Orsoten

Description overdue on 04/06/2014

• Latin name: Orsoten
• ATC code: A08AB01
• Active substance: Orlistat (Orlistat)
• Manufacturer: Krka-Rus (Russia)

Photos of the drug

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• Composition
• Product form
• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
• Indications
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Instructions for use Orsotena (method and dosage)
• Overdose
• Cooperation
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Cautions
• Analogs
• Synonyms
• Babies
• Slimming
• During pregnancy (and lactation)
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

Composition

The composition of one capsule Orsotena following: it contains 120 mg Orlistat As well as an auxiliary ingredient - microcrystalline cellulose .

Product form

Hard gelatin capsules may have a white to whitish yellow, they contain microbeads or microgranules and a mixture of a white powder. The capsules may contain agglomerates that are very easy to fall apart when they press.

The capsules are contained in a blister pack of 7 pieces in a carton box contains 3, 6 or 12 of the blisters. Also, capsules can be packaged in a blister pack to 21 pieces, cardboard packaging contains 1, 2 or 4 blisters with capsules.

Pharmacological action

Pills Orsoten suspend the process of fat absorption in the intestine. The drug is a part of the active substance Orlistat Which specifically inhibits gastric and pancreatic lipases. The emergence of covalent bonds with stomach   and pancreatic lipase   Orlistat prevents splitting of fats contained in food. When triglycerides are not cleaved from the digestive tract are not absorbed. They are excreted in the feces. As a result, the human body receives fewer calories. Therefore, the summary shows that Orsoten helps to reduce body weight. Thus there is no systemic absorption of the active ingredient.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

At a dose of 60 mg three times a day, the drug being blocked approximately 25% of fat absorption from food.

Already 24-48 hours after ingestion of the drug concentration of fat in the intestinal contents of the intestine increases. If the preparation is canceled, the concentration of fat in the intestine is returned to the same parameters as before his admission, after 48-72 hours.

If the agent takes an adult body mass index of more than 28 kg / m2, at a dose of 60 mg three times a day, its effectiveness is increased by combined treatment with low-calorie diet. Mainly active weight lost in the first six months of treatment.

In addition to reducing the weight of orlistat at a dose of 60 mg three times a day can reduce the content of cholesterol . In addition, people who are drug treatment, noted the decrease in the waist.

According to research, there is minimal absorption Orlistat . When using therapeutic doses of the drug in the blood plasma unmodified orlistat is present only sporadically, wherein its concentration is very low. There are also no signs of accumulation.

Orlistat binds to plasma proteins is greater than 99%. At a minimum, it is able to penetrate into the erythrocytes .

Metabolism   It noted in the walls of the small intestine, and stomach. About 97% of the material discharged through the intestines, including 83% - as persistent orlistat. Kidneys derived only about 2% of the total dose. Full elimination from the body is 3-5 days.

Indications

Orsoten   and Orsoten Plus   is shown to receive people who need to reduce body weight. Assign an adult patients who are overweight (body mass index greater than 28). The drug can be taken only under the low-calorie diet.

Contraindications

Contraindications drug following:

• High sensitivity orlistat ;
• chronic malabsorption syndrome   and cholestasia ;
• childhood and adolescence.

Precautions Orsoten appointed the following diseases:

• diabetes   the second type;
• violation of kidney function;
• hypothyroidism ;
• epilepsy ;
• change in the volume of interstitial fluid.

Side effects

With regular use of the capsules may develop some side effects. In most cases this gastrointestinal reactions associated with the pharmacological action of the drug.

• Digestive system : The appearance of oily secretions nature of the rectum, gassing , Periodic urgency to defecate, abdominal pain, loose stools . scatacratia More frequent bowel movements.
• Hematopoietic system : Increase in the MHO, a decrease in the concentration of prothrombin .
• Skin : Appearance bullous rash .
• Allergic symptoms : hives . rash . itch . bronchospasm . anaphylaxis . angioedema .
• May exhibit minor rectal bleeding, hepatitis . diverticulitis . cholelithiasis , Elevated liver enzymes.

If you notice any adverse effects, be sure to consult your doctor so that he has determined whether to continue treatment.

Instructions for use Orsotena (method and dosage)

The drug is taken orally in a food or decision for one hour after the meal.

Instructions on Orsoten Slim   He notes that the patient must adhere to a low-calorie diet, where, based on calories contains not more than 30% fat. Food must be spread evenly over three stages. How much time should be a means of how to take Slimming Capsules correctly, as well as individual dosage should be determined by the doctor.

Typically, for adult patients assigned to receive 120 mg of orlistat three times a day, that is, during or after each food intake. If there was no food intake or food does not contain fat, the capsule can not receive.

Orsotena maximum dose a day - 3 capsules. If the drug is taken in a dose exceeding 360 mg per day, its efficacy is not increased, but greatly increases the risk of side effects.

With a decrease in body weight of less than 5% at 12 weeks of therapy Orsotenom should be discontinued.

Even before the start of the drug is recommended to follow diet   and regularly carry out f Physically exercise . Proper nutrition and sport should be practiced, and after stopping capsules.

Overdose

Information about the overdose, as well as adverse reactions, observed as a result of an overdose are not available. If there was a significant overdose Orlistat , It is necessary to consult a doctor. Medical supervision is necessary for such a patient during the day. All of the systemic effects of the active ingredient rapidly reversible.

Cooperation

If at the same time taking cyclosporine   and Orlistat , There is a decrease in the concentration of cyclosporine   in blood plasma. As a consequence, lowers its immunosuppressive activity. Concomitant treatment with these drugs.

Receiving Orlistat   and warfarin   or other oral anticoagulants leads to changes in the value MHO.

Treatment with orlistat leads to malabsorption series fat-soluble vitamins .

It should not be used at the same time Orlistat   and acarbose   in the absence of data on their interactions.

Simultaneous reception Amiodarone   orlistat with a reduced concentration of amiodarone in plasma. Apply these medicines at the same time is possible only after the recommendation of a specialist.

There was no interaction with Orsotena F enitoinom . Atorvastatin . Amitriptyline . Fluoxetine . Phentermine . Sibutramine . Digoxin . Losartan . ethanol , Oral contraceptives, but also pravastatin . biguanidami . fibrates .

Terms of sale

Sold by prescription.

Storage conditions

Store at a temperature of from 15 to 25 degrees Celsius. The drug should be protected from children.

Shelf life

Keep Orsoten can be 2 years.

Cautions

Be sure to focus on the patients that non-compliance with a low-calorie diet and the same time taking capsules likelihood of side effects increases.

If the people who are oral contraceptives   while taking Orsoten, note the appearance of diarrhea They need to use additional methods of protection, in particular barrier.

Multivitamin Orsotenom in the treatment must be taken before bedtime, as Orlistat   impaired absorption of some vitamins.

People taking hypoglycemics Must before treatment slimming capsules be sure to consult your doctor, who will adjust the dose of hypoglycemic drugs.

By reducing the weight of the person can be marked improvements in blood pressure, reduce cholesterol levels. So people taking drugs to lower blood pressure, as well as the means to prevent hypercholesterolemia, while taking Orsotena should consult with your doctor.

If the treatment with orlistat develop rectal bleeding , Be sure to consult with your doctor.

Admission Orsotena does not affect the person's ability to manage the transport or work with the precise mechanism.

Because of the minimal absorption of orlistat to adjust the dose for the elderly and for people suffering from dysfunction of the kidneys and liver, is not necessary.

Analogs

Match code ATC 4th level:

• Ksenalten
• Orlistat
• Xenical

Analogs Orsoten drug - this drug Xenical . Orlistat . Orsoten Slim . Orlimaks . Ksenalten   and others. In the selection of drugs is recommended to always consult a doctor. Guided solely by the cost of the drug should not be. In addition, some drugs have a higher cost. In particular Xenical capsules will cost an average of 900 rubles. 21 capsule, whereas the price of an analogue of Xenical - Orsoten the drug - about 650 rubles per 21 capsule.

