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Causes of mumps
Symptoms of mumps occur in humans due to exposure to the virus from the group of paramyxoviruses. You can become infected just from someone who is sick symptomatic or inapparent form mumps. The person becomes infectious to others for 1-2 days before it has manifested clinical symptoms first pig, and the first five days of the disease. Once symptoms of the disease disappear, the person becomes non-contagious. Transmission of the virus in adults and children going through airborne droplets. However, until today, experts do not rule out the possibility of transmission through contaminated objects. People have a high susceptibility to infection. The virus enters the body through the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract.
Most often, the disease affects children, and representatives of males suffer from mumps in about one and a half times more likely. Frequently pig develops in children between 3 and 7 years. Overall, about 90% of cases are diagnosed in children and adolescents who are under 15 years old. Most often, the virus affects people in the spring - in March and April. The lowest number of cases observed in August and September. The disease can be both sporadic and epidemic outbreaks occur. Overall morbidity was reduced after became habitual practice of mass immunization with live vaccine. Once a person ill with the mumps, he develops a life immunity to the disease.
Symptoms
Typically, mumps in children and adults begins acutely. Initially, a person worried about a fever, his temperature rises considerably. In the development of the disease fever may persist about 1 week. At the same time the patient is suffering from a headache, weakness, insomnia . To reduce these symptoms, symptomatic treatment is practiced. But sometimes the symptoms of mumps in children and adults occur at normal body temperature. The main features of mumps - an inflammation of the salivary glands. As a rule, it affects the parotid gland, but sometimes inflamed submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. It noted their tenderness and swelling.
If there is a marked increase in parotid gland changing contours of the face: it becomes pear-shaped. From the destruction rise earlobe swelling on the skin is stretched and shiny, but it does not change color. Most often celebrated bilateral defeat, but it does occur one-way defeat.
The patient is experiencing discomfort. In the area of the ear feels the tension and pain that is worse at night. If the tumor compresses the Eustachian tube, it may cause noise in the ears and pain. There the so-called symptom Filatov - Severe pain on pressure over the ear lobe. It is this symptom is considered one of the earliest and most important features of the pig.
Sometimes the pain prevents the patient to chew food. There may be hearing loss, dry mouth. The pain subsides toward the end of the first week of the disease. Also at this time gradually disappears swelling of the salivary glands.
Mumps in adults appears more pronounced symptoms. Sometimes patients are concerned catarrhal and dyspeptic symptoms, and acute phase of the disease runs harder than in children. Swelling can spread to the neck and lasts longer - about two weeks. Such features readily determined both visually and by photos.
Complications
Another complication of mumps - orchitis . It is most often seen in adult patients. Orchitis symptoms appear 5-7 days mumps: notes repeated fever, severe pain in the testicles and scrotum, the testicles increase. It requires immediate treatment of this condition, otherwise can develop testicular atrophy . Children pig disease in adults can cause not only mumps orchitis, and its further complication - priapism (prolonged erection of the penis unrelated to the excitation).
But the most dangerous situation is when the pig develops in boys during adolescence. Mumps Symptoms of inflammation sometimes appear testicular or ovarian cancer. As a result, approximately every tenth of a boy who had been ill with mumps in childhood, adulthood observed infertility .
In addition to the complications of mumps may develop acute pancreatitis , Signs of which are observed at 4-7-day illness. Also, in some cases, it appears arthritis . Serious complication of the disease can become complete deafness. Mumps in pregnant women may cause fetal abnormalities. As a rule, these children affected heart. If the disease develops in women or girls, some as complications can occur destruction of ovarian and breast cancer.
Diagnostics
Diagnosis of mumps in the manifestation of typical symptoms is not difficult for the expert. For other diseases of infectious nature of the defeat of the parotid glands again, moreover, it is purulent. But on closer examination, the patient's physician to easily differentiate other diseases.
To determine the presence of the virus in the organism used laboratory methods. The most informative is the isolation of mumps virus from the blood. It is also detected in other fluids - swabs from the throat, parotid gland secretions and urine.
Used immunofluorescence techniques to detect viruses in cell culture after 2-3 days. At the same time, standard methods of detecting the presence of virus only after 6 days.
Treatment
In the absence of special treatment should be understood that the vaccine - this is the main method to prevent disease. Therefore, vaccination should be carried out in accordance with the general child vaccination schedule.
Keep in mind that the causes of complications after mumps - is, above all, failure to comply with the rules of bed rest. It is to be followed depending on the severity of symptoms.
As a rule, when chewing mumps patients feel pain and discomfort. Therefore, in the days of illness have to use frayed or semi-liquid food. The diet should include light food of plant origin, as well as dairy products. You should not eat sour fruits, as they annoyingly affects the salivary glands.
If the patient developed complications in this case it requires hospitalization. The most dangerous complication is meningitis and inflammation of the testicles . Especially dangerous is the pig boys complicated, because the consequences can be very serious.
If the complications developing orchitis Then at the first sign is assigned prednisolone for 5-7 days, or more corticosteroids. Treatment with corticosteroids is practiced, and meningitis. In acute pancreatitis is important to follow a strict diet. Appointed atropine . papaverine As well as drugs which inhibit the enzymes.
Prevention
To prevent mumps in children and adults, use the only effective method of prevention - vaccination. Vaccination against mumps is held for children between the ages of 12 to 15 months (according to the calendar of vaccination). In 6 years revaccination. Introduced vaccine or in the outer surface of the shoulder or at vane subcutaneously. If a child without a history of mumps previously had contact with those who have exhibited symptoms of mumps, it can be immediately inoculate vaccine against mumps. Mumps and measles and rubella prevented by compulsory vaccination because of the high probability of complications. Do not observed direct contraindications to vaccination mumps vaccine.
A child gets vaccinated against mumps vaccination in accordance with the calendar, can get sick from this disease. However, mumps after vaccination occurs only in mild form. In addition, such human virus from the environment does not stand out, and therefore, this patient is not contagious to others.
To prevent infection with the virus during pregnancy Woman still in the planning stage, it should be tested for determination antibodies to mumps. If antibodies are present in the body, it indicates the presence of immunity to mumps a woman who plans to become a mother. In the absence of such antibodies need to carry out the vaccination against mumps before pregnancy.
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