Gentamicin

Description overdue on 05.03.2013

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Bactericidal antibiotics . The mechanism of action is aimed at binding the active substances to 30S subunit of the ribosome, a violation of the process of synthesizing protein for preventing the formation of complex information and transportation ribonuclease that is ultimately erroneous and incorrect reading of genetic information; formed non-functional proteins. The active ingredient in the drug - gentamicin sulfate. The drug has bactericidal action And at high concentrations is capable of killing microorganisms, to reduce the barrier and protective functions of cell membranes.

By the action of the drug are highly Gram negative bacteria , Klebsiely, esherihii coli, Proteus, Campylobacter, Salmonella,   staphylococci . Antibiotic-resistant Treponema, Neisseria, Clostridium, Streptococcus. The resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is developing quite slowly. It has been observed that the strains resistant to kanamycin and neomycin, gentamicin resistance. The drug has no effect on protozoa, fungi and viruses. Dex-Gentamicin additionally contains in its composition and dexamethasone is produced in the form of eye drops. Gentamicin is produced in the form of solution, powder, aerosols, ointments, lotions. Gentamicin is not produced in tablets.

Indications:

Instructions for use of the drug gentamicin recommends prescribers at bacterial infections . Respiratory system: empyema , Bronchitis, pneumonia.   Urinary tract:   cystitis, pyelonephritis , Endometritis, gonorrhea, prostatitis, urethritis . Skeletal system, joints:   osteomyelitis. Gentamicin is prescribed for meningitis, pelvioperitonit, peritonitis, otitis, burns, wound infections, sepsis , Soft tissue and skin. The ointment is applied in sycosis, superficial folliculitis, dermatitis (eczematous, contact, seborrheic) at pyoderma "Vulgar" eels, asbtsessah skin, insect bites, burns, viral and fungal skin lesions, secondarily infected with bacterial agents. The drug is indicated for paronychia . Eye drops prescribed for keratitis, blepharitis, dacryocystitis,   Blepharoconjunctivitis , Meybomit, conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis, barley.

Contraindications:

Description of the drug gentamicin is not recommended to prescribe medication with neuritis of the auditory nerve, aminoglycosides intolerance, pregnancy, severe kidney disease, accompanied by azotemia and uremia . When botulism (medication violates neuromuscular transmission pulse that weakens skeletal muscles), Parkinson's disease, breast feeding, dehydration drug is used with caution.

Side effect:

The digestive tract: hyperbilirubinemia , Vomiting, nausea, elevated liver enzymes. Bodies of blood:   thrombocytopenia, granulocytopenia, anemia , Leukopenia. Nervous system : There is a psychosis in children, adults may seizures , Numbness, paresthesia, muscle twitching, drowsiness, headaches. Urinary Tract:   rarely observed renal tubular necrosis , Microscopic hematuria, proteinuria, oliguria, renal dysfunction, nephrotoxicity. Senses:   labyrinth and vestibular disorders, hearing loss, irreversible deafness   and other manifestations ototoxicity . Allergic reactions such as angioneurotic edema, fever, itching and rash, eosinophilia. In children, there hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia. Rarely develops superimposed infection Fever. The use of eye drops can cause burning sensation, sensation of blurred vision, burning sore eyes . Eye drops do not have a systemic impact on the human body.

Overdose:

Manifested cessation of breathing, decrease the transmission rate of the neuromuscular impulse. Adults administered anticholinesterase drugs (Neostigmine) intravenous calcium supplements. It is recommended that prior to injection of neostigmine enter atropine intravenously. When a serious condition of the patient mechanical ventilation. If overdose is effective peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis (high efficiency).

Mode of application:

Gentamicin parenteral drug application: during normal operation of the renal system, with an average daily dosage of the underlying disease severity for adults is 3 mg / kg / day. The drug is administered intravenously, intramuscularly, 2-3 times per day. Perhaps intravenous drip for 1% -2 hours. Gentamicin in ampoules previously diluted in sodium chloride 0 to 9%. The daily dosage if severe of 5 mg / kg. The medicine in infectious and inflammatory processes in the urinary system, administered 1 time per day in the amount of 120-160 mg, therapy is designed for 7-10 days.

Treatment of gonorrhea: 240-280 mg once. When ascites, edema, obesity is calculated by the amount of the drug " dry "Or" great "Body weight. Gentamycin ointment applied to the affected area with a thin layer of 3-4 times per day. After surgical sponge with the drug Gentamicin Implant to festering wounds. When infectious eye diseases drug is used every 3 hours 1 drop; for more severe conditions medication used every hour. Eye ointment applied 2-3 times a day. Gentamicin ointment is designed for use at night and drops for the treatment of the day.

Special instructions:

Gentamicin during pregnancy and breastfeeding can be applied on the "life" readings. Aminoglycosides are able to penetrate in small amounts in the breast milk of nursing women, but the antibiotic is poorly absorbed from the digestive tract of the infant without significant influence. Gentamicin ampoules additionally contains in its composition of sodium bisulfite, which can cause the development of allergic response in patients with a history of allergenic. Treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the urinary tract should be accompanied by increased fluid intake. Recommended for the entire course of treatment to control the level of active substance in the blood to prevent overdose.

Patients with abnormal renal systems are more common manifestations nephrotoxicity That requires careful monitoring of kidney function, be sure to respect for dosages. It should be regular research work and function vestibular   for the prevention of hearing loss at high frequencies. According to the results of audiometric tests, shall adjust the dose of gentamicin. In some cases the development of resistance to an antibiotic drug which requires replacement. Gentamicin drops can be used during pregnancy, breastfeeding. Conjunctival sac is able to stir only 1 drop of antibiotic. In the absence of positive dynamics on the background of antibacterial therapy physician shall adjust the doses of the drug, or substitute medication. Gentamicin price depends on the form of preparation.

Drug Interactions:

Never mix water syringe with other drugs (heparin, amphotericin B, capreomycin, cloxacillin, benzyl penicillin, aminoglycosides). Gentamicin is able to enhance muscle relaxant effect   curariform drugs. Under the action of the drug decreases efficiency antimiastenicheskih medicaments.

Polymyxin, methoxyflurane and other drugs that block neuromuscular transmission pulse, increase the risk of nephrotoxicity manifestations, may stop breathing. Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity increases in the treatment   "Loop" diuretics , Cisplatin. Expanding the range of activities and increased antimicrobial effect was observed in concurrent therapy penicillin antibiotics (carbenicillin, ampicillin). The toxic effect of aminoglycosides increases with parenteral administration of indomethacin.