can apply no more than three days and for pain relief - no more than a week. Patients should be warned before the operation surgeons abdominal surgery and other interventions about taking aspirin to prevent heavy blood loss. Be sure to study fecal occult blood and evaluation of the state of the blood. Not to prescribe drugs containing acetylsalicylic acid to children because of the high risk of Reye's syndrome (a long and uncontrollable vomiting, severe forms of encephalopathy development, enlargement of the liver). Enteric form acetylsalicylic acid have the least Irritation of the digestive tract wall. Aspinat able to provide teratogenecity   when used during child bearing. The active substance is excreted in breast milk during breastfeeding, which significantly increases the risk of bleeding in children infants because of functional disorders in platelet blood cells. In individuals predisposed to gout medication could trigger another attack due to the accumulation of uric acid in the body. Unacceptable use of alcoholic beverages while taking aspirin.

Drug Interactions:

Aspinat increases the toxicity of heparin, sulfonamides, hypoglycemic agents, narcotic analgesics, reserpine , Co-trimoxazole, anticoagulants . Methotrexate , Platelet aggregation inhibitors, cell thrombolytics. The drug is able to reduce the effectiveness of the impact of diuretic drugs ( Furosemide , Veroshpiron), antihypertensive medications. The risk of gastrointestinal bleeding increases significantly while taking ethanol-containing preparations, glucocorticosteroids . Gematotoksichnosti Aspinata increases in the treatment of myelotoxic agents. Antacid medicines   impair the absorption of acetylsalicylic acid.

Aspikor

Description overdue on 30.04.2013

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 Aspikor  Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs . The drug in the indiscriminate manner inhibits the activity of enzymes cyclooxygenase   1 and 2 (regulate prostaglandin synthesis). The drug Aspikor has analgesic (pain relief), anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. The active substance acetylsalicylic acid inhibits the formation of prostaglandins, which are formed by the action of hyperalgesia   and swelling. Reduced levels of prostaglandins in the main center   thermoregulation   (preferably E1) causes sweating, widening of the lumen of the blood vessels in the skin and, as a consequence, reduction in body temperature. The analgesic effects achieved by peripheral and central actions of the drug. Aspikor suppresses synthesizing thromboxane   A2 cells in blood platelets, lowers thrombosis , Platelet adhesion and aggregation . In patients with unstable angina over the active ingredient acetylsalicylic acid reduces the mortality risk of myocardial infarction. Antiplatelet effect lasts for about a week after a single dose. The daily dosage of 6 grams or more increases in prothrombin time, inhibits the synthesis of prothrombin   in liver tissue. Aspikor medicine increases the frequency of bleeding complications during surgery. Under the influence of the drug increases the excretion Uric acid   (as a result of violations of tubular reabsorption in the kidney). Aspikor available in tablet dosage form (enteric, effervescent, children, in the shell).


Indications:

The medicine is prescribed for the relief of Aspikor pain (mild to moderate severity forms) different proichozhdeniya: migraines, headaches, myalgia , Radicular syndrome, algomenorrhea , Arthralgia, lumbago, neuralgia, toothache. The drug is used in a feverish syndrome on the background of infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases.

Contraindications:

Tablets are not prescribed for Aspikor hemorrhagic diathesis If the individual form of intolerance to aspirin, bronchial asthma, bleeding from the digestive tract, erosive and ulcerative lesions of the digestive system, concurrent therapy with methotrexate, pregnancy (the first, third trimesters), lactation and children up to the age of fifteen.

Side effect:

Aspikor pills can cause diarrhea, nausea, allergic responses in the form of angioedema, skin rash and bronchospasm . The treatment may be in violation of the kidneys and liver system development Reye's syndrome   (rapid formation of liver failure, liver disease, and encephalopathy), leukopenia, thrombocytopenia , Severe anemia. Long-term therapy may be accompanied by anticoagulation , Erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, dizziness, migraine, vomiting, impaired vision,   interstitial nephritis , Bleeding, papillary necrosis, pre-renal azotemia and hypercalcemia hypercreatininemia, swelling, increasing symptoms of heart failure, aseptic meningitis, increased liver enzymes, nephrotic syndrome .

Mode of application:

Aspikor tablets taken orally. When pain, fever syndrome   medication taken orally up to 3 grams (the recommended dose of 0, 5-1 grams per day) for 3 doses. As analgesic and antiinflammatory Aspikor administered at a dose of 325 mg. Duration of therapy should not exceed more than two weeks. Effervescent medication form must be pre-dissolved in 100-200 ml of water. A one-time amount of drug 0, 25-1 grams (3-4 times a day).

