June 3, 2012
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Nasal bone fracture - This is an injury that occurs relatively often: the whole face injuries among broken nose is 40% of the cases. The main reason due to which there is a fracture, a direct trauma. So, very often broken nose occurs in athletes, and this happens as a result of fighting, serious falls, car accidents.
Causes nose fracture
Fracture of the nose is very common, primarily due to the anatomical structure of the human face. After all, the nose is the most prominent part of the face. Consequently, it is exposed to injury and in the case of situations. The most common fracture of the nose occurs in people who participated in the fight, got certain sports injuries (group sports, boxing, wrestling), was in a car accident. Fracture can also occur as a consequence of a fall or direct attacks against a solid object.
Symptoms of nasal bone fracture
The symptoms and the nature of the fracture of the nose depends on how strong and was a blow directed, as well as what kind of object was the cause of the injury. No less important is the fact, which is the design of the nose of a particular person, if the nose is very large and protruding, he can suffer an injury are much stronger than the flat nose, the bone is usually thicker.
If there was a bruised bone of the nose, the result of a fracture may not always be noticeable deformation. Sometimes such a fracture detected only during the X-ray.
Most often due to trauma nose in humans is its lateral displacement. According to doctors, more frequent nose shifted to the right side, because of the nature get hit in a fight: they are mainly applied to the left side of the nose with his right hand.
At the same time, if the impact was applied from the top down, the nose is protected in this case the frontal bone. Consequently, such a strike affects the bottom, a fragile part of the nose. In this case, it may occur transverse fracture of the nasal bones, and in some cases of frontal appendages.
The cartilaginous part of the nose It is more elastic, so they often can suffer greater injury and serious. However, some injuries occur crack quadrangular cartilage , Often formed hematoma .
Defining symptoms of a fracture of the nose, you should pay attention to the original classification of these fractures, which are used in the medical environment. Fractures are usually subdivided into indoor and outdoor nasal fracture without displacement of bone fragments and deformation of the external nose As well as indoor and outdoor nasal fracture with displacement of bone fragments and the deformation of the external nose . In addition, due to the injuries may occur damage to the nasal septum.
Very often, the separation takes place at the turn of the nasal bones of the bone joints. If the injury was very strong, the bone department can be completely flattened, and the bones of the nose sink.
The man, a broken nose, immediately after such an injury there are some typical symptoms. Immediately after the event the patient is in shock, in terms of varying degrees. Also, for such a condition characterized by the appearance nosebleeds . Typically, such bleeding is mild, and stopped independently. When the feeling of nasal fracture in the case of a man feels a lot of pain, and the nasal mucus occur.
In the lining of the nose and around the eyelids and malar bone are manifested expressed broad bruising . Often also occur hemorrhage in the conjunctiva of the eye and eyelids. As a symptom of a fracture of the nose is sometimes formed subcutaneous air emphysema . However, in this case it is the turn of the nasal bone, wherein rupture occurs nasal mucosa. Typically, after a few days emphysema runs independently. At the turn of the nose may also compromise the integrity of the skin, the outer deformed nose.
As a rule, on the second day after the receipt of such injuries appear swelling in the outer covering swells the mucous membrane. Provided that the process of developing the disease are not associated infection, swelling, are themselves a few days later. In this case, it is advisable to apply cold lotions, apply ice to accelerate the process.
At the same time, joining infection in a patient already manifest other symptoms. Pain and redness may occur around the nose, while a person's body temperature rises sharply. Sometimes it manifests itself abscess That is either opened by itself or it has to be opened surgically.
If time were not taken all the measures for the treatment of the injury, the patient subsequently occurs deformation of the external nose . Also, you may receive hematoma of the nasal septum . As a consequence of the deformation of the nose may be a manifestation of nasal breathing disorders, and disorders of smell. Subsequent complications of the condition may be chronic headaches, seizures Asthma . neuralgia Trigeminal .
In the case of a closed fracture of the nose there is no violation of the integrity of the skin. At the same time, open fractures and damaged skin. In this case, the wound can be detected visible particulate bone.
