Stroke

March 31 2012

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Stroke   - Very heavy and particularly dangerous disease in which there is an infringement of blood circulation in the brain. As a result, the brain tissue dies due to lack of the required supply in the brain. As a result, the human brain damage occurs, and its vessels are clogged or broken.

Causes of stroke

The main cause of stroke in humans is cerebral thrombosis : artery Which supplies blood to the brain, becomes blocked by a blood clot. These clots, called thrombi Mainly occur in people who are sick atherosclerosis . The second reason for the occurrence of stroke becomes a brain hemorrhage: there is internal bleeding. Sometimes the affected artery disease of the brain ruptures and blood comes out of it in the adjacent brain tissue. Consequently, those cells that were fed the affected artery, they do not receive the necessary oxygen and blood. Basically cerebral hemorrhage occurs in those patients who are suffering from both atherosclerosis   and increased blood pressure .

Thus, the person has a stroke as a result of damage to nerve cells that are present in the brain and provide control over the functioning of the human organism as a whole. Nerve cells die due to severe disruption of blood flow in a certain part of the brain. Active brain cells do not receive the necessary amount of blood. As a result, these cells die, and certain muscles of the body are no longer necessary to enter commands. Because of this, the patient stroke occurs paralysis , Speech disorder, vision, a number of other neurological disorders.

Types of stroke

In medicine, there are two fundamentally different kinds of strokes: hemorrhagic stroke   (vessel is broken, there is hemorrhage) and ischemic stroke   (vessel becomes blocked). Both types of strokes occur primarily in people who are susceptible hypertension , Heart disease ( heart disease . heart failure . atrial fibrillation . tachycardia ) cerebral atherosclerosis .

As a rule, the development of stroke occur suddenly and sharply, while the brain is damaged in a few minutes. In this case, it is the completion of a stroke. In rare cases, Bole general human condition deteriorates gradually - over several hours or days in the process of increasing the affected brain tissue. In such a case occurs in the development of stroke. The disease may be suspended for a short time: the area affected tissue ceases to grow for some time.

Symptoms of ischemic stroke occur depending on what part of the brain has evolved damage. These symptoms resemble the symptoms of transient ischemic attacks, but brain function is impaired more strongly affect the vast area of ​​the body. In ischemic stroke may occur coma   or depression of consciousness more mild. A man with a stroke is suffering from depression, it often can not cope with their own emotions.

With ischemic stroke   there is often a cephaledema . This condition is dangerous because the skull of man there is no free space. As a result, due to the compression of the brain tissue is damaged even more. As a result, the patient's condition worsens when that area is directly stroke is not growing.

People who have suffered at the time of ischemic stroke in the process of rehabilitation or restore all the functions of most of them. At the same time recovering from the disease for many years a person can live a full life. However, in some cases, the patient after a stroke is a violation of both physical and intellectual functions. A person may lose the ability to eat normally, walking and talking.

After the occurrence of stroke in the early days of the experts can not accurately determine the further development of the patient: it can either improve or deteriorate. According to statistics, the partial restoration of functions occurs in patients with unilateral paralysis and with less severe lesions already by the time they leave the hospital. A person can independently care for themselves and continues to rehab. Sick relatively confident walk, his thinking clearly and fully, but use him paralyzed arm still extremely difficult. That hand is more than a foot touches the defeat in paralysis.

About a fifth of the people infected ischemic stroke die still in the hospital. This statement applies to a greater extent in older people.

About unfavorable prognosis in this case show some of the symptoms of stroke: disturbances in cardiac and respiratory function, unconsciousness. In the case of preservation of neurological disorders for six months, you can most likely say that such violations will be irreversible. However, there are patients who improved progresses very slowly. Bol hard recovery process in ischemic stroke occurs in older people, as well as in patients with other serious illnesses.