Special instructions:

Use of the drug as an anti Aspikor medicament is limited because of the high risk of developing NSAID-gastropathy. Duration of therapy should not exceed more than 5 days. Responses to the drug Aspikor show good tolerability and high efficacy in compliance with all recommendations. Currently, the drug is not prescribed for Rheumatic chorea , Infectious form of allergic myocarditis In rheumatoid arthritis, as well as rheumatism and pericarditis. Aspikor recommended to cancel 5-7 days prior to elective surgery. Long-term treatment requires mandatory control blood counts, fecal occult blood. The drug is able to provide teratogenecity . Aspirin is excreted in breast milk. The drug can cause an acute attack of gout. The price of the drug Aspikor is 50 rubles. Analogs Aspikora: tromboASS, atsekardol . cardiomagnil .

Drug Interactions:

Drug Usage Aspikor does not recommend medication along with oral hypoglycemic agents, valproic acid . Methotrexate , Antiplatelet agents, thrombolytics,   indirect anticoagulants , Heparin, sulfonamides, and urikozuricheskimi antihypertensive agents, diuretics. The risk of gastrointestinal bleeding increases with concurrent therapy with glucocorticosteroids and ethanol-containing medicines. Aspikor able to increase the concentration of barbiturates, digoxin, lithium salts in the plasma. Absorption of acetylsalicylic acid reduces the treatment antacids . Gematotoksicheskim Aspikora influence increases in the treatment of myelotoxic drugs.

Can I have sexual intercourse during pregnancy?

June 16, 2011

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 Can I have sexual intercourse during pregnancy?  Everybody knows where babies come from. In that case, from which during pregnancy intimate relations of the spouses have to be a problem? Of course, pregnancy - This time of enormous emotional and physical changes that are reflected in the intimacy of the spouses. This is also not to be forgotten.

During this period, as well as in everyday life, women are observed and downs, ups and sexual desires. Predict the time of flowering of sexual desire is impossible. And yet, there are simple physiological norms influencing it, of course, they should be taken into account.

Typically, in first trimester   Pregnancy need for sex is reduced, and it is quite natural, because in the female body is hormonal changes. The sounds and smells are perceived sharper than before pregnancy. Those smells that enjoyed to this point now may well provoke negative emotions. In addition, many in the first trimester feel bad in connection with the toxemia . In this state a woman, probably in need of care and compassion, rather than in a passionate sex.

At the beginning second trimester   half of the women wake up, pretty, strong attraction to partner. All this is understandable. By this time, an unpleasant breast tenderness passes, increases blood flow to the genitals. And the stomach is not very great, and does not interfere with lovemaking. In addition, it is not necessary to worry about Contraception That gives additional emancipation. So, if the pregnancy is quiet and your doctor sees no contraindications, the sex at this time will be able to open one of the brightest pages of your intimate life. Often, as later recognized partners, sex during pregnancy is best.


 Can I have sexual intercourse during pregnancy?  AT third trimester   pregnant women are less mobile. At this time more comfortable posture - on the side. A woman lies in her husband's arms, clinging to him. Not less comfortable position, "rider", in addition, in this position, the woman can control the depth of occurrence.

In just a few weeks before birth it would be right to refuse intimacy. Since sexual intercourse during this time can cause contractions . During sexual arousal in a woman's blood is ejected Oxytocin , A hormone that stimulates uterine contractions. It has the same effect prostaglandin As well hormone found in the semen partner.

Both partners need to remember: Pregnancy - not a disease . Many couples in this period of uncertainty. On the one hand, they want the other - tormented by the fear of causing harm to a child or an abortion.

In fact, the future of this child can not hurt. It is protected membranes and the uterus, and amniotic fluid   absorb shocks.

Clexane

Description overdue on 07/10/2014

  • Latin name: Clexane
  • ATC code: B01AB05
  • Active substance: Enoxaparin Sodium (Enoxaparin sodium)
  • Manufacturer: SANOFI WINTHROP INDUSTRIE (France)
Photos of the drug
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  • Composition
  • Product form
  • Pharmacological action
  • Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Side effects
  • Instructions for use Clexane
  • Overdose
  • Cooperation
  • Terms of sale
  • Storage conditions
  • Shelf life
  • Cautions
  • Analogs
  • Babies
  • During pregnancy (and lactation)
  • Reviews
  • Price, where to buy

 Clexane

Composition

One syringe contained in a dose-dependent: 10,000 anti-Xa IU 2000 anti-Xa IU, 8,000 anti-Xa IU, 4,000 anti-Xa IU or 6,000 anti-Xa IU enoxaparin sodium .