Xenical or Orsoten - which is better?

Reviews show that this question is no single answer. The effectiveness of drugs on the body and Orsoten Xenical depends on how correct and regular intake of capsules is, whether the person is engaged in sport, whether it complies with the diet. Both drugs are used for complex treatment of obesity. Both tools include one pharmacological group have similar active substance and are inhibitors of gastrointestinal lipases. Determine what kind of drug is selected will help the doctor, considering the individual characteristics of the person and his problems.

Is it better or Orsoten Reduxine?

Reduxine   - It is a combination tool that provides enterosorbiruyuschee and anorectic effect on the body. As the reviews, Reduxine can significantly reduce appetite, while Orsoten prevents the absorption of fat. Taking into account the different effects of medicines, their choice should be made available only to the expert.

Synonyms

Xenical . Alai .

Babies

Not applicable for the treatment of children and adolescents who are under 18 years old.

Slimming

The drug used to treat obesity .

Asked the difference between Orsoten   from Orsoten Slim It should be primarily borne in mind that the active substance in both preparations is Orlistat . Only different dosage - a capsule Orsoten used 120 mg of active ingredient, and a slim Orsoten - 60 mg. Choosing a drug for weight loss, it should be taken into account for this difference.

During pregnancy and lactation

There are no clinical studies of drug action during pregnancy   and between breast-feeding . Therefore, the means is not used for treating pregnant women and lactating mothers.

Reviews

At various sites and forums are numerous reviews Orsoten slimming. Most reviews Orsoten Slim   and Orsoten Plus   demonstrate the effectiveness of the drug. Reviews lost weight often contain information on how to help a person lose weight kilograms of the drug. As a rule, it is noted that the pills 120mg allow to lose for one month 5-7 kg.

Note that the reviews about losing weight Orsotene Slim   and Orsotene   It indicates that the most effective action of the drug observed when combining it with the reception low-calorie diet. Almost every active forum for slimming holds a discussion of how safe it is slimming. Generally, it is noted that the drug provokes side effects if the person during the treatment does not reduce the usual amount of fats in the diet.

Reviews of Orsotene doctors also largely positive. They approve the drug as an analogue of Xenical, while noting that the reception means it is necessary to practice in compliance with diet and active lifestyle.

Price Orsotena where to buy

The average price Orsotena   Weight loss is 630 rubles - 650 rubles. 21 capsule. Buy in Moscow Orsoten 120 mg (42 capsules) can be the average for 940-1000 rubles. Cost Orsoten Slim   an average of 1700-1800 rubles per pack (84 capsules). Slightly cheaper means to buy internet pharmacy in the presence of stocks and discounts. How much does a pharmacy Orsoten should specify a particular point of sale.

The cost of the drug in Ukraine (21 capsule) is about 430-450 UAH. Belarus Orsoten difficult to buy. As a rule, in Minsk and in other cities of the country must be pre-ordered slimming internet pharmacies. Similarly, you can buy the drug in Kazakhstan.

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The fifth month of pregnancy

May 17, 2012

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The fifth month of pregnancy   - A period of the equator for a woman carrying a child. The kid starts to move actively, and sometimes perturbation is already feeling not only the expectant mother, but other people. 5 month of pregnancy - a time when most likely it is already possible to know what the sex of a future child. Actively growing belly, so you need to be adjusted wardrobe to pregnant feel most comfortable.

The development of the child in the fifth month of pregnancy

To convince physicians, the fifth month of the baby can already hear and even to distinguish between sounds and voices. Already at this stage, it is starting to recognize the timbre of the voices of their parents.

Gradually, the work of the body included endocrine glands   fetus. This month, they begin to work actively to ensure the fruit it needs hormones . Also, the child begins to function the spleen, which produces a lot lymphocytes   and monocytes Responsible for the protective functions of the organism. It is the responsibility of the spleen include tracking quality erythrocyte That are produced by the bone marrow. Thus, the red blood cells, which have a defect, sort and destroyed.

Especially pregnant, 17 weeks which is often marked by increasing tremors kid is a gradual increase in its activity. The body of the baby during this period covers the so-called vernix - Cheesy whitish substance. This sebum mixed with flakes of the epidermis. Most dense layers of the substance found in the fetus on the scalp, behind the ears, the bending of the limbs. In the following weeks the baby takes a passive tab immunity It continues the rapid growth of muscles and bones. Gradually, by the end of the fifth month, the fetus becomes more and more features that make it look like a newborn. The body becomes more round, fluff covering the skin darkens. By the end of five months of pregnancy, the fetus will grow to about 25 cm, and his weight is about 300-400 grams.

In the fifth month of pregnancy, a woman usually takes second ultrasonography During which the fruit can be considered in more detail. Thus, the doctor can eliminate a number of possible defects of the baby. During this study provided the opportunity to learn and sex of the child. However, in some cases, the position of the baby can not be determined, boy or a girl.

The appearance of a woman five months pregnant

If initially pregnancy, 18 weeks of which a woman slowly and rather slowly gaining weight, not particularly noticeable around the people, for the fifth month of pregnancy is characterized by a more intensive weight gain women. Normal weight gain for this month is considered to be three kilograms. However, every pregnant woman should take into account the fact that in the process of carrying a child weight gain can occur not gradually, but a kind of jumps. Therefore, in each individual case, the number dialed kilograms can differ.

During this period the woman is possible sharp rise in the hair, which sometimes appear in rather unexpected places - for example, on the back, on the abdomen. At the same time the hair on your head become much thicker, silkier. Also significantly improved the condition of nails: they become longer and stronger. The fact is that during pregnancy, blood flow becomes more intensive, respectively, the amount of mineral nutrients in the female body is also increased. However, we must note that after birth such positive changes, unfortunately, tend to disappear.

Sex in the fifth month of pregnancy

At 5 months pregnant, many women say that their sex life is more harmonious. This is explained partly by the fact that during the second trimester of pregnancy, the expectant mother being, as a rule, good. Some women becomes much easier to feel an orgasm during sex. True, there are those who no longer feel it at all.

Such changes - is the result of fluctuations hormonal . After the baby is born, all these features will disappear.

Health on the fifth month of pregnancy

Gradually, pregnancy 20 weeks, which is already behind us, it becomes more visible, increasing stomach, and it always affects the overall health of the expectant mother. When walking or other physical activities, she can already feel a little shortness of breath. The frequency of urination is also increasing: in toilet have to get up at night. Gradually increase the size of breasts. When pregnancy 5 months is breast changes were less noticeable, it continues to evolve, sometimes in women from the nipples, a small quantity of colostrum. This is normal in this period, so no excitement, no discomfort, it should not cause.

There may be some problems with the skin, which become too dry. In some places, the skin may begin to peel off until the occurrence of attacks of small itching. In such phenomena can seek the advice of the attending gynecologist or use special means for pregnant women, which are designed for skin care.

At this time, the woman must take all measures to prevent the manifestation Varicose Veins . To do this, first of all, we should completely abandon the shoes with heels. And women who have a tendency to problems with veins, it is strongly recommended to wear special tights, which can be purchased at the pharmacy. Perhaps we should think about a new pair of walking shoes, because the size of the legs of the pregnant women often increases slightly.

After about 20 weeks of pregnancy, some women are recommended to wear a special bandage, which helps to maintain the abdomen. However, this should only be done if the doctor confirmed that the child is already in the correct position - cephalic presentation. Such a bandage warn reverse "reversal" of the fetus, as well as help avoid stretch marks on the skin that appear in connection with its stretching. In addition, the shroud a woman is easier to move.

