September 14th, 2012
- Cervical dysplasia
- Cervical dysplasia
- Symptoms of polyps in the cervix
- The first month of pregnancy
Cervical disease in the world today common among women. In this trend towards a decrease in their number is not observed. Basically, these diseases are typical for young women who are in their reproductive years.
Features of cervical disease
Diseases of the cervix can be subdivided into several groups: precancerous . Malignant . inflammatory and background disease.
Background disease Which include ectopia of the cervix . leukoplakia . erosion . congenital ectopia . Cervical polyps They have a different pathogenesis. Cervix cover two different types of epithelium. Vaginal part of the cervix forms a flat stratified epithelium, and in the cervical canal is lined with a single layer cylindrical epithelium. Between these layers is part of the cervix, which is the transformation zone Project Name. It most often develop pathological conditions.
Cervical disease of this type can be manifested not only in women of reproductive age as a significant change in the female body that occur in adolescence and menopause, sometimes cause pathologies.
Baseline disease rarely turn into a malignant form. Yet constant medical supervision and treatment of such diseases must necessarily practiced.
Precancerous disease cervix - a pathological process, which over time can lead to the development of malignant disease. All these diseases are considered to be a certain degree of cervical dysplasia . Specific symptoms of these diseases does not show: all symptoms of comorbidities cause reproductive system.
Cancers disease cervical cancer diagnosed as a consequence of changes in the epithelium of the cervix. Malignant disease is always preceded by premalignant disease. Oncological pathology develops mainly in the area of transformation of the epithelium. Increasing the number of cases cervical cancer directly related to the irregular preventive visit to a gynecologist.
Inflammatory disease cervix - a certain species of genital infections that occur as a result of infection with pathogens such diseases.
Ectopic cervical
With the development of this disease in women columnar epithelium is moved to the vaginal area of the cervix. Sometimes this disease is also called pseudo. Determined by the type of congenital and acquired diseases. Several times more often ectopia of the cervix diagnosed in women with disrupted menstrual cycles.
Particularly if symptoms ectopic patients is observed in some cases increasing the number cables It appears spotting after sexual intercourse. During the examination, the doctor determines the presence of bright red area, which has an irregular shape. Treating doctor selects individually. If there is a uncomplicated psevdoeoroziya, the specialist may be limited to regular supervision and conduct the necessary research.
Ectropion of the cervix
In this state, a woman's muscle fibers to rupture occurs eversion cervical mucosa for cervical vaginal area. Most often this pathology manifests itself in women after delivery . abortion , Diagnostic procedures. In this case we are talking about a combination of scarring and pseudo. Women with this disease do not express complaints about the severe symptoms of the disease. Treatment, if necessary, performed surgically.
Leukoplakia of the cervix
This disease is characterized by the emergence of local processes keratinization multilayered epithelium. They may have different degrees of severity. Furthermore, different simple and proliferative leukoplakia . In the latter case, there is also a cell atypia. This state already refers to precancerous cervical ailments.
Leukoplakia occurs in women as a consequence of immune and endocrine factors, exposure to infections, and is a consequence of injuries. There are no clear symptoms of this disease are not observed. In the process of diagnosis of the disease is carried out not only cytology, but biopsy followed by histological examination.
Erythroplakia cervix
For this disease is characterized by atrophy of the local stratified squamous epithelium, due to which it becomes thinner. When erythroplakia observed the appearance of red spots on the ectocervix. Until today there is no accurate data on the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease. For the treatment used different techniques to destroy hearth disease.
Cervical polyps
Develops on the mucous cervical canal. These outgrowths covered epithelium divided into ferruginous and epidermizirovannye . They have a bright pink color, leaf-or oblong shape. In the diagnosis of this disease is important to differentiate it with large endometrial polyps. To diagnose polyps can be via ultrasound. Polyps are removed using a method that is selected individually.
Endometriosis Cervical
Endometriosis Cervical - Malaise, development in which the tissue is close to the endometrium, located in the vaginal area of the cervix, while in the normal tissue must be positioned so solely in the uterine cavity. This form of endometriosis diagnosed relatively rare. The main factors that trigger the disease, cervical injuries are obtained during childbirth, and diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, e.g., biopsy. The severity of symptoms of endometriosis is not observed, but sometimes this pathology manifested bloody discharge after sexual intercourse, and before menstruation and after.
Diagnosis of the disease is carried out using kolkospkopii, if necessary, shall be appointed as a biopsy of the cervix. After the diagnosis, doctors sometimes come to the conclusion that the treatment of endometriosis, cervical patient can not appoint.
Cervical cancer
As the etiology and pathogenesis of precancerous lesions and cervical cancer are the same. One of the major causes of such pathologies is human papilloma virus . Approximately 90% of cases of varying degrees of dysplasia and cervical cancers in the body, the patient has HPV. Precancerous lesions may progress to cancer over a period of two to ten years. It is therefore very important to detect the early stages of dysplasia and to provide adequate treatment.
If a woman does not mark dysplasia symptoms severe symptoms. Therefore, diagnosis of disease involves a histological examination in order to obtain accurate information.
Tactics of treatment of cancer and precancerous conditions is determined according to age, stage of disease. Approximately half of the cases of mild cervical dysplasia is assigned only to regular monitoring, as the disease is cured on their own. When dysplasia is often administered cone biopsy of the cervix produced using different techniques. Treatment of cancer is appointed with all the individual characteristics of a disease.