Product form

The medicine is a clear solution for injection colorless or yellowish.

1.0 ml, 0.8 ml, 0.6 ml, 0.4 ml or 0.2 ml of this solution in a glass syringe, two such syringe blister, one or five such blister packs in the paper bundle.

Pharmacological action

Clexane (Clexane) has antithrombotic action.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Pharmacodynamics

Clexane INN (International Nonproprietary Name) enoxaparin . The drug is a low molecular weight Heparin   with a molecular mass of about 4500 daltons. Obtained by alkaline hydrolysis heparin benzyl ester Extracted from porcine intestinal mucosa.

When used as a preventive drug doses little change APTT Almost no effect on platelet aggregation and binding of fibrinogen. For therapeutic doses enoxaparin   increases APTT   1, 5-2, 2 times.

Pharmacokinetics

After systematic hypodermic enoxaparin sodium   at 1.5 mg per kilogram of body weight per day equilibrium concentration occurs within 2 days. The bioavailability after subcutaneous administration of 100%.

Enoxaparin sodium   metabolized in the liver via desulfation   and depolymerization . Thus formed metabolites have very low activity.


The half-life - 4 hours (single administration) or 7 hours (multiple doses). 40% of the drug is excreted through the kidneys. Withdrawal enoxaparin   in elderly patients is delayed due to the deterioration of renal function.

In patients with renal clearance enoxaparin   reduced.

Indications

This drug has the following contraindications:

  • prevention thrombosis   and embolism   veins after surgery;
  • therapy deep vein thrombosis   complicated or not complicated pulmonary embolism ;
  • prevention thrombosis   veins and embolism in patients who are on long-term bed rest due to acute therapeutic diseases (chronic and acute heart failure , Heavy infection . respiratory insufficiency , Acute rheumatic disease );
  • prevention thrombosis   in the extracorporeal blood flow hemodialysis ;
  • therapy angina   and heart attack   without tooth Q;
  • Acute Therapy heart attack   with an increase in the ST segment in individuals in need of medical treatment.

Contraindications

  • Allergies   to the drug and other low molecular weight heparins .
  • Diseases with increased risk of bleeding, such as aneurysm Threatening abortion, bleeding, hemorrhagic stroke .
  • Prohibited use of Clexane in pregnancy in women with artificial heart valves.
  • Age less than 18 years (safety and efficacy not established).

With care to apply in the following cases:

  • diseases associated with impaired hemostasis ( hemophilia . hypocoagulation, thrombocytopenia, von Willebrand's disease ) Expressed in vasculitis ;
  • stomach ulcers and 12 duodenal ulcer, erosive and ulcerative lesions of the digestive tract;
  • recent ischemic stroke ;
  • heavy arterial hypertension ;
  • hemorrhagic or diabetic retinopathy ;
  • diabetes   severe;
  • recent generations;
  • recent neurological or ophthalmological intervention;
  • execution Epidural   or spinal anesthesia cn INNO-brain puncture ;
  • bacterial endocarditis ;
  • intrauterine contraception;
  • pericarditis ;
  • kidney disease or liver disease;
  • severe trauma, extensive open wounds;
  • a joint reception with affecting hemostasis drugs.

Side effects

As with other anticoagulants the risk of bleeding, especially during invasive procedures, or the use of drugs affecting hemostasis. If any bleeding should stop administering medication, find the cause of complications and start appropriate treatment.

When using the drug in the background Epidural   or spinal anesthesia   postoperative use of penetrating catheters revealed sightings neuraxial hematoma Leading to neurological disorders of varying severity, including irreversible paralysis .

Thrombocytopenia   in the prevention thrombosis   veins in surgical patients, treatment deep venous thrombosis   and myocardial infarction   ST-segment elevation occurred in 1-10% of the time and at 0, 1-1% of cases in preventing thrombosis   veins in patients on bed rest and undergoing therapy myocardial infarction   and angina .

After the introduction of Clexane under the skin may cause hematoma   at the injection site. At 0, 001% of the cases developed local necrosis   skin.

Rarely appearing skin and systemic reactions hypersensitivity Including anaphylactic .

Also described asymptomatic transient increase in liver enzyme concentrations.

Instructions for use Clexane

Instructions for use Clexane reports that the drug is administered by deep subcutaneous patient in the supine position.

