Furosemide

Description overdue on 06.12.2011

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Diuretics. Furosemide is a strong, fast approaching, brief diuresis It is "Loop" diuretics.   The preparation increases the excretion of magnesium, calcium, potassium. AT loop of Henle   drug blocks the reabsorption of sodium and chlorine. In heart failure, furosemide reduces preload by expanding the lumen of the large veins. The hypotensive effect is due to increased excretion of NaCl. When administered intravenously, the drug takes effect within 10 minutes when taking a tablet form - after 1h, the maximum effect is reached after 2 hours, the duration of drug action - 3 hours. Produced in tablet form, in the form of granules, solution.

Indications:

Furosemide is indicated for the relief of   edema syndrome   in diseases of the renal system, Heart Failure , Pulmonary edema, cirrhosis . hypertensive crisis   (in the treatment with antihypertensive medications) swelling of the brain , Hypercalcemia, severe course of hypertension, with eclampsia . Furosemide is used during forced diuresis   In severe poisoning chemicals that are output unchanged through the renal system.

Contraindications:

The appointment of the drug Furosemide is contraindicated in severe renal insufficiency system in anurii . stenosis of the urethra , Hepatic coma, acute glomerulonephritis , Hyperglycemic coma, hepatic precoma, aortic stenosis , Mitral stenosis, gout , Hyperuricemia, hypotension, pancreatitis , Acute myocardial infarction, fluid and electrolyte imbalance exchange digitalis intoxication. In pregnancy, breastfeeding, diabetes divbete, hypoproteinemia, prostatic hyperplasia, atherosclerosis of cerebral arteries   Furosemide is administered with caution.

Side effect:

Nervous system : myasthenia . tetany   (leg cramps) apathy . paresthesia , Lethargy, confusion, weakness, dizziness, headaches. Cardiovascular system : Orthostatic hypotension, a drop in blood pressure, collapse, decreased blood volume, arrhythmia. Digestive system : thirst , Loss of appetite, exacerbation of pancreatitis, cholestatic jaundice , Disorders stool, vomiting, nausea, dry mouth. Senses : Hearing loss, vision. Urogenital:   hypertrophy of the prostate observed acute urinary retention, oliguria . interstitial nephritis , Reduced potency, hematuria . Allergic reactions : Exudative, erythema multiforme . exfoliative dermatitis . itching . necrotizing vasculitis , Vasculitis, purpura, photosensitivity, fever, chills, anaphylactic shock. Forming Organs : Agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, aplastic anemia. Water and electrolyte metabolism : dehydration , Hypovolemia, hyponatremia, metabolic alkalosis . In laboratory parameters observed hyperuricemia, hypercholesterolemia , Hypercalciuria, glycosuria. When administered intravenously, may develop thrombophlebitis Preterm children - calcification of the kidneys .

Mode of application:

Intramuscular and intravenous administration is recommended only in those situations where there is no opportunity to make oral furosemide (pronounced edema syndrome, urgent conditions ). When edema initial dose is 40 mg. Intravenous administration is 1-2 minutes. The maximum single dose is 2 grams. A tablet form of the drug is taken in the morning before eating. When hypertension is prescribed 40 mg of furosemide, in the absence of effect it is recommended to combine treatment with antihypertensive drugs.

Overdose:

When you receive large doses developing hypovolemia, shock, drop in blood pressure,   collapse . haemoconcentration .   dehydration , Arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation stomach, atrioventricular block, thromboembolism Thrombosis, anuria , Apathy, flaccid paralysis, confusion, drowsiness. Timely correction   water-salt balance , Replenishment of circulating blood volume. There is no specific antidote.

Special instructions:

During treatment requires regular monitoring of blood pressure, electrolyte levels, indicators uric acid, creatinine, residual nitrogen , Monitor the work of the hepatic system. In patients with hypersensitivity to sulfonylureas, its derivatives, sulfonamides Cross-sensitive to the drug Furosemide. Taking large doses of drugs is carried out against the background of reducing the consumption of salt. For the prevention of hypokalaemia should be prescribed potassium-sparing diuretics (spironolactone), potassium supplements, diet. Furosemide is excreted in milk during breastfeeding. For the prevention of acute urinary retention in patients with hydronephrosis , Narrowing of the ureters, prostatic hypertrophy require regular monitoring of urinary function. Furosemide for weight loss is not recommended in view of the large number of side effects. Furosemide may reduce the rate of psychomotor reactions, affect the management of complex machinery, driving vehicles.

Drug Interactions:

Furosemide increases the risk of ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity while receiving aminoglycosides, cisplatin, chloramphenicol, cephalosporins, Amphotericin B , Ethacrynic acid. Furosemide enhances effective action theophylline , Diazoxide, reduces the effectiveness of hypoglycemic drugs. Strengthens neuromuscular blockade   the action of muscle relaxants reduces the effect of tubocurarine .