One of the effects of stress Including training stress - free radical oxidation, seriously affect our health, both positively and negatively. What free radicals ? There Are they helpful? In some cases, harmful?
In 1954, Dr. Denham Harman expressed the idea of communication causes of certain diseases with damaging effect free radicals Explaining the reasons for the emergence and development of more than sixty different kinds of diseases. So there was a free radical theory.
The process aging now be explained with the free radical theory, m. k. free radicals damage cells that are not able to divide and perform their biological functions. Thus, the rate of aging is directly depending on what prevails - capable of dividing cells or cells damaged by free radical processes.
What are free radicals?
This high-level atoms or molecules having unpaired electrons that are not involved in the formation of a chemical bond, which is why they are very active and tend to react with all the consecutive damaging compounds (lipids, DNA, proteins) that react.
Damage macromolecules (and cells in general) as a result of the action of the active oxygen species is called oxidative stress.
In the picture: 1.Zdorovaya Cage - 2 cell is subjected to free radical attack - 3 cells damaged by oxidative stress.
To indicate the free radicals in Russia used the abbreviation "ROS-reactive oxygen species" in Europe - ROS, reactive oxygen species (which means in translation is the same). The name is not entirely accurate, because the free radicals can be derived not only oxygen, but also nitrogen, chlorine, and the reactive molecules - such as hydrogen peroxide.
The process of oxidative DNA damage plays an important role in the onset of various age-related diseases: atherosclerosis, cancer, diabetes, arthritis, asthma, Alzheimer's disease, cataracts, multiple sclerosis, thrombophlebitis many others.
As there are free radicals?
By the occurrence of free radicals cause various factors.
Free radicals are divided into primary, secondary and tertiary.
Primary free radicals continuously generated during the life of the organism as a means of defense against bacteria, viruses, alien and degenerate (cancer) cells.
Secondary radicals, unlike primary operates physiologically beneficial functions. On the contrary, they have had a devastating effect on the cellular structures in an effort to take away electrons from "full" of molecules, resulting in "victim" of the molecule becomes a free radical itself (tertiary), but more often weak, incapable of destroying action.
It is the formation of secondary radicals (radicals do not) leads to the development of pathological conditions and underlying carcinogenesis, atherosclerosis, chronic inflammatory and degenerative nerve diseases.
Factors that cause oxidative stress - Violation of the redox equilibrium towards the formation of secondary oxidation and free radicals - are numerous and are directly linked to our way of life.
In small quantities, free radicals play a useful role in maintaining health, taking part in the millions of chemical reactions. They help digest food, fight boeleznetvornymi bacteria, fungi and viruses. Exposure to intense exercise and adverse environmental factors leads to a failure of natural control mechanisms. In this case, the activity of free radicals increases destructively acting on the body.
Number svobonyh radicals avalanche increases during heavy physical activity, preventing urgent rehabilitation and readiness of the organism to seluduyuschey training.
Antioxidants - a compound having "excess" of free electrons that readily bind with free radicals and cause destructive chain reaction. They help to neutralize the negative manifestations of oxidation in the body.
In the practice of sports used sledubschie antioxidants: vitamins A, C, E, B15, beta-carotene and selenium. If you exercise and are already taking a multivitamin complexes, can you recommend supplementation with antioxidant complex 0, 5-1 daily dose.
In addition, they possess antioxidant svoysvami: enzymes neyrobutal (hydroxybutyrate Calcium) hydroxybutyrate sodium olifen (hypoxia) alaptogeny, coenzyme Q10, ubiquinone, honey and pollens.
Among the non-drug way to eliminate the harmful effect of free radical oxidation is necessary to remember such as hypoxic respiratory exercise, fasting, weight loss, anti-giperadaptozom (see. The previous article). Reducing the consumption of oxygen by the body, reducing the content of fatty acids, reduced basal metabolism - all this greatly reduces the body's free radical compounds.
All this in a future article.
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