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A healthy woman the uterus is located in the central part of the pelvis. The uterus is freely suspended on cords, so it is possible to shift in different directions. The mobility of the uterus allows for normal development pregnancy and the right for delivery . Moreover, due to the mobility of the uterus normally works intestines, bladder and other organs. At the same time with a strong filling of the bladder uterus moves upwards.
If the uterus is in a normal position, it does not contribute to keeping only ligaments and muscles of the pelvic floor, which serve for their specific support. With the gradual weakening of the muscles and ligaments of the vaginal wall prolapse occurs. As a result of the phenomenon of a woman is diagnosed " genital prolapse ".
According to medical statistics, this disease affects about one in ten women, whose age has not reached 35 years of age. After fifty years of age suffering from genital prolapse has every other woman.
Causes of genital prolapse
As a rule, the deletion and the subsequent loss of sex organs in women observed in old or senile. While directly uterus and its ligaments suffer certain changes associated with a woman's age. However, certain preconditions for the emergence of the disease occur in the adolescence and young age. It provided a number of reasons that determine the development of genital prolapse.
During many months of gestation there is a strong and constant pressure on the pelvic muscles, which are due to such exposure significantly relaxed. Especially a big load on the muscles occurs in the last trimester of pregnancy.
Accordingly, the pelvic floor muscles are often damaged during childbirth: as a result of a difficult birth, if the fetus is very large, with breech delivery, using forceps in the process of childbirth, with rapid delivery, as well as in case if there is a serious gap perineum. Basically these injuries occur in women whose first birth falls on a relatively late age. The fact that after thirty years of women perineal tissue becomes less elastic and badly stretched.
Another reason manifestations of genital prolapse - regular lifting and carrying of heavy objects, thereby increasing intra-abdominal pressure .
The omission and loss of genitals happens in chronic respiratory diseases that provoke a constant and severe cough. The factor that directly affects the development of the disease, is also in violation of the structure and development of connective tissue, which has the innate character. From the loss of genitals often suffered by women with obesity . chronic constipation . incorrect location of the uterus . Most uterine prolapse occurs during menstrual pause When there is a change in the patient hormonal balance . The woman, who at one time lived through surgery, as well as multiple births, such a disease is diagnosed more often.
Features of the development of genital prolapse
Omission genitals always develops gradually. The disease progresses relatively slowly, and its development has always displayed a negative quality of life and status of women. In the development of genital prolapse negative changes in the body are displayed not only in the function of the reproductive system of women, but also on the functioning of the organs that are close (we are talking about the bladder, rectum). Often as a result of the disease significantly reduced capacity for work are women. Sometimes genital prolapse leads directly to disability. Often women are afraid to visit a doctor as loss of sexual organs taken for the development of the tumor. As a consequence, the disease becomes more severe stage.
Stages of genital prolapse
In medicine, to distinguish between five different degrees of omission and loss of genitals. First degree - This is the initial period of the vaginal wall prolapse, which occurs as a consequence of a certain weakening of muscles of the urogenital diaphragm and pelvic floor. In this state, there is a slight omission of the front and rear walls of the vagina, and the pudendal cleft gapes.
At second degree disease pelvic floor muscles weaken more significantly. There is a gradual prolapse of the vaginal walls, while also lowered the bladder and rectum (its front wall).
At third degree the development of the disease has lowered the uterus and the cervix is at the entrance to the vagina.
The fourth degree the disease is characterized by incomplete uterine prolapse. At the same time the cervix is already resides outside the entrance to the vagina.
At last, fifth degree , A woman has complete uterine prolapse, in which the walls of the vagina are turned.
Symptoms of genital prolapse
If the patient holds one of the initial stages of the disease, the visible symptoms and the discomfort it may not feel at all. If prolapsed uterus becomes more serious form, the patient periodically hurts foreign body sensation in the vagina. The patient is often worried about the pain in the abdomen, which is drawing the character. Sometimes a woman take such feelings for the inflammatory process, the usual approach of ovulation or menstruation. The pain later also extends to the sacrum and lower back. In the later stages of the disease can be broken urination and defecation process much more difficult.
Genitals in loss also suffer certain changes: they stagnates lymph . blood . Due to disruption of supply of tissues necessary substances in the vagina and on the cervix appear sores . Such negative developments arise in part because there is friction on the clothing of the cervix. As a consequence, it is subject to high risk of infection. If a woman has developed sores on the vagina and uterus, then it gradually increases the amount of cables In which can be admixed with blood.
