Gonorrhea

October 26th, 2011

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Gonorrhea   (from the Greek term " gonorrhoia "Physician Galen first used to mean" seminal emissions ") - infectious venereal disease Transmitted usually sexually.

The disease is caused by a particular micro-organisms - Neisseria gonorrhea   or Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Neisser gonococcus opened in 1879. Gonorrhea is particularly prevalent among young people in active age, gonorrhea each year worldwide more than 200 million become ill. People. The ratio of patients with gonorrhea for women and men is, according to research, 2: 1, 5. gonorrhea occurs defeat mucous genitals , At least - the eyes, tonsils, colon.

In the case of neglected gonorrhea affects the vital organs - heart, lungs, brain. It may even develop gonococcal sepsis . Such complications require immediate treatment of gonorrhea. The sources of the disease are patients with gonorrhea. Girls can also be infected with gonorrhea through infected towels, washcloths, diapers, dirty hands.

There are forms of gonorrhea: fresh If the disease lasts less than 2 months, which in turn is acute . subacute . torpid , and chronic Ie lasting more than two months.

Infection occurs during sexual intercourse, the disease is transmitted and vaginal , And anal , And oral sex . Women get sick almost all cases contacts with gonorrhea, and men - not always, due to the narrow opening of the urethra. Significantly less infection occurs by contact For example, mother-to-child with the disease, while passing the result of the birth canal.

At the end of a brief description debunk one of the most common myths. Because gonorrhea live only on the mucosa, and it is often killed, so infected with gonorrhea in the swimming pool while theoretically possible, but unlikely.

Symptoms of gonorrhea

Typically, the incubation period of the disease lasts from 2 to 5 days in males and in females 5-10 days.

The main symptoms of gonorrhea in men include:

• sharp pain and burning sensation when urinating ;
• yellowish discharge from the urethra spontaneous flow or pressure;
• palpitations urination;
• redness of the skin around the external urethral orifice;
• clouding of urine, it observed "flakes" or blood;
• erection can be painful;
• sometimes rises temperature It appears chills .

If untreated, the infection spreads to prostate   and testicles .

Symptoms of gonorrhea in women:

• pain with urination;
• frequent pain in the lower abdomen;
• irregular dirty yellow thick vaginal discharge Sometimes foul-smelling;
• frequent urination;
• bleeding   between periods;
• possible chills, fever.

Gonococcal pharyngitis   and stomatitis   accompanied by a sore throat, laryngeal edema, purulent plaque on the tonsils and abundant salivation, and gonococcal proctitis   - Itching and pain in the rectum, constipation Sometimes - secretions. If gonorrhea recorded in the conjunctiva, it may begin blennophthalmia Followed by a purulent discharge from the eyes.

It should be noted that almost half of women have no symptoms of gonorrhea, so better to see a doctor, even if a person has the opportunity to become infected. In addition, women gonorrheal process develops multifocal and affects both the urethra, cervix and rectum.

Girls 3-8 years gonorrhea can occur due to various sources of infection - dirty hands, toiletries and household items. The disease causes swelling and redness of the labia and perineum, burning and persistent itching in the crotch area, as well as discomfort or pain when urinating. The disease is carried forward in childhood, can cause irregular menstruation, sexual dysfunction, even infertility .

Quite often, gonorrhea occurs in women without major symptoms, and if they appeared, the allocation was identified as thrush And pain during urination - both cystitis .

Diagnosis of gonorrhea

Doctors diagnose gonorrhea based on familiarization with patient complaints, inspection and palpation of the reproductive organs, the overall results vaginal smear , Urethral discharge from the eye, examination of the anus, the data urine . It turns out the patient's sexual activity, recent sex, appearance of urethral discharge and was sick before any sexually transmitted diseases.

If the patient did not use disinfectants, can be administered bacterioscopic analysis . In the early stages of the disease, i.e. when "fresh" gonorrhea, effective method of direct immunofluorescence Allowing further identify other possible venereal diseases . Before the start of the main treatment is also carried out tests on Chlamydia . AIDS . syphilis . In the case of chronic gonorrhea is assigned a more precise study - PCR Polymerase chain reaction or culture.

