Colitis

March 25, 2012

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Colitis - A disease in which there is inflammation of the colonic mucosa. Inflammation can take place both in the acute and in the chronic form. It is provoked as chronic intestinal inflammation and infections that cause viruses   and bacteria . Symptoms of colitis is sometimes complicated by inflammation of the stomach or small intestine. The disease is sometimes mistaken for Irritable Bowel Syndrome because of the similarity of symptoms. But with the development of irritable bowel syndrome due to the large intestine was observed.

Reasons colitis

The most common cause of colitis becomes constant use food that is difficult to digest, alcohol, spicy foods. Also lead to the emergence of colitis chronic constipation Due to which a person has accumulated fecal residues. Sometimes colitis develops as a consequence of violations of sanitary regulations as an allergy to a certain food. Colitis bowel is often a reaction to emotional stress on intestinal infections, their wrong treatment.

Acute colitis

Acute colitis   often seen in combination with acute enterocolitis   - Inflammation of the mucosa of the small intestine. Sometimes the patient also diagnosed gastroenterocolitis   - Inflammation of the stomach.

Pathogens are acute colitis Salmonella . Shigella In rarer cases it provokes the emergence of other bacteria and viruses. Also, acute colitis can develop as a result of non-bacterial food poisoning nature, permanent gross errors in the daily diet.

To a lesser extent on the occurrence of acute colitis affect systemic infections, toxic substances, allergic reactions. Inflammation of the colon is manifested as a result of local effects of factors that affect the intestinal mucosa. These substances are the masses contained in the intestines, or may come to the hematogenous route, and impacts on the gut mucosa after isolation.

Symptoms of acute colitis

In acute colitis people especially feel an increase in pain, which is pulling or spastic character. In addition to pain, in this case, appear and other symptoms of colitis: a patient much rumbling in the stomach, he loses his appetite, suffer from diarrhea, constant complains about the state of general malaise. Always stands loose stools with mucus, sometimes with blood. If the disease is severe, a chair can be watery and its frequency may be up to twenty times a day. In addition, there are often painful tenesmus That is, false urge to defecate. Body temperature rises to 38 degrees, sometimes rises above. The symptoms of colitis, flowing in a particularly severe form, complementary signs of intoxication, dry tongue, been charged with a grayish bloom. There abdominal distention But if the diarrhea is very strong, the stomach can be drawn. During palpation of the colon is painful, but in its different departments felt rumbling. The study by sigmoidoscopy doctor determines patient hyperemia and edema of the mucous membrane in the distal colon. Mucus, sometimes pus is present on the walls of the colon. Also, there may be erosion, bleeding, ulceration.

If acute colitis is mild, the improvement can occur independently. In severe forms of the disease it has a prolonged duration. Because of acute colitis in humans may later manifest a number of complications: it pyelitis . liver abscesses . sepsis . peritonitis .

Chronic colitis

Chronic colitis   It is rightly considered one of the most common ailments of the digestive system. Often this disease may be associated with inflammation of the small intestine, and stomach.

Chronic colitis, having an infectious origin, pathogens causing intestinal infections, mainly Shigella and Salmonella. Provoke the disease can and other mycobacteria, as well as opportunistic and saprophytic intestinal flora. Inflammatory bowel disease can also support helminths . Most often, people diagnosed chronic colitis, which are non-infectious origin.

So, nutritional colitis   bowel manifested because of rough eating disorders, and also due to malnutrition. Related colitis   It appears as an accompaniment gastritis . pancreatitis . chronic enteritis . This form of the disease as a consequence of constant irritation of the mucous membrane of the colon, which provoke products of incomplete digestion. Also associated colitis may occur as a result of dysbiosis . Toxic colitis   - A consequence of the impact of intoxication by chemicals. Medicinal colitis   It occurs due to prolonged and uncontrolled use of certain drugs - antibiotics . laxatives   and other drugs.

Ischemic colitis   is a segmental lesions of the colon, which occurs due to circulatory disorders of the body. Allergic colitis   often occurs in people who suffer from food allergies, and those who can not tolerate certain chemicals and pharmaceuticals, has high sensitivity to intestinal bacterial flora.

The diagnosis of "chronic colitis" can be set by a number of studies. The wire barium enema, endoscopy, laboratory tests.

Chronic colitis occurs in a progressive form, as a rule, the forecast is unfavorable. As a complication of the disease is often necrosis   part of the intestine and subsequent peritonitis . intestinal bleeding .

Symptoms of chronic colitis

In chronic colitis in humans it is most often the defeat of the colon as a whole ( Pancole ). Colitis symptoms in this case are shown violation of the chair (may occur as chronic diarrhea and constipation). In addition, the patients suffer from abdominal pain, painful tenesmus, flatulence . As a rule, chronic colitis, especially the right, there is a strong diarrhea . The chair can occur up to fifteen times a day, and the person feels that the intestines are not emptied until the end. If the process is exacerbated by, the patient feels false urge to defecate. He occasionally depart gases lumps of stool with mucus, sometimes with blood. If a person is observed spastic colitis Then it looks cal fragmented. Such a symptom is manifested when the inflammatory process involves the distal colon. With spastic colitis defecation takes place in an indefinite time. Furthermore, patients with spastic colitis present headaches, insomnia, fatigue.

In chronic colitis in the course of X-ray examination in the colon there is a delay contrast mass. The disease takes a long time, sometimes for many years.

