SARS

November 9, 2012

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SARS   (short for " acute respiratory viral infections ") - Is a group of infectious diseases that occur acutely. Also, in some cases, acute respiratory viral infection called ARI   ( acute respiratory infections ). Their appearance is connected with the influence on the body RNA   and DNA -containing viruses. They affect different parts of the human respiratory tract, causing intoxication. Such diseases are also often joined by bacterial complications.

The prevalence of ARI

Doctors rightly considered SARS   the most common disease in both adults and among children. If we compare the number of major infectious diseases diagnosed during the year, with the number of cases SARS , The incidence of ARI   It will be significantly higher. And during pandemics signs ARI   It occurs in approximately   thirty%   the inhabitants of the globe. Depending on whether the virus has caused epidemics incidence may vary among children. Still, doctors suggest that illness often strikes children from 3 to 14 years . That is why prevention SARS   so important in this age group.

Very often, the disease is an acute respiratory complications, and, moreover, during the period of the disease may cause serious exacerbation of chronic diseases that a person has. What is SARS, on their own experience a person can be sure, even a few times a year. The last statement is especially true for children, because of prior ARI do not leave a long persistent immunity .

If the disease develops in the child again, it provokes a decrease in the body's defenses, the manifestation of immunodeficiency disorders, allergy. In addition, the child may appear to delay physical and mental development. Frequent manifestation of respiratory infections may cause, prevent the carrying out of planned preventive vaccination in children.

How is SARS?

Symptoms of SARS appear in man under the influence Influenza Virus   (types A, B, C), Adenovirus . parainfluenza viruses . RSV, rhinovirus and rheology . The source of infection is a previously ill person. Basically Transmission occurs droplets by, more rarely - contact-household . The most common gateway for infection is the upper respiratory tract, sometimes the virus enters the body through the digestive tract and conjunctiva of the eye.

The virus lives and multiplies in the nasal cavity of the patient man. They are released into the environment from the nasal secretions of the sick. Also viruses get into the air when an infected person coughs and sneezes. Once in the environment, viruses remain on different surfaces, the body of the patient, as well as personal care products. Therefore, healthy people infected with both during the inhalation air and the application objects with many viruses.

The highest level of infectiousness is celebrated in the first week of illness. It is important to note that this disease is characterized by seasonality: the symptoms of acute respiratory disease mainly manifested in the cold season. The fact that hypothermia is one of the factors contributing to the development of acute respiratory infections. Most often, the disease affects people who have observed decreased general immunity. They are children and the elderly, as well as patients who have been diagnosed immunodeficiency .

Causes of SARS in children

ARI in infants is rarely seen as a newborn baby has temporary immunity a respiratory virus type, which it receives from the mother. But by the time the child is six months, so the immune system become weak and can not protect the child. Therefore SARS in children can develop even up to a year, because at this time the baby has not yet formed its own immunity. Symptoms appear in the child and due to the fact that as a child there is no personal hygiene. So baby do not wash their own hands, does not cover your mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing . Therefore, prevention of the disease should be a priority issue for parents, since the treatment of SARS in children sometimes requires the use of drugs, which can then have a negative impact on the protective forces of the body.

Symptoms of SARS

SARS manifests some symptoms, known to almost every person. First of all, it is common malaise . body aches . fever Which manifests itself as a defensive reaction of the patient. In turn, a sharp rise in temperature, the majority of people suffer very badly.

Another symptom of infection is running nose In which the nose stands out very large amounts of mucus. Because of mucus from the lungs the patient often suffers from coughing. In addition, when there is a strong SARS headache   as a kind of protection against intoxication occurred. At this time, there is a narrowing of cerebral vessels.

On the severity of the disease can be judged by the severity of the manifestations of the disease, catarrhal symptoms and symptoms of intoxication.

But in general, the dominant symptoms of SARS are directly dependent on in what area of ​​the respiratory tract developed more severe inflammation, triggered by a virus. Thus, when rhinitis   It occurs defeat the nasal mucosa; pharyngitis   develops due to inflammation of the mucous membrane of the pharynx rights; at nasopharyngitis   These airways are affected part simultaneously; tonsillitis   It is seen in humans with inflammatory process of the tonsils; at laryngitis   affected the larynx; tracheitis   - A consequence of the inflammatory process in the trachea; at bronchitis   localized inflammation in the bronchi; at bronchiolitis   affects the bronchioles - the smallest bronchi.