Treatment of gonorrhea

Be sure that the treatment of the disease was conducted venereal disease in a hospital. Usually, the doctor assigns a set of procedures that contribute to the recovery of the patient. This includes antibiotics , Local treatment, means to strengthen the immune system   and methods of Physiotherapy .

Antibiotics are used to treat gonorrhea, refer to the penicillin group - ampicillin . sulatsillin . benzylpenicillin . Also it can be used antibiotic belonging to the tetracycline - tetracycline . doxycycline . metronidazole Sometimes azalides ( azithromycin . midecamycin ), And some other cephalosporins. Immunotherapy   is used to enhance immunity and resistance to infection, in this case, can be assigned to vaccine therapy, autohemotherapy, prodigiozan . levamisole . glycyram . taktivin . For physiotherapy treatments for gonorrhea include electrophoresis . magnetotherapy . laser therapy . UHF . UFO .

Local treatment of gonorrhea to be administered to the vagina or urethra solution protargola   (0, 5%), mikroklizm tincture chamomile. The disease is cured with timely treatment quickly enough, otherwise it can become chronic. During treatment, the patient must adhere to the recommended diet, do not drink alcohol. You can not play sports, to exclude sexual intercourse.

If the disease is combined with chlamydia or trichomoniasis , The treatment of gonorrhea is accompanied by the use of drugs from opportunistic infections - Azithromycin . Doxycycline . Since Antibiotics are almost always contribute to the destruction of normal intestinal flora, while the patients are prescribed drugs bifido and lacto ( Linex . bifilong ).

It should be noted that self-gonococcal infection usually leads to chronic gonorrhea and other irreversible complications. So at the first sign of the disease or the appearance of any discomfort in the genital area is necessary, as quickly as possible to see a specialist.

In the treatment of chronic gonorrhea infection occurs the destruction of property, as well as prescribers, strengthen the immune system, for example, vitamins   and   immunomodulatory drugs .

If the disease is passed into the chronic form, the main symptoms of gonorrhea may disappear, the pain will pass, but will remain "syndrome drops morning," and. selection murky liquid from the opening of the urethra tubule. Often there are acute diseases caused by hypothermia, menstruation.

With timely treatment, the prognosis is favorable. Gonorrhea is considered cured if completely disappeared symptoms and laboratory tests were negative and showed no pathogen.

Prevention of gonorrhea

The main type of prevention of this dangerous disease is the timely diagnosis and treatment of diseases. To do this, you need to undergo regular medical examinations in the district hospital, including the examination of a urologist. By the way, are subject to mandatory inspection of pregnant women who are suffering from trichomoniasis, as well as those who are going to terminate the pregnancy.

Personal prevention of gonorrhea is to eliminate casual sex, and mandatory application Condom . If a casual sexual contact occurred, it is recommended as soon as possible to apply to the venereal dispensary or worked with him a personal item for preventing the necessary measures to avoid development of the disease.

Complications of gonorrhea

Among the complications of running gonorrhea in men can be called a violation spermatogenesis . inflammation of the penis   and the inner layer of the foreskin, as well as the defeat of the testicle and its appendages orchitis . epididymitis   or prostatitis That can lead to infertility. The woman inflammation spreads to the uterus ( endometritis ), Fallopian tubes, and then - in the ovaries and appendages ( salpingo-oophoritis ), Which can lead to infertility, as well as various sexual disorders, frigidity And the development of an ectopic pregnancy.

If a pregnant woman infected with gonorrhea, it is likely miscarriage , and miscarriage , Fetal death. Gonorrhea is especially dangerous for babies who have diseases of the eye may occur, leading to blindness. If gonorrhea have spread to other organs, there may be such a serious disease, as a defeat of the joints, heart, skin and brain.

For prevention, it is necessary to observe the basic rules of personal hygiene, especially after using the toilet regularly wash the genitals with soap and water. It should be noted that with timely treatment and compliance with all recommendations of the doctor of complications of the disease can be avoided.