With   hemorrhagic stroke a person comes from entering the blood into the brain due to hemorrhage. The man in the intracerebral hemorrhage appears sharply headache Accompanied accruing neurological disorders. This can be a severe weakness, confusion, inability to move, loss of sensation, vision, speech.

Very often, as manifest symptoms of hemorrhagic stroke cramps, nausea, vomiting. The patient loses consciousness, and it all happens in a few minutes.

Usually, the diagnosis of hemorrhagic stroke produced without assigning additional studies. But if there is a suspicion of ischemic stroke, it is necessary to conduct computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging.

Symptoms of stroke

In hemorrhagic stroke, unlike ischemic, vessel ruptures high blood pressure, because patients with atherosclerosis, the artery wall thins unevenly. The blood, which goes to the brain tissue under high pressure starts to push the brain tissue, after which the cavity appears blood tumor, also known as an intracerebral hematoma.

During hemorrhage, hemorrhagic stroke, could happen during the gap formation in the form of a pouch, which appears on the wall of the vessel ( aneurysm ). Such bleeding occurs most frequently in the meninges. It is called subarachnoid . This kind of bleeding is most common for young people who have not attained the age of forty. In this case exhibit characteristic symptoms of stroke. The person feels a sudden blow to the head, which is comparable with a sharp blow with a dagger. Exhibits very severe headache, causes a person to scream and lose consciousness. You may experience seizures. A little later, consciousness returns, the patient is drowsiness , Confusion, headache is very intense, perhaps a manifestation of nausea and vomiting. However, the fundamental difference is the absence of symptoms of paralysis in contrast to the stroke with the advent of brain hematoma.

If a person develops a hemorrhagic stroke and formed intracerebral hematoma , It appears quite rapidly. Initially there   hypertensive crisis Headache is amplified, it is frequently observed in one half of the head. A little later, a man changed the complexion to red or gray, the patient wheezes, loses consciousness, it is sometimes overcome by repeated bouts of vomiting. After a certain time, this type of stroke may occur seizure, convulsions thus will predominate on one side of the body. On the side of the pupil expands stroke. If the patient returns to consciousness, then it is observed paralysis. Moreover, if the limbs are paralyzed on the right side, such paralysis is accompanied by speech impairments (a phenomenon called aphasia ). When the left limb paralysis in humans will occur vivid mental disabilities.

Symptoms of ischemic stroke less pronounced, are unclear, and therefore this kind of disease is more insidious. Symptoms of the disease in this case increasing gradually.

If an ischemic stroke is shown, the patient holds rigidity   neck muscles. One can not bend your head forward to touch the chin to the chest due to very tight neck muscles. The same phenomenon is developing in the leg muscles. Straight leg man can not raise, taking her by the heel. Also, this form of stroke appears meningeal syndrome Which indicates irritation of the meninges blood.

In people with hemorrhagic stroke disease is always fatal ending: people with this disease can not live more than two days. They die without regaining consciousness. Subarachnoid haemorrhage from aneurysm occurs most often after a heavy physical exertion or serious nerve stress, accompanied by a sharp increase in blood pressure.

No less insidious disease are transient ischemic attacks. Depending on exactly where there was damage to the brain, the patient feels weakness in the leg or arm on one side. At the same time patients have speech disorders: he can not speak clearly. It is also possible manifestation of blindness. After some time, the symptoms disappear, but during the day they periodically appear again. Thus, calling for an ambulance, the patient may feel ill, and a doctor on arrival his condition is already quite normal. Later this patient appears hemiplegia, aphasia.

This state is not yet completed stroke, and this will happen soon. Therefore, a person with such symptoms require emergency hospitalization.

First aid for stroke

Stroke care should be provided in the first few minutes, because it is immediately after the stroke, medical care will be most effective. The patient must be placed in a comfortable position, free from wear, which prevents to breathe deeply, to ensure the inflow of fresh air. In the mouth, there should be no prosthetic vomitus. It is important that the neck lay flat, so as not to impair the blood flow in the vertebral arteries.