Position in sleep during pregnancy, 19 weeks of which women experience less noticeable inconvenience, as it is already necessary to adjust. The stomach is increased and sleeping in the prone position, and the back becomes inconvenient. The optimal sleep posture for pregnant women experts determine the position on the left side, while placing a pillow between your legs, or with his legs crossed. In this posture during sleep the blood flow is activated, it improves the function of the kidneys, and eventually the fruit gets more he needed nutrients. The products of metabolism are excreted more intense, and she does not complain of swelling.

A pregnant woman, residing at 5 months, should not lift heavy things and objects. The maximum weight that you can lift and carry, is five kilograms. If lifting is unavoidable, it is extremely important to do it right - gradually and not abruptly. It should be a little legs apart and bend your knees, not to bend at the waist.

What worries a woman five months pregnant

During 5 months of pregnancy, the expectant mother can mark certain phenomena, both physical and psychological, that it is concerned. It may be too intense fetal movement, expression constipation . Heartburn , Intermittent bowel disorder . Perhaps the constant feeling of blockage in the nasal passages and running nose , The periodic appearance of headaches, dizziness, too copious cables , Bleeding gums. Also, a woman bears a child, in this period can suffer from leg cramps, swelling of extremities, varicose veins. In the back, you may receive intermittent or constant pain on the face and skin of the abdomen arise pigmentation . Pigmentation darkish vertical line appears on the belly, and the so-called chloasma   - Dark spots - appears on the face. Sometimes, due to the friction of some parts of the skin of pregnant women appear birthmarks   or Warts Which, in most cases, disappeared after birth. At this time, can significantly amplify appetite. Expectant mother notes that the mood changes she now occur less frequently. She gradually realizes that such a pregnancy, resulting periodic feels distraction and fatigue.

It is important to rest as much as possible and in any case to prevent physical and mental overload.

Fainting during pregnancy

In the fifth month fainting   and dizziness   Many pregnant women are concerned .  There are a number of reasons that explain such phenomena .  Thus, vertigo may be a consequence of a significant change in the proportions between the blood volume and the volume of blood vessels .  This state provokes and the constant pressure of the uterus, which is growing rapidly in the blood vessels .  Some women at this time is shown a so-called orthostatic hypotension .  This vertigo, which occur when abruptly changing the position of the body, for example in the process of getting up .  Therefore, pregnant women are strongly encouraged at all times to change the position of the body is very smooth, not sharp .  To avoid fainting, it is important to eat regularly and fully, as a result of starvation may decrease blood sugar levels of pregnant .  Syncope can also be the consequence of insufficient amounts of oxygen in the room .  However, the manifestation of frequent fainting woman should always consult with your doctor because it may indicate the development of anemia   or other illnesses.

If you experience dizziness pregnant woman should lie down and give the legs elevated position. If there is no opportunity to lie down, you need to sit down and tilt your head forward or stand on one knee, and tilted his head.

Back pain during pregnancy

Pain in the back of a pregnancy occurs due to the relaxation of femoral-sacral joints. This happens because the body is preparing for a baby born. In addition, due to the rapid growth of the belly of a pregnant body posture changes, and it to avoid losing balance instinctively retracts shoulders. Pregnant whose correct posture, usually from back pain does not suffer.

In order to back pain do not occur very rapidly, already five months pregnant should consider some points. First of all, it is important to monitor the woman's own body weight. If the weight is increasing too fast, the load on the spine is also increasing. It should be worn only convenient and stable shoes, not stand a long time in the same position.

A pregnant woman should sleep on a firm mattress only. If he strongly bent under it need to enclose something smooth and solid. Wearing a brace or belt for pregnant women also helps to reduce pain in the spine.

Women need to pay attention to the fact whether it is properly seated. Do not put the foot on the leg while sitting, because this situation provokes a heavy load on his back. Feet is desirable to put on the platform, and support for the spine would let the chair. It is important to "sit up" and periodically to walk a few minutes.

Not recommended for a long time to raise the hands up: in that position back muscles tense up strongly. To reduce the pain in the back, you can take a warm bath or do a few special physical exercises that will tell the doctor.

Power in the fifth month of pregnancy

During this period, a woman may suffer from periodic bouts of heartburn. To prevent them, should always drink the juice of fresh potatoes, jelly drink, eat grated carrots. The correct approach to nutrition during the gestation of the child is also important to prevent problems with the condition of the teeth, which often occur with the development of the fetus. In the second trimester of pregnancy, it is important to include in the diet of many foods that contain calcium, try to reduce the amount of sugar eaten. It helps strengthen the gums vitamin C . Consequently, the need to constantly eat foods that contain this vitamin. The daily diet should be zbalansirovannym, food - nutritious. However, the total caloric intake should not be too high.

Dangers in the fifth month of pregnancy

In rare cases, in the period between the 12th and 20th weeks of pregnancy can occur spontaneously Abortions . Abortion at 5 months is due to inflammation in the uterus or in the children's place. Sometimes a miscarriage can occur as a consequence of surgical operations on the pelvic vessels, the use of certain medications. It is also possible separation of placenta from the uterus prematurely, the termination of the production of hormones that are responsible for normal pregnancy. In addition, the trigger on late term miscarriage may communicable diseases, chronic illnesses, the anatomical features of the uterus, as well as heavy stress .

A woman should know that the main features of the development of the pathological process is the allocation of a pink or brown color, which extend more than two days, the presence of cramps, bleeding. If any such indication exists, it is important to immediately contact your doctor.

Sometimes a pregnant woman in this period there are pains in the abdomen, which are associated with the process of stretching the nodes and muscles that support the uterus. The pain may have a different character - she is like cramping, stabbing, and a long and dull. Such manifestations - a normal variant. However, if this condition appears on the background of elevated temperature, bleeding, severe discharge, fainting, it is important to immediately consult a doctor.

References

Experts do not object to the travel of pregnant women at this stage of pregnancy. But before that, the expectant mother should consult a doctor and be examined. Travel in any case should not bore a woman, therefore, we can not allow it to be a distant and dangerous. With a sure to grab the map with a history of pregnancy, a first aid kit.

Fi.zicheskaya activity in the fifth month of pregnancy and is not contraindicated. However, doing exercise, you need to remember about their own position. Therefore, it is advisable to do a special set of simple exercises for pregnant women, it is also useful on this term to swim.

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)

April 14, 2012

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Vitamin B6   It is a combination of several substances, which have similar biological activity.

Vitamin B6 is essential for the body, since it was he responsible for the absorption of unsaturated fatty acids, metabolism of proteins and fats. Furthermore, this vitamin   It participates in many chemical reactions in the body. The more fat and protein for human food uses, the more a given compound it needs. When vitamin B6 deficiency in some of the enzymes of the organism can be blocked, and it is impossible without chemical processes. Vitamin B6 also improves the functioning of the nervous system, liver, is involved in hematopoiesis. Like all other vitamins of the group, vitamin B6 takes part in metabolism Involved in the synthesis of glutamic acid, histamine, Hemoglobin . enzymes . It lowers the level of cholesterol It improves the contractility of the heart muscle, along with vitamin B5 it converts folic acid   in active form. Another function of vitamin B6 is in education antibodies As well as the synthesis of neurotransmitters, which are necessary for the healthy functioning of the nervous system, is involved in the development of red blood cells, the processes of glucose uptake by nerve cells. In addition, vitamin B6 retards the aging process by the synthesis of nucleic acids, acts as a natural diuretic, reduces numbness, muscle cramps or spasms, helps prevent skin disorders.

Opening of vitamin B6 was spontaneous, as a byproduct.

Vitamin B6 is water soluble, it does not accumulate in the body and rapidly - for eight hours, it is output. Therefore, this compound is constantly replenishing the body needs, what should happen with the help of a balanced diet.