As stabbing Clexane?

The drug should be administered in the left and right lateral abdomen alternately. The injection is necessary to make such manipulation, opening the syringe needle to expose and put it vertically to its full length, pre-assembled with thumb and forefinger skin fold. Folds released after injection. It is not recommended to massage the place of the drug.

Video pounding Clexane:

The drug is administered intramuscularly prohibited.

Scheme administration. Produce 2 injections per day with an exposure of 12 hours. The dose for one administration should be 100 anti-Xa IU per kilogram of body weight.

In patients with an average risk of thrombosis   required dose of 20 mg once a day. The first administration is carried out for 2 hours before surgery.

Patients with a greater risk of occurrence thrombosis   recommended Clexane 40 mg administered once a day (first administration 12 hours before surgery), or 30 mg twice a day (the first 13-24 hours after administration after surgery). The duration of therapy is on average a week or 10 days. If necessary, treatment can be continued until there is risk thrombosis .

Treatment deep venous thrombosis . The drug is administered at the rate of 1, 5 mg per kilogram body weight per day. The course of treatment usually lasts for 10 days.

Prevention thrombosis   and embolism   veins in patients on bed rest due to acute therapeutic diseases. The required dose - 40 mg 1 time a day (duration of 6-14 days).

Overdose

Accidental overdose can cause serious haemorrhagic   complications. When administered orally, drug absorption into the systemic circulation is unlikely.

As the neutralizing agent shown in the slow introduction protamine sulphate   intravenously. One mg of protamine neutralizes one mg of enoxaparin. If overdose from the beginning more than 12 hours, the introduction of protamine sulphate   not required.

Cooperation

The drug Clexane should not be mixed with other drugs. Also, do not alternate the use of Clexane and other low molecular weight heparins.

When applied to acetylsalicylic acid , Dextran 40 kD, NSAIDs . clopidogrel   and ticlopidine . thrombolytic or   anticoagulants   may increase the risk of bleeding.

Terms of sale

Strictly prescription.

Storage conditions

Keep away from children. Keep at temperatures up to 25 ° C.

Shelf life

Three years.

Cautions

When using the drug for prevention of the tendency to increase the bleeding risk have been identified. When using the drug Clexane therapeutic purposes there is a risk of bleeding in the elderly. In these cases, close observation of the patient.

Clexane does not affect the ability to drive.

Analogs Clexane

Clexane Analogues with identical active substance: Clexane 300 . Novoparin . Enoksarin .

Is it better or Clexane Fraksiparin?

Frequently asked question patients about the comparative effectiveness of drugs. Fraksiparin   Clexane and belong to the same group and are analogues. Research reliably confirming the superiority of one drug over the other was carried out. Therefore, the choice between the drugs should exercise attending physician based on the clinical picture of the disease, the patient and their own experience.

Babies

Contraindicated in persons under 18 years of age.

Clexane Pregnancy and lactation

It is forbidden (except in cases where the benefits for the mother to the fetus higher risk) Clexane used during pregnancy. The consequences can be unpredictable, since precise data on the impact of the use of Clexane in pregnancy on her for not.

If necessary, use Clexane should stop breast-feeding during treatment.

Reviews Kleksane

Since the beginning of the use of the drug in clinical practice Clexane performed well both among doctors and among patients. Reports of allergy to the drug is extremely small.

Price Clexane

It should be noted that the cost of the drug is not always correlated with dosage. The average price of Clexane 0.2 ml (10 pcs.) In Russia is 3,600 rubles, Clexane 0.4 ml (10 pcs.) - 2960 rubles, 0.8 ml (10 pcs.) - 4100 rubles, and bought in Moscow preparation in the same doses will cost no much more expensive.

In Ukraine, the price of 0.2 ml of Clexane number 10 - 665 hryvnia, 0.4 ml of number 10 - 1045 hryvnia, and 0.8 ml of number 10 - 323 hryvnia.

Get the best price and buy

Atsekardol

Description overdue on 07/11/2013

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 Atsekardol  Antiplatelet agents . Active substance - acetylsalicylic acid . The mechanism of action is the possibility of inhibiting cyclooxygenase active ingredient that causes inhibition of production of thromboxane A2, decreased platelet aggregation of cells. Achieved a single oral antiplatelet effect lasts for weeks. High dosages of the drug can exert an analgesic and antipyretic action (over 300 mg). Tablets Atsekardol produced a dose of 50, 100 and 300 mg. The drug is completely absorbed in the digestive tract and is only partially metabolised in the absorption process. Analogs Atsekardola: TromboASS, Cardiomagnyl, Aspinat, Atsenterin, Aspirin. Buy Atsekardol possible at a pharmacy without a prescription.