Transporting patients with stroke should be exclusively in the supine position. Caring for the sick afterwards, you need to constantly turn it from side to side to avoid any bedsores, feed, carry out all hygiene procedures, massage, etc.

Diagnosis of Stroke

Identifies three stages of diagnosis of stroke. The first step is to distinguish from other stroke, pathological conditions in a patient that affects the brain. After this set, what type of stroke occurs. The third stage - the definition of which is localized hemorrhage. To determine the type of stroke is necessary to conduct laboratory tests, biochemical studies, and a study of cerebrospinal fluid. If necessary, the number of additional studies.

Stroke care

In order for the treatment of stroke was carried out at the right scheme, the attending physician shall first determine the condition at this hour stay vital functions of the patient. It is about breathing and circulation. If you have a problem moments in the work of these systems or the presence of other conditions for urgent, first make every effort to avoid such problems and the normalization of these systems. And only after that the doctor figures out the type of stroke and prescribes treatment.

Treatment of stroke is assigned depending on what type. If diagnosed with ischemic stroke, all efforts will be primarily aimed at restoring blood flow in the brain. In the case of hemorrhagic stroke, it is important to reduce blood pressure and to stop bleeding in the cranium or the brain.

Also in the treatment of stroke is carried out vascular therapy, prescribed medicines that stimulate the brain metabolism. Also it carried oxygen therapy. After the main course of treatment should be long-term replacement therapy.

Rehabilitation after stroke

Rehabilitation after stroke is carried out using a variety of effective methods. This is a course of massage, physiotherapy, special physiotherapy.

The most important point that should always be remembered relatives of patients with stroke, is the need to closely monitor the level of blood pressure, pulse, and ensure compliance with the rules of receiving all the medicines prescribed by your doctor.

In the process of patient care necessary to control his body temperature, regular chair, the amount of urine. If the chair is not a person within three days, we should make it a cleansing enema. When the observed deviation from the norm in the monitoring of urine and body temperature should immediately inform the doctor.

It is important that the patient feels comfortable: the room should be quiet, clean, constantly ventilated. Optimally, the man lying on a mattress of foam, which does not bend.

Breathing exercises   - One of the most important elements in the process of rehabilitation after stroke. To train the breath, a person can get inflated rubber toys, balloons. About once at three o'clock in the patient's need to turn to due to prolonged lying he did not have any bedsores.

Depending on whether a man walk without assistance should enable it to carry out all hygiene procedures.

Patients who are undergoing rehabilitation after a stroke, are often more receptive to people and events or, on the contrary, exercise extreme passivity. At the same time they are often present mental disorders. These people need to show some patience, but indulging the whims are not welcome. It is important that there is no conflict, and the man remained calm. Calm and balanced psychological climate promotes rapid rehabilitation.

Power should also be healthy with a daily caloric 2200-2500 kcal no more.

It is important to tune in for a long period of rehabilitation after a stroke, and some of the functions in humans may recover only partially.

Stroke Prevention

To prevent stroke, it is important to adhere to a number of time-tested recommendations. Particular care is necessary to monitor their health to those people whose families have already been cases of strokes. If there is such a predisposition to strokes, the pressure must be controlled regularly.

Yet another measure that requires constant monitoring, this content cholesterol   in blood. Normal performance in this case is no more than 6, 2 mmol / liter. If this figure is exceeded, it is necessary to consult a specialist and lifestyle changes.

To prevent stroke, it is important to minimize the use of salt and everyday fat   animal categorically give up smoking and alcohol abuse.

No less important to provide the body with an appropriate level of physical activity. It is useful to run, a lot of walking, skiing and cycling. Positive effects on the body swimming, moderate bath treatments and tempering.

There are several formulations suitable for receiving as prophylactic agents. They need to drink several times a year. The most commonly used herein are formulations Sermion . cavinton . Cinnarizinum . Aminalon .