Nutritional care for patients with diabetes

August 1, 2011

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Sugar rafineries diabetes   It is a disease Endocrine   human, which is caused by deficiency of the hormone in the body of the pancreas - insulin Manifesting itself in violations of carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. One form of diabetes type 1 - "Insulin-dependent" , The main cause of this form may be complications after a viral infection, such as Flu . Herpes , and cholelithiasis . Factors contributing to human disease diabetes type 2 - "Insulin-dependent" They are genetic predisposition and endocrine diseases and obesity.

For patients diabetes diabetes   Type 1   basic treatment of diabetes - insulin injections, diet and is an essential complement medical treatment, while for patients diabetes type 2   - Based on a diet diet is the main treatment. As a result of diabetes abnormal functioning pancreas Leading to reduced production of insulin by it, which is involved in the assimilation of sugars by the body, the correct diet and nutrition are important. Diet for diabetes used to normalize carbohydrate metabolism, and for the prevention of disorders of lipid metabolism.

Dining with diabetes mellitus

• frequent and regular meals (preferably 4-5   per day, about the same time), it is desirable to uniformly distribute the consumption of carbohydrates by meals;
• accepted food should be rich macro-   and microelements   (zinc, calcium, phosphorus, potassium), and Vitamins   (vitamins B, A, F, ascorbic acid, retinol, riboflabin, thiamin );
• food should be varied;
• sugar   is replaced sorbitol, xylitol, fructose, aspartame   or saccharin Which can be added to prepared foods and beverages;
• It can be used to 1, 5 liters   fluid per day;
• preference should be given trudnousvaivaemym carbohydrates (fruits, vegetables, bread from wheat flour), products containing fiber (raw vegetables, beans, peas, oats), and limit consumption of foods rich in cholesterol - egg yolks, liver, kidneys;
• diet must be followed strictly, so as not to provoke the development or worsening of the disease.

Diet for diabetes does not prevent, in some cases, the diet recommends eating the following foods:

• black or special Bread diabetic   (200-300 gr. Per day);
• vegetable soups, soup, hash, beetroot;
• soups, cooked meat broth can be used 2 times per week;
• lean meat (beef, veal, rabbit), poultry (turkey, chicken), fish (perch, cod, pike) (about 100-150 gr. per day) in boiled, baked or as a filler;
• healthy dishes from cereals (buckwheat, oats, millet), and pasta, legumes can be consumed in a day;
• potatoes, carrots and beets - not more than 200 grams. in a day;
• the remaining vegetables - cabbage, including cauliflower, cucumbers, spinach, tomatoes, eggplant and greens, can be used without restriction;
• eggs per day may be not more than two pieces;
• 200-300 gr. apple a day, oranges, lemons, can be in the form of juices with pulp;
• fermented dairy products (yogurt, yogurt) - 1-2 cups a day, cheese, milk and sour cream - with a doctor's permission;
• low-fat cottage cheese is recommended to use daily 150-200 g. per day in any form;
• of fat per day can be used to 40 g unsalted butter and vegetable oil.

From drinks are allowed to drink black, green tea, weak coffee, juice, fruit berries sour varieties with the addition of xylitol or sorbitol, broth hips, mineral water - seltzer, Essentuki.

People with diabetes, it is important to limit the use of digestible carbohydrates . These products include - sugar, honey, jams, pastries, sweets and chocolate. Strictly limited to the use of cakes, muffins, fruit - bananas, raisins, grapes. Furthermore, it is necessary to minimize the consumption of fatty foods Primarily fat, butter and vegetable oils, fatty meats, sausages, mayonnaise. Besides, better to exclude from the diet of fried, sharp, spicy and smoked dishes, savory snacks, pickles and pickled vegetables, cream and alcohol. Salt a day can be consumed no more than 12 grams.

Diet №9

Dietitians have developed a special diet recommended as a basic food in diabetes. Feature №9 diet is that it can be adapted to the individual tastes of the patient, adding or excluding some food as desired. Diet for diabetes creates the conditions for the normalization of carbohydrate metabolism, contributes to the preservation of health of the patient, and tailored to the severity of the disease, comorbidities, weight, energy costs. There is also a diet №9a, which is used as a basis for drawing up the diet at a mild form of diabetes . Also when the forms with varying degrees of concomitant obese patients who did not receive insulin and №9b with increased rate of protein intake for severe diabetes patients who receive the insulin treatment of diabetes, and have additional physical activity. Severe   often complicated by liver disease, gall bladder and pancreas.

Diet №9   Such a diet comprises about: First breakfast   (to work, 7 am): buckwheat, meat pie, or low-fat cottage cheese; tea xylitol, bread and butter.

Lunch   (at lunchtime, 12 noon): cottage cheese, 1 cup of yogurt.

Lunch   (after work, 17 pm): vegetable soup, boiled potatoes with meat, one apple or an orange. Or, pureed soup, boiled meat with steamed carrots, tea xylitol.

Dinner   (20 pm): boiled fish with cabbage or potato zrazy, broth hips.

Before going to bed a glass of kefir or yogurt.