Indications:

Atsekardol prescribed for unstable angina to prevent recurrent myocardial infarction, for prevention pulmonary embolism   (including its branches), and deep vein thrombosis (for longer stays in the stationary state, e.g., during long surgery). The drug is prescribed for patients with risk factors (increased body weight, high cholesterol, diabetes , Smoking, age, hypertension) for the prevention of acute myocardial infarction. Instructions for use Atsekardola recommends medication to patients after invasive surgery and angioplasty (stenting, carotid angioplasty , Carotid endarterectomy, coronary artery bypass surgery, arteriovenous shunting) for the prevention of thromboembolism. The drug is prescribed for patients with transient disturbances of blood supply to the brain to prevent stroke, ischemic type.


Contraindications:

The drug is not prescribed to patients with erosive and ulcerative diseases of the digestive tract, with bleeding diathesis , Bleeding from the stomach, duodenum. The drug is not prescribed for asthma caused by intake of salicylates. The drug is contraindicated in diseases of the liver, Heart Failure , In the pathology of renal system through breastfeeding. Inadmissible simultaneous treatment with methotrexate at a dose higher than 15 mg per week. Application Atsekardola limited in patients with hyperuricemia, gout, drug allergies, hay fever, nasal polyposis. Aspirin can cause bleeding during surgery.

Side effect:

The digestive tract:   increase the level of enzymes ALT and AST, vomiting, heartburn , Nausea, ulcerative lesions and bleeding. Hematopoietic system : anemia , The risk of bleeding due to inhibition of platelet aggregation of cells. Allergic responses   as cardiorespiratory distress, swelling of the mucous wall of the nasal cavity, rhinitis, urticaria, angioedema, pruritus and rash. Rarely have severe allergic-type anaphylaxis . Respiratory system:   bronchospasm small and medium caliber. Nervous system:   violation of auditory perception, tinnitus, headaches, dizziness.

Mode of application:

Atsekardol advised to take before meals. Tablets desirable drink sufficient volume of liquid. The drug is prescribed for a long time. Multiplicity of reception - 1 times a day. For suspected acute myocardial infarction to prevent appoint 100 mg daily or 300 mg every other day. Chewable tablet provides a more rapid effect, which is very important in the early hours of myocardial infarction. In the presence of several risk factors for the prevention of new-onset acute myocardial infarction prescribed 300 mg a day or 100 mg daily. Warning unstable angina, reinfarction, prevention of transient ischemic blood circulation, ischemic stroke 100-300 mg daily. For the prevention of pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis is prescribed 300 mg a day or 100 mg daily

Special instructions:

Atsekardol may provoke bronchospasm and bronchial asthma. Risk factors: a history of nasal polyposis, hay fever , Drug allergies, asthma. The achieved effect of inhibiting platelet aggregation is maintained for a few days, which may cause bleeding at an emergency surgery. Before elective surgery medication canceled at least 7 days. In predisposed patients Atsekardol in small doses may cause gout. At risk persons with reduced excretion Uric acid . At higher doses significantly increases the risk of digestive tract bleeding. Atsekardol no effect on the ability to drive. When treating glbkokortikosteroidami be aware that when they are canceling the possibility of overdose with salicylates. It is unacceptable to use the drug to pregnant women, especially in the 1 and 3 trimesters. Price Atsekardola - up to 100 rubles.

Drug Interactions:

Atsekardol able to enhance the effect of Heparin . Methotrexate , Anticoagulants indirect effects (due to functional abnormalities in platelets), antiplatelet agents, and thrombolytic medicines Digoxin   (due to lower its renal excretion system), hypoglycemic agents, valproemoy acid (based on its mechanism of displacement due to plasma proteins). The risk of bleeding is increased by the use of antiplatelet agents, thrombolytics, and antikoagulnyatnyh funds. There is a growing toxic effects of ethanol on the work of the brain and nervous system, while the use of alcohol. Atsekardol able to weaken the action and other urikozuricheskih benzbromarina Drug Administration (mechanism based on the competitive reduction of renal excretion of uric acid in the tubules), diuretics (due to lower filtration rate at the level of the glomeruli), ACE inhibitors. Systemic steroids weaken the effect Atsekardola by increasing the elimination of salicylates.