However, not everyone is keenly aware of the difference between the common cold and SARS. Colds - the result of activation of the bacteria that reside in the bronchi, nose, throat man. The bacteria provoke the development of colds during the period when the body's defenses are weakened considerably. At the same time, ARI develops as a result of infection from a sick person.

Complications of SARS

With the development of acute respiratory disease complications can occur at any stage of the disease. Their occurrence may be due to the influence on the organism of the pathogen, and followed by the addition of the bacterial microflora. Most often complicated by SARS later pneumonia . bronchitis . bronchiolitis . It is also quite common complication is otitis . sinusitis . f rontity . sinusitis . Viral infections in young children may be complicated by quite a serious disease - acute laryngeal stenosis   (so-called false croup ). Neurological diseases as complications occur in less ARI: it meningoencephalitis . meningitis . neuritis . If there is strong fever   and sudden intoxication may develop of brain responses Which flow type convulsive and meningeal syndromes. In severe cases the patient may manifest hemorrhagic syndrome . Severe intoxication is sometimes provokes disorders of the heart, and in some cases - and the development myocarditis . Children in parallel with SARS may develop cholangitis . urinary tract infection . pyosepticemia . pancreatitis . mesenteric adenitis .

Diagnosing SARS

Diagnosing SARS doctor can, guided by the clinical picture of the disease. This must take into account how the symptoms are expressed and manifested their dynamics. Also, the physician should be familiar with epidemiological data.

To confirm the diagnosis by laboratory tests, special rapid methods - IFA and PCR. They make it possible to determine the presence of virus antigens respiratory epithelium of the nasal passages. Also, in some cases, are appointed by virological and serological methods.

If the patient developed bacterial complications, it is sent for consultation to other specialists - pulmonologist, otolaryngologist. If you suspect pneumonia   held radiography. If there are pathological changes in the upper respiratory tract, the patient is assigned to conduct pharyngoscope, rhinoscopy, otoscopy.

Treatment of SARS

If the disease is uncomplicated, treatment SARS   performed on an outpatient basis. Only in severe ARI and influenza patients admitted to hospital. Particularly seriously need to approach therapy if disease develops when pregnancy . Depending on how severe the condition of the patient, and what the nature of the pathology doctor determines which developed than cure SARS . For this purpose antivirals antibiotics . However, if the disease in adults are relatively mild, they may be treated ARI   folk remedies at home. But in any case, the final decision on how to treat SARS It should take only a specialist, so as soon as he can really appreciate how hard or easy the disease occurs.

As long as the patient continues to fever, he must strictly observe the rules of bed rest. Before the first visit to the doctor at the onset of symptoms the patient uses the basic methods of symptomatic treatments. What is important is the correct drinking regime: you need to drink at least two liters of fluid a day. After all, it takes place through the kidneys excretion of waste products of viruses, which trigger symptoms intoxication . Moreover, the liquid derived from the patient in large quantities when it sweats. Ideal for drinking in the days of illness suitable weak tea, mineral water, fruit drinks.

To eliminate symptoms practiced the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Their choice is now wide enough. Patients SARS   they are assigned to lower the temperature, relieve pain and reduce inflammation. Most often appointed paracetamol . analgene . Ibuprofen . Nimesulide . However, it should be borne in mind that each body can be individual sensitivity to a particular drug. And for the treatment of children is mainly used paracetamol.

Doctors do not recommend at SARS   reducing body temperature not exceeding 38 and 5 degrees, as at an elevated temperature in the body is inhibited activity of the pathogen.

When the manifestation of a strong separation of mucus from the nose and nasal apply antihistamine drugs . If the patient worried about a bad cough as a consequence of the emergence of phlegm in the respiratory tract, in this case, the means to alleviate cough and enhance liquefaction and subsequent sputum. It is important to provide the correct drinking regime, and humidify the air in the room where the patient resides. You can make tea based on medicinal plants, which are used for coughs. This lime, marshmallow, mother and stepmother, licorice, plantain, elderberry.