The daily requirement of vitamin B6 are different for each age for infants must be 0, 3-0, 7 mg for older children - 1 to 1, 7 mg, adult needs 1, 6-2, 2 mg, and pregnant and lactating mothers require from 1, 8 to 2, 6 mg of the vitamin.

Taking certain drugs, such as kuprimin and penicillamine, anti-TB drugs and anticonvulsants can lead to a severe shortage of this vitamin in the body. Not recommended simultaneous with vitamin B6 Vitamin B1   and B12 due to the weakening of their overall impact. Also, this vitamin can cause a decrease in efficacy of drugs for the treatment of Parkinson's disease .

Increased received doses of vitamin useful when taking oral contraceptives, antidepressants, smokers, people who consume large amounts of alcohol during increased physical load.

Symptoms of vitamin B6 in the body:

• Depression
• Convulsions
• Decreased appetite
• Irritability
• Nausea and vomiting
• Increased anxiety
• Confusion
• Stunting in children
• Seborrheic dermatitis
• Konvulsionnye attacks
• Metaorizm
• EEG Abnormalities
• The appearance of kidney stones
• Glossitis
• Polyneuritis upper and lower extremities
• The appearance of kidney stones
• Conjunctivitis
• Canker
• Peripheral neuritis

Vitamin B6 is well absorbed in various forms. Daily intake of the substance in the doses, which exceed the recommended 50 times over several years, has not led to any adverse effects.

Amongst plant sources of vitamin B6   You can select soybeans, potatoes, wild mustard, corn, citrus fruits, tomatoes, cabbage and cauliflower, strawberries, nuts, bananas, avocados, carrots, beans, rice, cereals, spinach, yeast, spinach, corn cereal.

The sources   vitamin animal   They are eggs, heart, kidneys and liver of cattle and cod, dairy products and milk, oysters, fish, meat.

Diagnosis of the disease hair tricology office

August 22, 2011

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Trichology   (from the Greek. «trichos» - hair, «logos» - knowledge) - this section dermatocosmetology That studies the structure and function of the hair and scalp, and provides diagnosis and treatment of hair. According to statistics, three quarters of the world's population have problems with hair. These include not only hair loss , but also attrition And easing . dandruff   and seborrhea , and many others. It is engaged in the solution of these problems trichology, which was formed as a separate line dermatocosmetology   50-ies of XX century.

Trichology is developing very rapidly and now account tricology have virtually any cosmetic clinic.

Thus, if you have dry lifeless hair, oily scalp and dry ends of hair if your hair quickly get dirty and need cleaning every day, and if your hair falls out, then you should visit the office trihologa. Stress, poor environment, poor-quality food and other factors negatively affect the health of the hair, and can lead to hair loss. It is important to note that if you are concerned about the problems with the hair, most often associated with underlying medical conditions, with endocrine disorders . gastrointestinal disease .

Admission to tricology office starts with the initial consultation the doctor. He asks the patient about his complaints, lifestyle, presence of stress, diet, previous diseases, as well as hair care products. After this inspection is carried out Scalp   patient. The doctor evaluates the general condition of the hair, hair damage, the degree of hair loss, as well as possible related disease processes - excessive oiliness or dryness of hair, dandruff, rashes, sores. Also examined are subject to eyelashes, eyebrows and nails, as they are directly related to the diseases of hair, and then appointed by the extended diagnosis of diseases of the hair.

At the initial consultation, doctor triholog   may refer the patient to other specialists - to the gastroenterologist . endocrinologist . gynecologist . neurologist   and various analyzes, such as analyzes of hormones, blood and urine immunnogrammu and abdominal ultrasound.

After that the Computer hair microscopy   and scalp. Portable video camera transmits a magnified image on the monitor, and the roots of the hair shafts. Smears gives important information about the number of hairs per square centimeter, and a growing percentage of hair loss, the state hair follicles , Functioning sebaceous gland , On the state of the surface the hair shaft , The degree of blood supply hair follicles , The activity of the sebaceous glands, and the scalp condition, posechennyh tips , Severity of seborrhea. This diagnosis of diseases of the hair is very effective, this vivid and objective method is popular.

If you are concerned about increased hair loss, the doctor will make Trichogramma   - The method of microscopic study to analyze about 100 hairs from different parts of the scalp - occipital and frontoparietal and defining the relationship between the stages of hair growth - anagen, catagen and telogen. These will identify the type of Trichogramma alopecia   and the dynamics of its development. Then use the computer program " Trichoscience "And digital trihoskopy. Based on these studies, we can understand the condition of your hair, to determine the intensity of hair loss and thinning hair degree, assess the thickness and diameter of the hair.

Where indicated after hair microscopy held computer, your doctor may suggest an analysis mineralogrammy hair Which allows to determine the number of micro and trace elements in the body, as hair are an indicator of their lack of body hair problems may indicate other diseases. This will let you know how the stomach, intestines, liver and kidneys help to detect the presence of chronic diseases, as well as make recommendations for drawing proper diet, assign the necessary vitamins and minerals in the right amounts.

Accurate diagnosis of diseases of the hair makes it possible to assign the correct treatment, the doctor selects the individual scheme for each patient. Most often, this circuit consists of a destination therapeutic preparations applied to the scalp and hair, as well as different procedures. Massage . acupuncture . Mesotherapy   - Appointed to stimulate hair growth. Reflexology . physiotherapy   (cryomassage liquid nitrogen, arsonvalization   - A kind of electrical stimulation) are assigned individually. For intake prescribe vitamin and trace elements, as well as phytotherapeutic drugs.

In addition, the doctor will be able to pick you triholog individual hair care - shampoo . air conditioning   and masks And means for stacking and depending on the condition and type of hair.

Correction of facial aging changes

August 12th, 2011

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With age, the process will inevitably change the facial skin, the skin loses its elasticity, becomes drier, the wrinkles appear. If at a young age the systematic reduction facial muscles   leaves no visible traces, in older age, due to the deterioration of skin elasticity, wrinkles inevitably form. Such manifestations of aging frighten many people, especially women.

Zone faces Most susceptible to the formation of facial wrinkles:

• horizontal, sometimes in conjunction with vertical wrinkles of the forehead;
• vertical wrinkles above the bridge of the nose;
• wrinkles (crow's feet) in the outer corners of the eyes;
• radial wrinkles in the perioral area;
• chin wrinkles and folds gubopodborodochnye;
• neck wrinkles.

With age, the process is more progressive, wrinkles are static and there is a need for correction of age-related changes of the face. Correction of facial aging changes   - It is one of the major challenges which have to deal with on a daily basis cosmetology and plastic surgery.

In modern cosmetology uses different techniques to correct choice of application is based on the age of the person, the acceptability of techniques, which is directly related to lifestyle, health status, presence of comorbidities in the internal organs, the individual characteristics of facial expressions for each specific person, as well as a variety of other determinants. This can be both surgery   facelift, Facelift by using yarns   (lifting strand) and nonsurgical   correction methods.

The purpose of the initial reception at the doctor-cosmetician

The main task - to develop an individual program of correction so that it is possible to satisfy the wishes of the patient. On initial admission   We must tackle the following tasks:

• explicit desire of those goals and objectives to be achieved with the help of a doctor patient;
• identify medical technologies approved by RZN that may be used in the process of achieving the objectives;
• determination of the existence of material support for their application;
• identification and determination of the existence or absence of contraindications to the planned medical technologies.

It should also be discussed with the patient and the observance of general measures: diet . physical Culture , Compliance management mode of wakefulness and sleep, etc.

Methods of correction of facial aging changes

Surgical Face Lift   (lifting the eyebrows, circular plastic face, Blepharoplasty )

Surgery is performed in which the tightening of skin, removal of excess skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and others. Actions resulting in elastic fibers facial tissue elasticity returns. The operation takes place under local anesthesia, the patient is hospitalized for 1 day. After 3-7 days, the cast is removed, and the process of recovery, which takes 1-2 weeks.

