The thyroid gland - it is an endocrine gland located in the neck. Given the high level of stress of modern life, you can not looking at the statistics say that problems with the thyroid gland feels the majority of the adult population. The experts, in turn, add: particularly vulnerable thyroid gland in women.
Intrigue "raskapriznichavsheysya" thyroid gland that is not immediately possible to understand exactly what it needs to be checked. Often thyroid disease "Masked" for psychological problems. It may seem that too nervous, overworked at work, do not get enough sleep. While it is the other way around - irritation, insomnia, fatigue can be symptoms thyroid disease .
In turn, the "spoil" thyroid indicates that the body's endocrine system fails - it began producing the wrong hormones. A hormonal imbalance leads to a whole bunch of sores - from depression to diabetes. A woman, for example, complains of insomnia. And she does not sleep because disturbed hormonal balance.
Hormones, hormones ...
Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland, belong to the group of thyroid hormones, and are indicated by the letter T: is T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine). They are responsible for normal mental and physical development are very important for the growth of the skeleton and body weight.
In the case of disease thyroid produces hormones tieroidnyh more or less than the body needs. If the activity of the thyroid gland is reduced, then we are talking about hypothyroidism . If too high - develop hyperthyroidism, or thyrotoxicosis .
In addition, endocrinologists say that some thyroid disorders occur without changing its function.
Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism may occur for several reasons. The most common is the so-called autoimmune thyroiditis - a kind of failure in the body. In this state, in the body begin to stand out special proteins - antibodies that attack cells of the thyroid gland. Why - the science is not yet able to understand.
Another factor - a strong iodine deficiency (less than 25 micrograms of iodine per day). The third reason - a consequence of dysfunctional thyroid surgery or treatment of the thyroid gland. A fourth, fairly rare - congenital abnormality of the pituitary gland or hypothalamus.
How dangerous is hypothyroidism? Lack of hormone causes diseases cardiovascular - atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart attack or stroke. There are disorders of menstrual function, fraught with infertility. Moreover, against the background of hypothyroidism slows down the metabolic function and the man quickly gaining weight, even if it is fed in moderation.
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism is caused by hyper-thyroid function: this enhanced production of hormones leads to self-poisoning organism. The main cause of this disease is Graves' disease (diffuse toxic goiter), is inherited. But the trigger at a thyrotoxicosis may be and if consumed too much iodine - for example, in the form of dietary supplements or food (oysters, shrimp, seaweed and other seafood).
Attention! To rid the body of excess iodine, doctors are advised to drink more water.
For a thyrotoxic state characterized by rapid pulse, nausea, flashes sweating, shortness of breath, seizures, fatigue, irritability. The emotional state of the overabundance of hormones in general is very unstable: the mood is changing rapidly, it becomes aggressive, the whiny. A person can eat a lot and do not recover easily lose weight, complains of thirst, copious and diarrhea.
The negative impact of hyperthyroidism affects the heart, it causes arrhythmia and tachycardia attacks. Often, when this condition osteoporosis, eye damage.
Goiter
Goiter It means an increase in the size of the thyroid gland, while it can increase as a whole (diffuse goiter), or only in some of its parts (nodular goiter).
An increase of thyroid may work as normal, but at the same time, it compresses the esophagus, trachea, adjacent nerves and blood vessels, which inevitably causes health problems. Often, enlarged thyroid loses its normal production of hormones, and goes into a state of hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.
The most common diffuse euthyroid goiter - an increase in size, but do not lose their thyroid function caused by iodine deficiency. Doctors call this crop "endemic goiter."
The first signs of goiter look like fatigue weakness, fatigue, constant headaches, pain in muscles and joints, chilliness, frequent infections. A person becomes forgetful, complaining of ringing in the ears, worse start to think. Can grow weight.
Treatment
To understand whether there is a problem with the thyroid gland, it is possible, having passed tests for hormones, as well as scanning the gland using ultrasound.
In hypothyroidism have to take hormones for life. When thyrotoxicosis appointed special thyreostatics funds or resorting to surgery. When euthyroid goitre prescribe vitamin complexes with a high content of iodine.
Treatment and prevention
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