Diagnosis of nasal bone fracture
In the process of diagnosing fracture of the nose is considered an important aspect of the patient survey, as the doctor needs to know exactly how the patient was injured. Then a specialist examines and touches his nose. In the process of feeling the crunch can be felt not strong, and the patient always feels pain. During diagnosis is also conducted examination of the nasal cavity, called rhinoscope . To the patient is no strong discomfort, before conducting such a study it, as a rule, do anesthesia . For this often used ten percent solution lidocaine . Another possible method of investigation in this case - is endoscopy. Such a procedure involves the introduction into the nasal cavity of thin flexible tube equipped at the end of the illumination and the video camera.
It is also in the process of diagnosis of a fracture of the nose is sometimes used X-rays: X-ray of the nasal bones are produced in the lateral projection.
Complications of bone fracture of the nose
As a result of the fracture of the nasal bones, a person may later manifest as an unpleasant complication as nasal septum deviation . The consequence of this disease may be respiratory failure nose with one hand. Therefore, a person who has such a breach may result in chronic ache sinusitis or rhinitis . To get rid of such complications, surgical intervention is necessary.
Very often the consequence of a complex fracture of the nose is the appearance of a small hump on the nose, its asymmetry. In this case, many patients decide to conduct plastic surgical correction.
If a person was a fracture of the nose with an offset, the nose breathing problems can be very serious, up to its complete blockage.
Also as possible complications fracture of the cartilage of the nose What happens if a person during injury hit a solid object, and thus was a direct hit.
In some cases, fracture of the nose can be combined with hematoma of the nasal septum . With this diagnosis occurs accumulation of blood under the mucous membrane. Furthermore, a hematoma adversely affect the nose breathing, closing the nasal passages. This pathology remove surgically.
Treatment of fracture of the nose
Immediately upon receipt of the fracture of the nasal bones, one should not lift up his head too high. It is advisable to tilt it slightly to the side and try to stop the bleeding. After an injury when a suspected fracture of the nose must be, without delay, put in the nose cold. Doing so may prevent the occurrence of severe swelling and, in some cases, and help stop the bleeding, always occurs when the nasal bone fracture.
Nasal fracture treatment is carried out in different ways, depending on whether it is the character fracture occurred. It is important that the necessary treatment was carried out as early as possible, so the main rule of the treatment of the fracture of the nose is to provide prompt treatment to the experts. If nasal trauma patient is a strong bleeding, the physician is primarily stops the blood by inserting a tampon that is impregnated with special solutions. If you have carried out primary processing contamination wounds
If the injury that led to the fracture, there was no more than ten days ago, the doctor may use closed reposition fracture. The essence of this procedure is to manually set the bones in place. For the procedure used mainly local anesthesia and special tools. Anesthesia is performed by irrigation of the nasal mucosa anesthetic, while externally the injected anesthetic drug under the skin. In some cases, doctors can spend reposition with a few finger movements. However, zapadenii bones used tool called an elevator. It is introduced into the nasal cavity and lift with the help of the bone is stuck. After this procedure is inserted into the nose pads, which are pre-impregnated with antibiotic To ensure tight pressing. Such tampons are in the nasal cavity for several days. Sometimes fixing reposition the nose uses a special compressive bandage.
In deciding to reposition the fracture of the nose, the doctor must take into account the patient's age, especially his constitution, the nature of the fracture. However, every person affected by the injury and a fractured nasal bones, should be aware that their own conduct can not be absolutely bone-setting. After all, there is a great risk of further injury.
If the treatment of fracture of the nose is carried out at a later date, then the possible appointment of surgery - Rhinoplasty . This operation is also sometimes assigned in the presence of the aesthetic problems after reduction of the fracture. Sometimes the doctor also conducts parallel restoration of nasal breathing, correcting a deviated septum. If such action is necessary, then we will have to go on carrying out more complex operations - rhinoseptoplasty . To conduct this surgery can and plastic surgeon and an ENT specialist.
After the end of surgery on the nose plaster cast is applied to lock, which must be worn for about two weeks.
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