Photorejuvenation

This technique based on exposure light flux   all the layers of skin and tissue. It can supplement the surgical correction of facial or precede it. This is a new and unique method for some procedures allows to smooth wrinkles, improves skin turgor, markedly improves the complexion and shows lifting effect . Applying rejuvenation, achieve disappearance of senile vascular lesions and pigmented spots. Held by this method and the fight against freckles That with age may merge into patches, giving the face an unhealthy color.

Lipofilling

The essence of lipofilling is to transplant patient's own fat, which makes it possible to eliminate the nasolabial folds, adjust the shape of the chin and malar areas, simulate circuits and size of the lips. Lipofilling allows for tightening effect and eliminate the drawbacks such as drooping eyebrows . sagging chin . blur facial contours .

Other non-surgical methods include: injection Botulinum Toxin   or dermal fillers, autologous fat transplantation . chemical peels   and others. This correction of age changes a person does not give permanent effect, and after a while these procedures should be repeated.

Nutritional care in cardiovascular diseases

September 15, 2011

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For a long time scientists proved the existence of direct relationship between what and how a person eats and his disease. 15 was developed by nutritionists dietary table on which is chosen individually diet Depending on the disease. Exactly cardiovascular diseases   ranks first in terms of mortality. Diseases such as coronary artery disease . heart disease . arterial hypertension . strokes . myocardial infarction . atherosclerosis , and phlebeurysm   should be treated continuously and comprehensively. Proper nutrition enhances the effectiveness of drugs, and can extend the life of patients. In addition, proper nutrition is the prevention of heart and vascular disease, especially if you have risk factors. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease include heredity, smoking, poor diet, excessive alcohol consumption, age (after 40 years), high blood pressure, diabetes , Obesity, stress and a sedentary lifestyle.

Diet therapy for cardiovascular diseases is aimed at correction of metabolic disorders, cardiac unloading operations, as well as strengthening of drugs. In the appointment of clinical nutrition and take into account the stage of the disease, the condition of the digestive system, as well as the presence of comorbidities.

The main principle of the diet in such diseases is split meals with frequent meals, restriction of liquids and diet sodium salts , While enriching the diet with vitamins and potassium salts .

Diet №10, as the staple diet in cardiovascular diseases

When assigning diet therapy of cardiovascular diseases, diet used №10, 10a, 10c, 10I. In complex cases, it can be used and specialized diet, such as Potassium . giponatrievaya . fruit and vegetable   and others.

In diseases of the cardiovascular system, atherosclerosis, rheumatism , Heart disease, hypertension, as well as post-myocardial infarction is assigned diet №10. This diet promotes early restoration of disturbed blood circulation, improves metabolism, and is also conducive to the rapid excretion of metabolic products and stimulate the kidneys and liver.

Diet consumption is characterized by the restriction of salt (5 mg), crude fiber and a liquid (1, 5 L) and the increase in receive products containing calcium salts. It dried apricots, dates, prunes, grapes, bananas, baked potatoes, broccoli, citrus and cabbage. As well as foods that contain magnesium salts buckwheat, oatmeal, bran, nuts. The main objective pursued by diet №10, is to reduce the load on the heart during digestion.

Principles of nutrition in a diet №10:

• diet should be as varied;
• limit foods that are a source of fiber;
• an increase in the diet of foods that contribute to the normalization of lipid metabolism;
• increase in products containing alkaline compounds (milk, cabbage, carrots, apples, lemons);
• increase content   vitamins   (groups A, B, PP, E, retinol, ascorbic acid), micro- and macrocells in the diet (potassium, calcium and phosphorus);
• frequent meals 5-6 times a day in small portions.

Diet №10 full, giponatrievaya, but the nutrient content in it decreased as substances that excite nervous system (strong coffee, tea, soups) total calorie - up to 2800 kcal. Food boiled, baked or steamed.

What can I eat in diseases of the blood vessels and heart

In cardiovascular diseases, nutritionists recommend eating the following foods:

• wheat bread, bran, slightly over dried, crumbs of white and brown bread, biscuits nesdobnye;
• vegetables, dairy and large soup with potatoes without salt, beetroot (for half servings - 250 g);
• lean meat (rabbit, veal, lean beef), poultry (chicken, turkey), fish (perch, carp, cod, bream). Meat and fish dishes are used in cooked or baked form, as a filler of boiled meat;
• vegetable oil and butter - as additives in ready meals, butter - no more than 10 grams per day;
• boiled, baked and raw vegetables, cereals, cooked in water and milk, and pasta as a side dish;
• as appetizers you can prepare salads, vinaigrettes, salads, seafood with vegetable oil;
• potatoes and cabbage - is limited;
• dairy products recommended kefir, yogurt, cottage cheese, acidophilus; sour cream and cream - in the food;
• no more than 1-2 eggs a day both add to main courses or as steam omelet;
• any raw and baked fruits, berries, and dried fruit, dried apricots, prunes, raisins;
• drinks - weak coffee with milk, black and green tea, fruit juices and fruit, jelly, jelly.

What you can not have, according to the diet №10

In diseases of the cardiovascular system is necessary to limit the consumption of salt and fluids (up to 5 cups a day), as well animal fats . Diet therapy for cardiovascular diseases not recommended to use in the diet of meat and mushroom soups, broths, roasted meat and fish, eggs, fatty meats and beans. From the diet also excludes products that contain a lot of cholesterol - the liver, brain, kidneys, as well as any acute and fatty foods, meats, sausages, mushrooms, pastries, chocolates, pastries, spices, spicy seasonings. From vegetables is not recommended to eat onions, garlic, radishes and sorrel. As for drinks, you can not drink strong coffee, cocoa, tea, carbonated drinks.

Sample menu for the day, according to the diet №10

Breakfast (8 am)   - Cottage cheese with sour cream, cream of wheat or rice porridge with milk, bread with butter, tea with milk.

Lunch (13 hours)   - Vegetable soup frayed, steam meatballs in a white sauce, crumbly rice porridge, baked apples or barley soup with vegetables, boiled meat with carrot puree, tea.

Tea time (16 hours)   - Omelets and apple-carrot puree, infusion of rose hips.

Dinner (19 hours)   - Cottage cheese casserole of buckwheat, vegetable cutlets with prunes, pudding or cheesecake, potatoes with boiled fish, jelly.

Late dinner (22 hours)   - A glass of curdled milk or fruit juice, cake.

Other diet in cardiovascular diseases

Diet №10a   It is indicated for cardiovascular disease with severe disorders of blood circulation. Total calorie diet - 2,000 calories, reduced intake of protein, carbohydrates, fats, fluids and fiber. Table salt is eliminated completely. The menu consists of vegetarian soups, meat and fish dishes steam, steamed, pureed vegetables, yogurt and low-fat cottage cheese. From diet completely excluded salty, fried and fatty meals, meats, mushrooms.

The basis of nutrition in diet Carell   put power dosed skim milk with a gradual increase in its amount (up to 2 liters per day). However, due to the inferiority of diet, a diet that later changes.

Academic MI Pevzner   It was offered fruit and vegetable diet for people with hypertensive disease Having overweight. This diet has a low energy value, limiting sodium intake, fluid at an increased potassium intake. Recommended any vegetables, fruits, and dishes of them - vinaigrettes, salads, purees, juices, compotes.

Circulatory failure, hypertension and edema applicable potassium diet In which the energy value of the diet gradually increased sharply limited sodium intake, salt - is excluded. The diet enriched in potassium. The food taken 6 times a day, are excluded from the diet of the same products as in the diet №10, and recommended, in addition to diet №10, and foods rich in potassium - dried fruits, apples, bananas, cabbage, rose, potatoes.

