Bacterial vaginosis

November 1, 2011

Related Articles:

• Coming on holiday? Tips medics
• Price Makmiror Complex
• Avelox
• Septolete

Tweet

Bacterial vaginosis   - Gynecological infectious not inflammatory disease. Characterized by the emergence of the disease due to sexual contact. According to statistics vaginosis affects 20% of women of reproductive age. It is characterized by changes in disease vaginal environment   and Flora, reduced production lactic acid   and decreasing the pH of the vaginal environment. Thus, by having a neutral medium does not prevent the development of various bacteria, including Trichomonas .

Vaginal microflora can be represented as mobile ecosystem . In normal vaginal flora comprises lactobacilli Which play a protective function. Lactobacilli recycling glycogen   (women of reproductive age vaginal epithelial cells comprise a large number of glycogen) into lactic acid, thereby reducing the acidity of the vagina. Additionally, lactobacilli are capable of forming hydrogen peroxide . Hydrogen peroxide and acidic environment of the vagina inhibit the multiplication of opportunistic bacteria ( streptococci . staphylococci . Anaerobic bacteria . E. coli . Mobiluncus spp . Gardnerella vaginalis .). Which small amounts detected in the vast majority of microflora of the vagina of women.

If the body is reduced the proportion of lactobacilli in their place in the ecosystem occupy opportunistic bacteria   (Gardnerella vaginalis in the first place). Recent contribute to the release of volatile amines, which are comparable to the smell of rotten fish smell.

Bacterial vaginosis is not sexually transmitted, because it is not venereal disease . The bacteria are pathogens of bacterial vaginosis (especially Gardnerella vaginalis) can be transmitted through sexual contact. But their transmission from woman to woman can not be the main cause of the disease. Since small amounts of these bacteria are part of the vaginal microflora of the vast majority of women.

Unprotected sex, however, can play a role in the emergence of bacterial vaginosis. The whole point is not of infection, and that seed of sexual partner   or multiple sexual partners are responsible for changes in vaginal microflora.

The main cause of the disease are not simply the presence of causative bacteria of bacterial vaginosis (they are present in almost every woman in small quantities), and the change in proportions of opportunistic microbes (which causes bacterial vaginosis) and lactobacilli. The proportion of lactobacilli in bacterial vaginosis is reduced, and the proportion of pathogens increases. Therefore, bacterial vaginosis is known in medicine dysbiosis vagina .

By the occurrence of bacterial vaginosis may result as the inner body impact and external influences, the so-called exogenous   and endogenous factors . It may be hormonal changes, decreased immune protection violations in the intestine, in particular microbiocenosis . Can cause disease and causes such as the use of antibiotics, hormones, immunosuppressants, as well as the previously transferred inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system.

The causative bacteria for bacterial vaginosis is not dangerous to men. The men, who had discovered the causative agent of Gardnerella vaginalis, as well as sexual partners of patients with bacterial vaginosis women do not need treatment.

Symptoms of bacterial vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis has no specific symptoms. For some diseases characterized by clinical manifestations, it is abundant creamy selection   from the vagina. They have a uniform grayish white color, often stick to the walls of the vagina. Because of the collapse of the amines that are produced by bacteria, vaginal secretions are often unpleasant, so-called "fishy" odor. Allocation cause bacterial vaginosis symptoms such as burning and itching in the vagina. Often it causes pelvic inflammatory disease, sometimes unpleasant pain during intercourse.

There are several types of vaginitis, each of them has its own symptoms:

• Aerobic vaginitis   - Is a result of contact with the mucous membrane of aerobic microflora, while non-recurring lactoflora normal vagina.
• Trichomonas vaginitis   - It is one of the most common types of vaginitis.
• Candida vaginitis   - Inflammation fungus, which are the main agents of yeast fungi Candida .
• Allergic vaginitis   - Is a type of genital allergy, which is caused by the use of drugs to prevent unwanted pregnancy or treating diseases of genitals.
• Desquamative inflammatory vaginitis   - A type of nonspecific vaginitis.

Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis

Diagnosis of the disease is carried out in several stages. The first laboratory study conducted for the presence of smears clue cells . When staining with methylene blue smears can detect flat epithelial cells, which are attached gardnerelly Because the cells become like priperchenny views. In addition, the laboratory analysis include swabs amine test . In the study of vaginal discharge with a diluted solution of 5-10% potassium hydroxide . Emerging with the smell of fish, or more precisely amine odor indicates the presence of disease.

Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis also includes determining the pH of vaginal flora. To do this directly during the inspection on the gynecological chair, the doctor inserts with tweezers pH paper in a secret vault vlagalishnogo. The presence of the disease is determined at pH 4, 5.

The presence of all these signs and symptoms of bacterial vaginosis accurately confirm the diagnosis. You can diagnose the disease and by the isolation of pure cultures of bacteria, but this diagnosis is ineffective. This is due to the fact that more than 58% of healthy women have a high level of microbes Gardnerella vaginalis   in vaginal secretions.

Treatment of bacterial vaginosis

The disease requires medical treatment. Appointed by antibiotics such as metronidazole . clindamycin . tinidazole . They are produced in the formulations for oral and vaginal use. It flagyl . metrogel . kleotsin . tindamaks . Vlagalishnye drugs are more effective, they often include treatment of bacterial vaginosis. They produce fewer side effects, but still the risk of thrush .

The best way to treat bacterial vaginosis is metronidazole   (eg, Trichopolum ) Taken for 7 days, 2 times a day at 500 mg orally. Sometimes the drug is poorly tolerated (can cause nausea). It is not compatible with alcohol. However, systemic treatment may reduce the likelihood of complications caused by bacterial vaginosis.

Reserve drugs:

Clindamycin   ( dalatsin . klimitsin ) For 7 days, 2 times a day at 300 mg orally. Clindamycin helps to suppress the growth of not only the bacteria Gardnerella vaginalis But also lactobacillus ( Lactobacillus spp. ). Clindamycin is appointed in the case of untreated patients metronidazole.

Clindamycin cream At a concentration of 2% ( dalatsin ) Is administered with the included applicator in the vagina for 1 to 5 days once a day (at night). Of course, local treatment is much better tolerated, but less effective systemic treatment reduces the risk of complications of bacterial vaginosis.

Metronidazole Gel 0, 75% ( metrogil . flagyl ) Is introduced into the vagina using an applicator supplied for 5 days, 2 times a day. As with the previous formulation, topical treatment is much better tolerated, but less effective systemic treatment reduces the risk of complications of bacterial vaginosis.

There are other treatment of bacterial vaginosis, its system consists of two stages. Firstly, it is necessary to suppress reproduction Pathogens . For these purposes the irrigation solution of boric acid and lactic acid, but there are more modern medicines. Namely, the drug Fluomizin   - A broad spectrum antiseptic drug effects - is applied intravaginally once (one tablet) for 6 days.

It is worth noting that the drug can be used during pregnancy for the rehabilitation of generic channels. It is performed in the same way, the beginning of therapeutic treatment - 6-7 days prior to the PRD.

In the second step is carried out restoration vaginal biocenosis . For this purpose locally eubiotics , Neighbourhood medicines containing strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria.

Complications of bacterial vaginosis: a nasty smell discharge, discomfort, itching; development endometritis   (after cesarean section, post-abortion, post-partum); the risk of premature birth and abortion   in late pregnancy.