When a woman takes uterine prolapse, wherein the bladder is also lowered. In this case, the woman is suffering from urinary disorders: possible difficulty, frequent urination, and with a strong tension spring tsistitamozhet urinary incontinence . As a result, the consequence of such pathological changes can be the development of pyelonephritis or cystitis And renal dysfunction.
While walking the patient feels constant discomfort, which negatively affects the quality of her life.
Another important point for the woman who showed the omission of sexual organs are problems in sexual life. Over time, a patient can develop disorders of mental character.
Diagnosis of genital prolapse
To diagnose the disease, the doctor did not have to exert much effort. In most cases, to detect genital prolapse allows the most common examination by a gynecologist. To determine the degree of omission and loss of genitals doctor may ask a woman natuzhitsya, followed by an additional examination, determining whether there is a drooping of the walls of the rectum and bladder.
If a patient is diagnosed loss or omission of the genitals, it is required to take on a clinical account. Also, as a further study carried out kolkoskopiya . Such a study is carried out using a special device - kolkoskopa, with which you can conduct a thorough examination of the uterus. Sometimes the patient is also assigned an additional examination by a specialist urologist, which is made in order to determine the general condition of the urinary system.
Treatment of genital prolapse
Treatment of this disease the doctor assigned depending on the degree of loss of the genitals. If a woman is diagnosed first degree prolapse of the vaginal walls, it is important to take measures to prevent the progress of the disease in the future. To do this, it appointed a special physiotherapy . The exercises in this complex are selected in such a way as to increase the muscle tone of the anterior abdominal wall and the pelvic floor. Especially for restoration of elasticity of these muscles have developed a set of so-called Kegel exercises. This simple exercises that a woman can perform throughout the day, staying almost anywhere. Kegel exercises - a multiple postorennie squeeze and then relax the intimate muscles. In addition, a set of exercises include lifting the legs from a prone position, the standard exercise for the abdominals to support, "bicycle", and others.
In addition to performing complex physical therapy is recommended for women to swim. A good alternative to the exercise of physiotherapy is a long stair climbing, cycling.
It is important to perform the exercises correctly and regularly, since frequent breaks physiotherapy will be ineffective. Women with early-stage prolapse should be very careful to treat their own health: in any case, do not lift heavy objects, avoid heavy physical exertion. Furthermore, as a method of medical treatment of uterine prolapse applicable pelvic massage . In order to enhance blood flow to the vagina and strengthen the ligaments of women in menopause is often recommended to undergo treatment Estrogen . Use another method of conservative treatment: a woman enter special pessary (pessary) . These actions are taken if the operation is not possible because of the presence of contraindications. However, this method has certain disadvantages. In particular, the ring stretches the pelvic floor muscles stronger, and eventually the disease is further exacerbated.
In second degree prolapse, as well as more severe stages of the disease to women assigned conduct surgery. Today practiced holding different types of operations, which are selected depending on the degree of disease, age of the woman, her general state of health. Taking into account other factors. After surgical treatment, the doctor prescribes symptomatic therapy to eliminate inflammation.
If a woman is no longer planning a pregnancy, possible surgery to remove the uterus. Operations at loss of genitals in most cases performed without incisions on the abdomen, carrying out all manipulations through the vagina.
It is important that the optimal method of treatment determined by a physician, because after proper quality treatment disease does not manifest itself again, and the recovery period after a woman feels great.
Prevention of genital prolapse
To the omission of sexual organs are not manifested or after childbirth and the postmenstrual period, the woman must be conscious approach to their own health issues. If a woman waits for the child, she should be sure to carefully prepare for childbirth. In the process of labor expectant mother should strictly follow all the advice midwives to prevent rupture.
It is also important to avoid constipation: in this case, you should choose the right diet, a lot of walking, drinking plenty of fluids every day.
It is equally important for the prevention of this unpleasant disease undergo regular examination by a gynecologist. Women are encouraged to do so at least once a year. Sometimes additional data shall also appoint a doctor holding ultrasound of the uterus.
Women should avoid heavy lifting, weighing more than 10 kg. If all preventive measures are carefully observed, the figure of the disease is markedly reduced. Besides adhering to these recommendations, the woman with the first stage of genital prolapse can normally postpone pregnancy and have a baby.
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