Broken ribs

September 30, 2011

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Ribs   - A skeleton human torso, which is paired elements the axial part of the skeleton Which are connected with the spine. They form the chest, inside of which there is most vital organs. Broken ribs   - It is one of the most common injuries of the chest, which is the damage to the rib bones from the violation of their integrity. Rib fractures cause damage viscera of the respiratory system . hearts . pleura . intercostal vessels . The turning point in severe cases can be fatal, so it is not necessary to self-medicate.

Chest bruising open Arising from the impact of chest injuries from firearms and others. Closed injuries   occur in collisions, which occur as a result of injuries, bruises, broken ribs and chest compression. Fracture of the ribs is the most common disease among closed injuries of the chest (67% of closed trauma). From fractures often suffer IV-VIII edges of the back and middle axillary line.

Impacts on the ribs can life direct   and indirect . In a direct impact edges bend inwards towards the pleural cavity, and the debris can damage organs, lung or parietal pleura . While there is an indirect impact of squeezing the chest, resulting in broken ribs on both sides of the compression space. Typically, several broken ribs once. Bilateral fractures   lead to loss of stability of the chest, as well as plevropulmonalnomu shock   and violation ventilation . Also, there are fenestrated fractures Ie on the one hand at two places. Broken ribs often seen in people over 40, which is associated with age-related changes in bone tissue. Rib fractures in children are very rare, due to the elasticity of the chest, and in the elderly small injuries can lead to multiple fractures. Separate cracked ribs . subperiosteal fracture In which the broken bone and full rib fracture Which often happens on the bend edges, ie, on side surfaces of the thorax, in all cases there may be one and the same symptoms rib fractures.

The cause rib fractures is a direct and indirect chest injury, such as falling on the exposed subject, with the direct impact, while squeezing the chest, hitting the car, a car accident.

Symptoms of rib fractures

The main symptoms of rib fractures are:

• Severe pain when breathing   in the area of ​​damage. Inhalation acute pain, worse when coughing or deep breaths.
• Swelling in the area of ​​the fracture, tenderness to palpation.
• Hurried breathing Usually damaged part of the chest breathing is lagging behind. Congestion may occur, leading to the development of posttraumatic pneumonia .
• Forming Bruise   on the site of the fracture.
• When probing the creaking felt fat ( crepitus ).
• Hemorrhage   through the upper respiratory organs in the chest that may lead to death.
• If the damage is easy - hemoptysis . aerodermectasia . accumulation of blood and air in the chest .

It is important to note that at the turn of the posterior parts of the ribs are mild respiratory disorders.

Treatment of rib fractures

In order to diagnose broken ribs, the doctor will percussion   and auscultation And appoint X-rays . These studies will help rule out the presence of fluid in the pleural area. On the X-ray will be seen, there is a fracture or not.

Treatment of fracture of ribs consists of several stages. Primarily anesthetized damaged part through the chest novocaine   (10 ml procaine) or alcohol-novocaine   (9 ml and 1 ml of procaine alcohol) Blockade . With multiple fractures prescribe paravertebral blockade   sodium, procaine, and in case of multiple bilateral fractures - skeletal traction behind the breastbone .

In severe cases, apply Surgical treatment of fracture   - Medical immobilization. If you need - spend puncture   to output the accumulated blood. The patient shows a complete rest, and usually for rehabilitation in uncomplicated cases required four weeks. Appointed expectorants methods Physiotherapy   and breathing exercises, which aims to prevent stagnation in the organs of the chest.

In uncomplicated fractures impose a plaster, and with multiple fractures treatment is carried out in a hospital. If the patient suffers severe pain, and to avoid the development of posttraumatic pneumonia, appointed procaine and other blockages in the fracture site.

Rib fractures were treated on their own should not, however, possible to provide first aid. It is necessary to make the ice hurts, take Ibuprofen Make a pressure bandage from bandage and towels, in the "polvydoha" as soon as possible go to the doctor. At the hospital the patient is delivered in half upright or supine position.

Damage to the chest lead to complications. They are the development of pneumonia hemopleura   and pneumothorax As well as bruised lungs and heart. Fracture of the lower edges can lead to damage of the abdominal organs such as the liver and spleen.