Rice-diet Compote   ( Kempner ) - One of the varieties potassium diet. Its feature is the sharp decrease in the content of protein and fat in the diet, as well as sodium. As part of this diet - rice porridge, cooked without salt and compote. Rice porridge - 2 times a day, compote - 6 cups a day. Because of inferiority, this diet can be used for no longer than 3-4 days.

Circulatory failure, against atherosclerosis and hypertension, appointed Diet Yarotsky . In its structure - a fresh low-fat cottage cheese and sour cream. It has a pronounced diuretic effect, and lipotropic effects.

Magnesium diet   helps reduce blood pressure, blood cholesterol, increased urination, and anti-inflammatory effect. It is based on a diet diet №10 with the content in it foods rich in magnesium. Basically it is the oat groats, millet, buckwheat and vegetables, herbs, beans, nuts.

In symptomatic hypertension and hypertension, atherosclerotic vascular applicable giponatrievaya diet Which improves the kidneys, lowering blood pressure and the excitability of the central nervous system. In giponatrievoy diet reduced the amount of refined carbohydrates, limited content of salt and fluid, and increased amounts of vitamins and cell membranes. Allowed vegeratianskie and vegetable soups, vegetables, boiled and baked, lean meat and fish, cereals and pasta, dairy products, fruit.

Also in diseases of the heart and blood vessels can be 1-2 times a week to carry out fasting days . For example, it may be apple discharge day when daily consumed 1, 5 kg of roasted and raw apple, cucumber (at day - 1, 5 kg of fresh cucumber without salt), or lettuce, when the day 5 time taken by 300 g of salad vegetables or fruit, no salt, with cream or oil.

Features of the power at various kinds of cardiovascular diseases

Atherosclerosis   - A chronic disease that affects the arteries. In arterial walls penetrate various fat-like substances ( cholesterol ), Which leads to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, which is gradually increasing, it narrows the artery, obstructing blood flow. Development of the disease contribute to high cholesterol levels in the blood due to poor nutrition, smoking, hypertension. Typically developing atherosclerosis at a young age, and does not manifest itself. Vessels gradually lose their elasticity, promote plaque luminal narrowing, resulting in tissue and organs do not receive sufficient nutrients and oxygen. This may lead to complications - stroke, myocardial infarction, and others. Unfortunately, the disease is very common, and the first heart attack ends in death in one third of cases.

To prevent the development of atherosclerosis need to eat right, reduce the consumption of foods rich in cholesterol and animal fats, alcohol. Dieting in cardiovascular diseases will delay the progression of the disease, normalize blood cholesterol levels. Thanks to your diet vessels longer be "clean" and healthy.

If you suffer from atherosclerosis, your food should be varied. Instead of meat, choose poultry, fish and legumes. Portions of lean meat and poultry should not exceed 100 grams. in finished form. It is necessary to exclude from the diet of meats, bacon, hot dogs, sausages, chips, hamburgers. When cooking using any vegetable oil (up to 2 tablespoons per day). Limit consumption of liver, brain, as well as confectionery, ice cream. Cook food boiled and baked form, for a couple. You can add some salt while eating.

Atherosclerosis is recommended:

• cereals and bread from wheat flour;
• dairy products with low fat - 1% yogurt, cottage cheese, unsweetened yogurt;
• fruits and vegetables - at least 400 grams per day, can be in salads with the addition of vegetable oil;
• seafood rich in iodine;
• dried fruits, walnuts, almonds;
• From drinks recommended green tea, fruit drinks, juices.

Coronary artery disease   - A disease caused by a decrease in blood supply to the heart muscle. This disease comprises myocardial infarction, angina , Heart failure. The main cause of the disease is atherosclerosis. Diet for coronary heart disease is aimed at the prevention of atherosclerosis. If the disease is accompanied by dyspnea and edema, then the diet is almost completely eliminate the salt and fluid intake is limited to 800 ml per day.

Patients myocardial infarction When there is a portion of muscle necrosis grid heart, which is due to circulatory disorders, nutritional therapy helps to restore heart function. Also, a proper diet prevents the development of complications such as arrhythmias and increase the dead portion of the heart muscle. Diet is aimed at stabilization of the intestine, normalize the metabolism and prevent blood clots. After an attack of the disease, patients appetite reduced, and the attending physician prescribes power, depending on the patient. From diet excludes salt, restricted fluid intake, food is divided into 8 stages. All the food is cooked appointed, warm and liquid form. When the patient's condition improves, it is assigned a diet №10, also can be attributed to diet Yarotsky.

The main feature hypertension   It is to increase blood pressure. It is a very common disease, it affects more than 50% of people over 65 years. Patients with hypertension diet appointed №10 restricted salt intake, liquid (1, 1 liter per day), food containing animal fats and increased intake of foods containing potassium, magnesium salts. Power in cardiovascular diseases should be a full and varied, but not nutritious. The food is taken in small portions every 2-3 hours.

Diseases of the cardiovascular system are very common, and most often are the causes of disability and death, so it is much better to prevent their development by adhering to proper nutrition.

Phimosis

March 9, 2012

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Phimosis - It is characteristic for men state in which it is impossible to expose the glans penis. This condition can be a normal, that is, physiological , And that abnormal - pathological . Also phimosis in boys are divided into congenital   and acquired .

The most commonly in men diagnosed congenital phimosis. At birth, boys physiological phimosis, that is, the inability to offset the foreskin completely and expose the glans penis, occurs in 96% of cases. Only four per cent of boys are born with a foreskin, mobile to such an extent that the head of the penis is opened fully. Gradually, the situation is equalized, and by six months in twenty percent of the boys head of the penis can be opened. At the age of three have 90% of phimosis disappears, and by about the age of six, this condition resolves on its own in almost all children.

Somewhat different is the situation with acquired phimosis, or a situation where the foreskin has lost elasticity due to illness and injury.

Symptoms of phimosis

Phimosis in boys expressed the main symptom - the inability to expose and bring the head of the penis. In some cases, this condition does not cause complaints from the boys, but often children with phimosis have problems with urination. So, in the process of urinating boy can greatly push to exercise a significant concern. As a result, the child falls into the urine preputial cavity . It swells, and passes urine drops or a thin stream through the narrow opening.

Sometimes phimosis joins inflammation, whose symptoms are pain in the glans and foreskin, purulent discharge from the opening of the foreskin. The patient increases The lymph nodes Growing body temperature. If there is a paraphimosis In disadvantaged head of the penis appear sharp pain, head of the penis to become more and expressed turn blue. In this case, the patient must provide emergency care.

If phimosis in adult males sometimes have problems with complaints potency Arising as a psychological discomfort due to pain during sexual intercourse.

Reasons for phimosis

Phimosis may occur as a result of injuries of the penis and the subsequent formation of scar tissue. As a result, the foreskin is narrowed, and the man manifests cicatricial phimosis . The cause of acquired phimosis may also be inflammation of the foreskin of the penis ( balanoposthitis ). As a result of this disease are also formed scars, and the patient is shown phimosis. Sometimes the cause of phimosis is a genetic disposition to the emergence of phimosis as a consequence of the insufficient number of the elastic component of the connective tissue in the human body

Classification of phimosis

Currently, it decided to allocate four degrees of phimosis. With first-degree   open the head of the penis can be extremely quiescent. If you try to strip the head of the penis during erection, the person will feel pain, also make it difficult.

With second degree   disease head resting display is difficult, and during erection head member does not open. To third degree the disease is characterized by the inability to open the head of the penis, or it is only partially open in the quiescent state. The fourth degree   phimosis - the most severe: in this case the head of the penis do not open, which greatly complicates the process of urination. Urine is a person stands or drops very thin stream.

In addition to the steps described also stands Relative phimosis . In this state, a marked narrowing of the foreskin becomes exclusively during erection.

