Types of baldness (alopecia)

June 24, 2011

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Alopecia   or, more correctly, alopecia   - A disease which is characterized by abnormal hair loss varying degrees of intensity, resulting in partial or complete hair loss.

There is this pathology   for a variety of reasons, some of which are unclear, because of the small study. There is no uniform classification and alopecia. Currently alopecia divided into total   (complete absence of hair) diffuse   (sudden baldness) and focal   (alopecia occurs in some limited areas).

Also, dermatology distinguishes disease origin and clinical features:

• congenital,
• seborrheic,
• symptomatic,
• alopecia,
• premature.

Each of them, in turn, is divided into several types.

Congenital alopecia.   This type of alopecia ( alopecia congenita ) Is characterized by a partial or complete lack of hair follicles due presumably genetic abnormalities and refers to ektomezodermalnym Dysplasia . Alopecia may be congenital and independent disease, and part of the overall pathology. The disease is caused by a violation of the synthesis of certain amino acids and is quite rare.

Seborrheic alopecia.   The cause of seborrheic alopecia is a complication of seborrhea is associated with the violation of the sebaceous glands. Long-term qualitative and quantitative changes in allocated sebum leads to the emergence of Dandruff   and seborrhea, and as a result to hair loss. Seborrheic alopecia occurs in approximately 25% of adolescents during puberty and reaches a peak in 23-27 years.

Symptoms of seborrheic alopecia is the type of pain, dandruff, itchy scalp. The hair becomes greasy look and feel, stick together in untidy strands. The scalp and hair roots are covered with scales greasy yellowish or grayish color. The life of hair is gradually reduced, they begin to fall. There is a violation of the physiological process of change the hair, the new hair is gradually replaced by vellus. The coat begins to thin or bald spots appear foci.

Most 30-year-old age, hormonal balance is restored to normal, and the sebaceous glands. Treatment of seborrheic alopecia type should begin as soon as possible, with a hike to a specialist or dermatologist trihologu, diseases are diagnosed hair tricology office. Self can lead to irreversible loss of hair.

Treatment of alopecia in this case, the first thing to start to combat seborrhea. The complex treatment consists of two stages. A restorative phase involves correcting the diet and its compliance, improving the body's immune system and vitamin course, adherence of the day and rest, because the psychological state of the patient's immune system and is very influenced by the rate of recovery. Seborrheic alopecia is treated using special ointments, shampoos, masks, which contain complexes of active elements, stop inflammation and stimulate hair growth.

Symptomatic alopecia (diffuse) . Causes of alopecia are as symptomatic complication heavy flow of common diseases: infections, endocrinopathies, and many others, as well as a result of poisoning, radiation exposure or prolonged cytostatic therapy. Under toxic or autoimmune effect on the hair papillae, stops their growth. The disease is total, duffuzny or focal character. After the cessation of chemical exposure, hair growth is usually restored.

There are a separate group of some diseases, leading to scar alopecia:

• viral diseases, for example, shingles   or chicken pox ;
• bacterial diseases ( syphilis . carbuncle , Boil, tuberculosis   and etc.);
• fungal (favus, microsporia , Infiltrative-suppurative trichophytosis);
• connective tissue disease ( systemic lupus erythematosus , Scleroderma);
• hereditary disorders and developmental defects, such as aplasia of the skin, epidermal nevus , Atrophy face, bruising of hair follicles, etc .;
• physical damage (mechanical trauma, thermal or radiation exposure);
• Some kinds of neoplasms (squamous cell carcinoma, siringoma et al.);
  protozoa (leishmaniasis);
• dermatoses of various origins (lipoid necrobiosis, psevdopelada Brock sarcoidosis Syndrome Little-Lassyuera et al.).

Scar alopecia treated only surgically, by a hair transplant. This operation is well developed, and if the area of ​​low-traumatic scar is small, gives a quick effect.

Alopecia symptomatic in other more often curable, and the sooner the expert finds out the cause of baldness and begin treatment, the more positive outlook.