At a cold to dig in his nose should be several times a day vasodilators drops . It is important to do so, even if the patient feels mild nasal congestion. After all, as a result of edema blocked the outflow of the paranasal sinuses. The result is a medium suitable for subsequent microbial growth. But while doctors do not advise to use another vasodilator more than five days. Not to show the effect of addiction to the drug, it must be replaced by other means on the basis of another active ingredient.

When pain in the throat is often necessary to rinse it with any disinfectant solution. For this fit a decoction of sage, chamomile, calendula. You can prepare a solution furatsillina or diluted in a glass of water one teaspoon baking soda and salt. Gargle should be not less than once every two hours.

In order to prevent a bacterial microflora doctors prescribe from the first days of drugs that stimulate local mucosal immunity. This medication IRS 19 . imudon .

In the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections in children are used gompeopaticheskie agents, antiviral drugs, interferon and imunostimulyatory. It is important from the very first hours of the disease to ensure the correct approach to the therapy and make sure as soon as possible to see a doctor.

Nutrition for SARS

About how important to drink plenty of liquids at SARS , It was already in the sections above. It is best to SARS   Regular use warm, slightly acidified beverages. To improve the process of sputum discharge can drink milk with mineral water.

In the days of the disease, experts recommend to eat light meals - for example, warm vegetable broth   or soup . On the first day of illness it is best to confine yogurt or baked apples as excessive eating can worsen the patient's condition. In addition, during the most intense symptoms SARS   there usually is not desirable. But after 2-3 days the patient's appetite increases. Yet it should not be abused heavy food. It is best to confine dishes that are rich protein . It effectively restores the protein cells that have been damaged by the virus. Suitable baked fish, meat, dairy products. Alternatively, useful and buckwheat porridge with vegetables.

It is especially important to fully eat at ARI those who take antibiotics. Even if a person feels very bad food should be regular. After taking antibiotics strictly before or after eating. That food is considerably softens the impact of antibiotics on the gastrointestinal tract. It is also desirable along with a course of antibiotics to practice the use of fermented milk products bifidokulturami . It can effectively recover bifidoprodukty intestinal microflora balance that violate these drugs. And even after the treatment is about three weeks to use such products.

Pregnancy and SARS

Until today there is no clear evidence that there is infection of the fetus and its subsequent SARS defects suffered by the mother. Therefore, after undergoing the early stages of the disease on pregnant women are advised to do an ultrasound or control prenatal screening .

If SARS during pregnancy is still apparent, the woman should not be in any case to panic. Should immediately call a doctor, not a practicing independent therapies. It is important to bear in mind that SARS during pregnancy occurs with more severe symptoms, as in the body of the woman in childbearing has been experiencing physiological changes and impair the protective properties of the organism.

In the process of developing the disease is greatly reduced blood flow to the placenta and fetus. As a consequence, there is a threat hypoxia . However, timely treatment can prevent such a serious condition. It is important to avoid the complications of the disease, manifested in the form pneumonia   and bronchitis .

When pregnancy is impossible to practice the therapy of many drugs. Antibiotics are prescribed to women only if the disease is especially hard. When assigning a particular drug to a pregnant woman doctor must evaluate all risks, gestational age, the likelihood of the drug on the development of the baby. Also, if necessary, symptomatic woman taking drugs, vitamins, homeopathic remedies. Practiced as physiotherapy, steam inhalation.

It is important that every pregnant woman and her entourage have taken all measures to prevent SARS. It is proper nutrition, protection from contact with sick people, drink plenty of liquids, compliance with all health standards during epidemics.

Prevention of SARS

To date, there is no really effective measures specific prevention. It recommended strict adherence to sanitary-hygienic regime in the outbreak of the epidemic. This is a regular wet cleaning and airing the premises, thorough dishwashing and personal care of patients wearing a cotton-gauze bandages, frequent hand washing, and others. It is important to increase the resilience of children to the virus by means of tempering, receiving immunomodulators. It is also considered a method of prevention vaccination   flu.

During the epidemic should avoid crowded places, more walk in the fresh air, take a multivitamin complexes or preparations of ascorbic acid. It is recommended that at home every day to eat onions and garlic.