For phimosis first and second degree is characterized by the manifestation of pain, which mostly occur in the process of erection when pulling the foreskin on the glans penis. When phimosis third and fourth degree of pain, there is usually no, because the size of the preputial ring negligible and, therefore, not possible to expose the penis.

In patients with phimosis even with a relatively small constriction foreskin after the start of active sexual life condition can worsen and after some time lead to the fact that the head of the penis can not be opened at all. The fact is that in the process of sexual intercourse or masturbation injured mucosa, and formed mikronadryvy. In place of tears eventually formed small scars, which ultimately makes the fabric resistant to stretching, and phimosis is enhanced.

Complications phimosis

If the patient has a place marked phimosis, he can stagnate smegma - Fat-like secret that distinguish cancer foreskin. This becomes liquid nutrient medium in which various bacteria breed. As a result, as a result of such a situation develops inflammation. Even unspoken phimosis is a prerequisite for the accumulation of smegma and as a result, the problems of hygienic nature of manifestation.

Patients fourth degree of phimosis the foreskin is narrowed as much as possible, and there are obstacles to the normal flow of urine. As there is a narrowing of the external manifestations of swelling of the foreskin and the penetration of urine drop by drop. In this case, it generates a residual major disruptions in urinary outflow mechanism, and as a consequence, the patient may develop complications infectious nature of the urethra.

Another complication that occurs in patients with phimosis - paraphimosis . For such a condition characterized by impairment of the glans constricted foreskin. Paraphimosis may occur if a person tries to expose the head of the penis during sexual intercourse or masturbation. Because of this infringement begins swelling of the glans penis, leading to the fact that after some time to straighten her back is impossible. There is a blue head, it becomes very painful. Therefore, when paraphimosis must be an emergency intervention specialists. In some cases, using a simple, manually reposition the head. However, if the swelling is strongly expressed, the patient should carry out the operation, during which the foreskin is cut or excised her sheets.

Also, due to injuries foreskin phimosis patients may develop inflammatory complications. Injuries and accumulation of smegma in prepuce lead to the manifestation balanoposthitis   (inflammation of the glans and foreskin of the penis). This state is characterized by the manifestation of pain and itching around the penis head. In patients with phimosis third or fourth stage of the foreskin may adhere to the head of the penis. As a result of close contact occurs epithelial bonding head and the inner layer of the foreskin. Thus, manifested seam ( adhesions ). Depending on how long the seam there, strengthens the bond head and foreskin. To treat such a state can only be surgically.

Among the complications of phimosis most severe consequence is penile cancer . The reason for this phenomenon is considered a long stagnation of smegma in the prepuce. It is proved that the majority of people suffering from cancer of the penis, had a congenital phimosis.

Diagnosis of phimosis

Diagnosis is based on patient complaints. To establish a diagnosis, examination of the patient has to spend a surgeon or urologist. First patient survey carried out, during which the specialist determines whether there is a primary symptom - lack of opportunity to withdraw the head of the penis. As an auxiliary method of conducting interviews with the patient to determine the characteristics of the disease.

Treatment of phimosis

To treat phimosis can be different methods. Nemedikmentoznaya therapy involves gradually stretching the foreskin manually. Pulls the foreskin on the penis for five to ten minutes, doctors recommend every day. Application of stretching the foreskin, according to experts, gives an efficiency of about 75%. To conduct such procedures are best while taking a bath, because then the skin becomes more elastic. Note that the delay foreskin is necessary before the first pain, in any case, not continuing to do this procedure with the pain.

If the foreskin is sufficiently elastic and there is no scarring, sometimes the method of stretching the foreskin. This procedure is performed using local anesthesia. Also, as the surgical technique is sometimes used plastic surgery of the foreskin in order to increase the diameter preputial rings without applying the circumcision.

Drug therapy involves the treatment of disease by applying to the head of the penis and foreskin corticosteroid ointments . Such procedures should be done regularly and for a long time. Under the influence of ointments tissue elasticity of the foreskin becomes higher, so it is better to stretch. Thus, phimosis can be cured. Also, the use of glucocorticoids helps relieve inflammation and swelling, stimulates healing of microcracks.

Surgical treatment of phimosis apply now for the treatment of phimosis third or fourth degree. This method is appropriate only if all the above methods do not produce the desired result. Phimosis in boys surgically treated, making the separation of adhesions prepuce using a metal probe and gauze cotton swab.

If the foreskin there are scars in the process of producing their excision surgery. The use of surgical methods are effective at 99-100% Referring rule, surgery is performed with local anesthesia, general anesthesia is possible only at the request of the patient. Surgeons are two types of phimosis: hypertrophic With elongated and hypertrophied foreskin and atrophic When the foreskin has a very thin skin covering the head of the penis much. Both forms of phimosis can be cured with the help of different types of operations. Thus, surgery is possible, in which three longitudinal incision is made and the cross-linking. Another type of operation - a circular circumcision. In this case, the foreskin is removed, and the appearance of phimosis becomes impossible. Note, however, that in such surgical interventions are possible complications, as with any other operations.

Prevention of phimosis

As a precaution phimosis is necessary to adhere to the rules of hygiene of the penis. In this case, it is important to not less than two times a day to displace the skin of the foreskin and wash the head of the penis clean water. Not less important hygiene for prevention of phimosis in newborn boys. In order to prevent inflammation of the glans penis, it is recommended to bathe the child in herbal teas using herbs with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. For this purpose, suitable broth chamomile, calendula, series. As a folk remedy for adult men who have some problems with pulling back the foreskin, recommended local bath, dropping twenty minutes the penis in a decoction of herbs and at the same time pulling the foreskin.

Treatment of sore throat in children

April 2, 2012

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Angina   - An acute infectious disease of the nature in which the child affects the tonsils of the pharynx. There are several varieties of this disease: angina happens Bluetongue . follicular . lacunar . Fungus . diphtheria .

With natal angina   the patient is a relatively low temperature, the child feels sick and sluggish, complaining of feeling pain during swallowing. At catarrhal angina noted a small inflammation and therefore pain lymph nodes. As a rule, the treatment of angina catarrhal form of the use of antibiotics is not practiced.

With   follicular angina   and lacunar   there is pain, and difficulty in swallowing. In addition, the child will suffer from fever, he had a headache, and the temperature increases significantly. Lymph nodes are increased, there is a feeling of general weakness, his present symptoms of intoxication, pain in the back and joints.

If a child is sick follicular angina , His tonsils immediately turn red and are increasing, they are shown round the point of off-white shade. White occurs when plaque lacunar form of the disease. When the two forms of angina child compulsorily appoint welcome antibiotics . With the right treatment regimen with drugs such inflammation is reduced after a few days. Such forms of angina should always be treated in compliance with bed rest, otherwise the risk of complications.

Fungal angina   It is caused by exposure to the causative agent - the yeast. This form of the disease frequently develops as a consequence of too long and wrong antibiotic treatment. All the symptoms are similar to symptoms of angina lacunar form.

Another type of disease - diphtheria angina Which is considered the most dangerous form of the disease. In this case, the causative agent - diphtheria bacillus . There appear sick child asthma Therefore the patient must be constantly monitored by experts.

By assigning the treatment of angina, the doctor must take into account what kind of form it takes place and adjusts the complex therapy.

Treatment of angina

First of all, parents must understand that angina is a serious disease and its treatment in any case can not be practiced at home, without prior examination of the child and the appointment of a doctor of the drugs. Before treatment begins immediately tonsillitis in children, it is necessary to make a diagnosis, to pass a series of tests. If you suspect that the child has a sore throat swabs taken from the mouth and nose, held urine and blood samples. It is important to exclude other infectious diseases.

When appropriate forms of angina child is assigned to antibiotics, as the absence of such therapy can be dangerous in terms of the occurrence of later complications. For a sore throat can cause disruption of the heart, liver and kidneys. Most physicians prescribe antibiotics to children in the form of tablets, which do not have an unpleasant taste and thus the child is easy to make such formulations.