Pain in chronic colitis usually aching, dull. They occur in the abdomen and sides of it. Sometimes it helps to reduce the pain the application of heat. Painful attacks are often accompanied by urging to stool and flatus. If the inflammation extends to the serosa of the colon, the constant pain could worsen when walking and when a person takes recumbency, it subsides. Pain aching nature, which spread throughout the abdomen, sometimes manifest, regardless of the power of defecation. Patients also present colitis constant flatulence, arising as a consequence of problems with the digestion of food in the small intestine, and also because of dysbacteriosis. Furthermore, the symptoms of the chronic form of colitis is often nausea, anorexia , Belching, presence bitter taste in the mouth , Constant rumbling in the stomach. As a consequence, the person observed weakness, reduced work capacity, manifested polyhypovitaminosis   and anemia .

Ulcerative colitis

Ulcerative colitis   chronic and often relapsing disease. Most often seen in young adults from 20 to 40 years, there is also an increased incidence of the disease in patients over 55 years. With ulcerative colitis, there is a number of characteristic symptoms: diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, intestinal bleeding. In addition, there fever   and nausea, gradually reduced the weight of the patient, the person feels extreme weakness and fatigue. The symptoms are worse if the increased severity and extent of inflammatory changes.

In severe total defeat of the colon of the patient is observed profuse diarrhea, in which the stool is present in a significant amount of blood. Often the blood comes out relatively large clots before emptying appear cramping abdominal pain. In humans, anemia, pronounced signs of intoxication. In this case, the disease is fraught with complications that are a danger to the patient's life. This perforation of colon toxic megacolon, and severe bleeding in the gut. The most unfavorable course of the disease observed in patients who have lightning-fast form of ulcerative colitis.

In the process of appointment of treatment of ulcerative colitis doctor guided by a number of individual factors: localization of pathology, its length, the presence of complications. First of all, with the help of conservative treatment prevented the attack of the disease, its progress and prevented relapses. Ulcerative colitis distal nature ( proctitis . proctosigmoiditis ) Occur easily, hence these ailments can be treated at home. Such diseases are considered the most frequently manifested forms of chronic colitis. They mainly arise as a consequence bacillary dysentery , Chronic constipation, constant irritation of the rectum due to the frequent use of suppositories, enemas. In such diseases, pain occurs in the left iliac region, as well as in the anus, flatulence manifested.

When ulcerative colitis is recommended to eat high-calorie, mainly protein foods and vitamins-products. The number of animal fats is limited, and crude fiber of vegetable origin is eliminated altogether.

Diagnosis of colitis

For the diagnosis must be conducted superficial and deep palpation of abdomen, which are detected during painful areas on the abdominal wall, the affected areas of the colon and other signs of disease.

Work is also korpologicheskoe research. As a rule, the stench of excrement, they present a lot of mucus, white blood cells, undigested fiber. When ulcerative colitis are also present in the feces erythrocytes .

In addition, patients with suspected chronic colitis is assigned to conduct barium enema, sigmoidoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy. In the course of these studies can be found inflammation of the mucous membrane of the colon, sometimes - purulent, necrotizing ulcerative lesions.

In acute colitis laboratory tests reveal a moderate leukocytosis, low-grade fever, increased ESR .

In the process of diagnosis, it is important to determine colitis, which are infectious or parasitic origin. Chronic colitis is important to differentiate from pancreatitis . chronic enteritis . anatsidnyh gastritis . It is important to bear in mind that these diseases often associated with chronic colitis. In addition, "masked" by chronic colitis can colon tumor. If the doctor is suspected the disease, the patient is required to be appointed barium enema, and in some cases - endoscopy   from biopsy .

Colitis Treatment

Medical treatment for colitis designate depending on what type of gastrointestinal disorder occurs in a patient. So, if a person is observed spastic colitis, treatment of colitis should be carried out in order to reduce peristaltic activity. During an exacerbation of colitis recommend taking intestinal antiseptic. To ease peristalsis should take antispasmodics   mild.

Under the constant supervision of a doctor for the treatment in a hospital can receive blockers   and cholinergic   means. In order to eliminate excessive mucus production in the intestines are used astringents   and enveloping   preparations which, in addition, to protect the intestines from the negative effect of mucus. With concomitant decrease gastric acidity patients assigned to receive hydrochloric acid   or atsidin-pepsin   during eating.

In the treatment of colitis important multivitamin. In the case of spastic colitis treatment involves laxatives. Also in the treatment of colitis used application cleansing and medicinal enemas.

If there is a concomitant exacerbation of chronic gastritis, for the treatment of colitis, antibiotics are also prescribed.

In the treatment of colitis it is very important to adhere to the diet, in which baking is eliminated from the diet, fatty fish, meat, eggs, dairy products, pulses, spices, coffee, alcohol. However, it is important that the diet must contain all substances necessary for the body.

Treatment of acute colitis form is carried out in a hospital. If the survey was found to be infected, the Providence antibacterial or antiparasitic treatment. In addition, doctors recommend for one or two days do not eat food. Then should follow a diet specifically designed for patients with colitis. In addition, it is recommended a course of physiotherapy.

As a folk remedies for treatment of colitis can use watermelon peels infusion, decoctions and infusions herbs chamomile, centaury, sage. Also recommended enema of chamomile decoction

Prevention of colitis

To prevent colitis is important to eat right and maintain a healthy diet. Food should be thoroughly chewed. As a precaution colitis chronic form is supposed to timely treatment of acute colitis. To do this, it is crucial to seek medical help, adhere to diet, exercise.