Alopecia areata.   The most common alopecia areata affects children and young people of both sexes to 25 years. The etiology of the disease is not fully understood. In the pathogenesis of alopecia areata, presumed to play an important role of head trauma, endocrine diseases or neuro-trophic disorders with an autoimmune component. Hair fall as centers of circular or oval shape of various sizes, the hair follicles are reduced in size. In clinical forms distinguish subtypes of alopecia areata:

• total   - There is a complete lack of hair on the scalp;
• subtotal   - Absence of hair on the scalp for more than 40%;
• local   - Determined by one or more distinct rounded foci of alopecia;
• diffuse   - There is a noticeable thinning of hair on the scalp;
• ofiazis   - Pockets of alopecia affect the entire edge region of the growth of hair on the head, neck or frontotemporal area;
• universal   - The lack of hair on the scalp, eyelashes, eyebrows, complete or partial loss of vellus hair on the body.

The disease occurs unpredictably pockets suddenly appear and just as suddenly, after 3-6 months, may disappear. Sometimes the disease becomes chronic, the old centers of overgrown, but new ones appear.

The diagnosis is carried out on the basis of clinical symptoms and characteristics. It is recommended that clinical and laboratory research: general and biochemical analysis of blood, hair microscopy, determination of blood levels of cortisol, the CEB, X-ray of the skull, REG, hormonal blood test.

Alopecia areata is recognized pluricausal disease. Treatment of this type of alopecia complicates the difficulty of identifying the main causes of the mechanism of the disease, and therefore, there is the problem of its effectiveness.

Alopecia premature.   The mechanism of androgenic alopecia the most studied. Development of the disease is associated with an uncharacteristic action of androgen hormones, which is due to hereditary factors. Androgenic alopecia or premature, the most common form of baldness in men, and sometimes women. In men, the disease manifests itself in the beginning of puberty and finally formed 30 years. In 60% of cases, detailed clinical picture is observed in 40-50 years. Women get sick much later, almost half of the cases, the onset of disease accounts for 60-70 years, and expressed not complete baldness, and more or less thinning hair.

Symptoms of premature alopecia are replacing long hair vellus. Hair loss begins in frontal and parietal areas process then covers other areas of the head. As a result, the hair is left only at the edges of the scalp.

The skin on the hairless areas becomes thin, smooth and shiny. The openings of hair follicles are imperceptible. In the early stages of premature alopecia histologically by highlighting focal perivascular basophilic degeneration of the connective tissue sheath of the hair. For several cycles change the hair follicles affected progressively reduced. Below wrinkled first follicle can be seen the remains of sclerotic connective tissue of the vagina, which eventually disappear.

To restore hair, most often not possible, but a systematic intensive restorative treatment helps to significantly slow down the process of balding.

Treatment of alopecia

The basic condition for the successful treatment of alopecia is the elimination of all kinds of adverse psychological background, disorders of the digestive tract, kidneys and liver, nervous and endocrine systems, foci of chronic infections, helminthic infestation, and other factors contributing to the development of the disease.

Appointed:

• psychotropic and nootropics ( azafen . nootropil . sibazon )
• immunokorrigatornye drugs ( dekaris . methyluracil . taktivin )
• vitamins (A, E, multivitamins containing trace elements) phytin . biotin .

Alopecia areata, in addition to these drugs, requires the appointment angioprotectors ( doksium ) And drugs that improve the microcirculation ( trental ). Sometimes, in extreme cases, use of corticosteroid therapy in the form of chipping or pockets inside. However, there is no guarantee against recurrence.

From physical therapy techniques used in the treatment of alopecia d'Arsonval currents And in severe cases it is advisable to combine the UV rays from the reception of photosensitizers ( ammifurin . beroksan ) Or make photochemotherapy.

Positive effect gives reflexology, in particular, lazerorefleksoterapiya .

From the effective use of external funds annoying rubbing alcohol ( tincture of red pepper . naphthalan extract oil ), Corticosteroid creams, medication regeyn , Which includes Minoxidil . Spend course treatment of alopecia rubbing pilastina   or silokasta   in the lesions. The course consists of 6 days, the interval between courses of 1, 5 months.

It is important to strict dieting. Compulsory inclusion in the diet of fresh vegetables (especially cabbage and carrots); fruits (apricots, dried apricots, apples). As well as sea kale and products containing large amounts of gelatin (jelly, aspic, jelly). It is necessary to completely eliminate from the diet, alcohol, coffee, meats, pickles, spices, marinades, extractives, and limit intake of fats and carbohydrates.