Diagnosis of diseases of the cervix
Some pathological phenomena in the cervical specialist can detect during a simple gynecological examination. However, inspection of the cervix in this instance is unavailable. In addition, few expressed pathology of the cervix can also stay out of the attention of a specialist.
For a more precise diagnosis used other techniques. So-called Schiller - A process of coloring the vaginal portion of the cervix preparations containing iodine . If healthy areas are under the influence of iodine brown, in places that were left unpainted, there are certain diseases.
Kolkoskopiya cervix provides images magnified several dozen times with a special tool - a colposcope. Sometimes during this research experts apply additional tests.
Microcolposcopy method makes it possible to obtain an image, which will increase by hundreds of times. Hence, thus it is possible to adequately evaluate cell morphology.
In the process of diagnosis is also commonly used cytology smears under a microscope. Cervical cytology provides the ability to determine how high the risk at this stage of transition precancerous condition in cancer. However, the disadvantage of this method is considered to be its low sensitivity.
If the above methods do not allow accurate diagnosis, the doctor decides to proceed with a biopsy of the cervix. Also, an additional method of diagnosis could be ultrasound.
How to treat cervical disease
In the treatment of various diseases of the cervix are used by both local and general treatments for ailments. It is important that the procedure was performed by experienced doctors who have sufficient knowledge to provide individualized treatment approach. Before starting any type of treatment should be to conduct a full examination and a correct diagnosis.
In some diseases, particularly for cervical dysplasia, women are prescribed overall therapy. First of all, women are advised to undergo a course of taking the drugs, which include Vitamins A and E . By the way, these vitamins are appointed and as a preventive measure. In addition, comprehensive multivitamin preparations should contain vitamins B6 . AT 12 . FROM . beta-carotene . folic acid .
In the treatment of precancerous lesions of the cervix is important to ensure the reception of fiber, enzymes, selenium, omega-3. Compensate for a deficiency of these substances can not only by the treatment of medical drugs, but also by adjusting the diet. However, these treatments can not effectively influence on the state of women who are diagnosed with moderate or severe dysplasia.
If a woman has found a slight erosion, it is possible to use chemical coagulation. This process involves the processing of special means of space erosion. It is necessary to spend about five such procedures. However, this method may not always be the key to a full recovery of women.
Surgical treatments are applied, taking into account a number of features. They should be carried out in the first two weeks of the menstrual cycle as well as the process of tissue healing takes place increasingly under the influence estrogen . When surgery is mainly used local anesthesia. However, in some cases, used as a general anesthetic. If desired, the patient's doctor's recommendation can be a time to take sedatives.
Diathermocoagulation method involves cauterizing the cervix. It is now used quite often, because this is a simple process. But while there is a lack of such treatment: in the course of the procedure is very difficult to determine the required depth of tissue coagulation. Also, the presence near the site of the coagulation of the blood or lymphatic vessel with time due to necrosis of the cervix possibly scarring.
Cryosurgery cervix, using liquid nitrogen. In this case, the regulation of the depth of effect on tissue as only approximately. After this procedure, the woman has prolonged isolation. It is important to take into account all the individual characteristics of the body of the patient prior to a procedure. In particular, the doctor should ensure that no woman cold allergy.
Treatment using a laser can operate in two directions. With the help of high-power laser is carried out by evaporation and the low-intensity laser radiation allows the cone biopsy of the cervix. Sometimes a side effect of this treatment is to burn tissue, or overheating. However, the treatment involves using a laser to stop bleeding immediately after the procedure. When the procedure is only a short-term anesthesia. The method is quite painful.
The method is non-contact radio wave surgery. In the affected area exposure to radio waves, which contributes to the destruction and evaporation cells. This procedure is carried out quickly, besides it is painless. After this operation is not shown tripe due to lack of muscle damage, but release sukrovichnogo nature can still occur. Tissue after application of this method is fully restored, with the period of postoperative period, compared with other methods, is reduced. This method of treatment of diseases of the cervix is recommended for women who have never given birth.
Previously a very popular method of treatment of cervical pathologies considered knife cone biopsy. But today, such a method is used only for the treatment of women diagnosed with dysplasia of the columnar epithelium, abnormal ectropion, large ruptures of the cervix. In applying this method in patients seen bleeding due to severe injuries. Accordingly, healing takes a relatively long time.
Amputation cervical performed only in the operating room because it requires conical surgical excision of cervical tissue anesthesia can thus be both epidural and general. This operation is practiced in the early stages of oncological disease of the cervix.
It is important to take into account several important requirements when choosing a method of treatment of diseases of the cervix: it should be as secure as possible, not to provoke complications in the future, provide treatment and rehabilitation as soon as possible.
The postoperative period
In the period after surgery, the patient may show some unpleasant symptoms: abdominal pain, having the character of drawing, vaginal discharge Which can be stopped after 2-4 weeks. To ease the pain, the woman appointed painkillers drugs. The patient is prohibited for a month to lift weights, use tampons, douches to produce and maintain a sex life.
Antibiotics after surgery are not assigned. If you experience heavy bleeding, pain, deterioration of general condition, fever should immediately contact a specialist.
After surgery, may eventually develop some complications. Sometimes scars formed on cervical tissue, causing its deformation. May disrupt menstrual function, develop infertility as a consequence of cervical canal stenosis and other changes. If there is inflammation of the urogenital organs of their possible aggravation.
As a result of the use of certain methods of treatment of cervical disease in women may cause premature birth, as there is a delay in the disclosure of the cervix, previously undergo surgery. It is also possible rupture of membranes. Therefore, before nulliparous women to choose methods of treatment of diseases of the cervix should be especially careful.
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