Antibiotics doctor performs, guided, the severity of the disease. Basically, the treatment of angina takes antibiotics for five to seven days. If the form of the disease is very severe, the antibiotics sometimes last longer. Usually, on the third day the temperature of the child is normalized, and overall health of the patient becomes better. However, in the treatment of sore throats in children with antibiotics should be noted that the use of these drugs significantly violates the microflora in the body of the child. Therefore, in parallel with antibiotics physician typically assigns reception drugs that restore flora. To prevent allergic reactions in the general treatment of angina, and includes administration of drugs Suprastin . Tavegil   and etc.

Generally, tonsillitis in children accompanied by a runny nose, so to facilitate the child's condition must be assigned as nose drops, spray irrigation throat.

It is important to ensure that a child who is sick with angina, a large number of drinking. It is desirable that the baby drink warm and sour juices, fruit drinks, teas. In this case, ideal cranberry and cranberry juice, cranberry concoctions, wild rose, black currant compote. No less useful and fresh juice from fruits and vegetables, as in angina body needs vitamin replenishment stock. But the most appropriate drink for sore throat is sour, sparse jelly of different berries. The child will be helpful and warm milk with the addition of baking soda, oil, and mineral water, natural broth of fish, cape and vegetables. By the way, from the food in the acute phase of illness the children, usually refuse to eat at all or very little. Doctors do not advise to force children to eat at this time - it is best to limit drinking copious.

In addition, the first, most difficult days of the treatment of sore throats in children, it is desirable to provide a sick child the possibility of bed rest. The most difficult to achieve, if the child grows restless active. Yet, playing with him in bed and reading his book, parents will be able to achieve the desired and accelerate the healing process.

Treatment of angina folk remedies

There are also many treatments for angina folk remedies that can be used as additional ways to get rid of an unpleasant illness. For the treatment of sore throats in children can be used propolis Which is very effective even for the treatment of purulent tonsillitis. Apply propolis can use different methods.

Thus, suitable tincture of propolis, allows you to use propolis liquid. In this case, using the tincture can lubricate the affected area of ​​the throat. Perhaps such a procedure is not like a child, because propolis may burn a little. However, treatment of angina at home will be very effective and will help to quickly get rid of a sore throat. To make infusion of propolis should be mixed with 100 g of the alcohol 20 g of propolis, which is necessary before carefully crushed. For high-quality milling tools can be pre-frozen, and in such a crush with a hammer. Tincture to prepare for two weeks, at the same time it should be kept in a dark place.

Another method of treating angina using propolis - normal mastication agents. After a meal you need to chew propolis (enough to take around 2 g). The procedure must be repeated three times a day, and if the quality propolis and real, something in your mouth it will be a little burn. If such a feeling is not present, the effect of the treatment will be.

For the treatment of angina at home fit and treated with lemon. To this end, it is preparing the juice of three large lemons. It should be drinking every evening over a glass of fresh juice for three days. This tool helps to speed up the healing process.

Often the treatment of sore throats in children used ordinary iodine . With the help of iodine can provide effective treatment of purulent tonsillitis, chronic form of the disease. To do this, use a cotton swab to smear simply swollen glands   iodine.

Inhalation   - Another commonly used home remedy for the treatment of sore throats in children. This process is suitable basin filled with liquid for inhalation, and a towel, which should be covered for a while the child's head inclined over the basin. During inhalation, inspiratory need to hold your breath a few seconds. Inhalation suitable decoctions of chamomile, sage. It is also possible to add a few drops of hot water infusion of propolis. It is important that the liquid for inhalation was hot. After a few sessions, the child feels better.

Another folk remedy for sore throat angina - an infusion of elecampane. To prepare this infusion you need to take 50 grams of the roots of elecampane, pour half a liter of vodka and infuse for three days. Field of how the infusion is ready, pour half a teaspoon in the neck so that the liquid covered both tonsils. It can be a little cough to soak infusion. It is highly desirable not to speak after the procedure. Such action must be repeated several times a day.

Fresh onion juice with angina take one teaspoon several times a day. You can also prepare a paste of onions, apples and honey and take it to 3 teaspoons several times a day.

Treatment of angina via gargling

In addition, angina shown regular gargling with various means. It is believed that the process of gargling available for the child since the age of two. Of course, to teach the baby to gargle, to apply certain tricks, such as gargling with him, to turn the process into an entertaining game, etc. It is also in the process required to praise your child for a successful fulfillment of this action.

Gargling with angina can be done as often as it is available to the child. The most common solutions for gargling, which are used to treat a sore throat at home, it decoctions herbs (sage suits, eucalyptus, chamomile), not strong solution Potassium permanganate . hydrogen peroxide . furatsilina . Furthermore, for gargling recommended broth onion skin (three teaspoons per half a liter of water), extract of garlic (100 g of crushed garlic press five hours per 100 ml of water at room temperature). Beet juice is also suitable for gargling child, it needs to grate the beets on a grater and squeeze the juice, which is added one tablespoon of vinegar. In addition, an excellent remedy for gargling is a juice or infusion of plantain, kalanchoe juice diluted in half with water. Kids just love gargling with lukewarm water and honey. In addition, all of these solutions and herbal teas are not dangerous if a child accidentally swallows a little
rinse the throat.

Treatment of angina using compresses

Compresses   not only help to alleviate the condition, but also effectively relieve pain more quickly overcome the other symptoms of angina. There are many popular recipes for making compresses. So, with severe pain in the throat are advised to make a poultice of crackers and garlic. Crackers need to pour boiling water and add a head of garlic pounded. After the biscuits soaked with water, the mass shift in a stocking, pre-draining water. Filled stockings applied to the throat and hold until such time as the pain will pass. A few of these packs angina completely recedes.

It is also recommended to use a compress for the ashes from the stove. You can use the previous recipe, replacing the ash crackers. Such compresses relieve pain very quickly.

By the throat of the child can be put cabbage leaves, which should be replaced with new sheets every two hours. On top of the throat need to tie woolen scarf. To enhance the effect, applied to the throat of gruel Cabbage leaves.

Norbaktin

Description overdue on 04/08/2014

• Latin name: Norbactin
• ATC code: J01MA06
• Active substance: Norfloxacin (Norfloxacinum)
• Manufacturer: Ranbaxy (India)

Photos of the drug

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• Composition
• Product form
• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
• Indications Norbaktina
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Instructions for use Norbaktina
• Overdose
• Cooperation
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Analogs
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

Composition

The main active ingredient of the drug - norfloxacin .

Supporting components Norbaktina following: MCC . sodium lauryl . colloidal silicon dioxide . Purified talc . Croscarmellose sodium . corn starch . magnesium stearate .

Valium Purified talc, purified water, macrogol 400 and titanium dioxide.

Product form

The drug is available in tablets.

Pharmacological action

The antibacterial agent. It has a wide range of actions.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Once in the body, the drug effect on the bacterial enzyme DNA gyrase. The bactericidal effect is quite fast. Development plazmidooposredovannoy resistance   minimal.

The drug affects the majority of aerobic gram-negative microorganisms, as well as some gram-positive. This potent antipseudomonal means .

The drug is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. However, it should not be taken with meals, as it reduces its effectiveness. For a better assimilation it is necessary to use an empty stomach.

The maximum concentration of the drug - 1-2 hours after ingestion. Protein binding - 14%. It is widely distributed in tissues, but does not penetrate into the bone and central nervous system. Bioavailability - about 40%, half-life - 3, 5-6, 5 hours, but the high concentrations found in tissues and longer.

The drug is partially processed in the liver. In a certain amount excreted in the bile, but mainly with urine and feces.

Indications Norbaktina

It is used when Norbaktin cystitis . pyelonephritis . urethritis As well as bacterial infections gastrointestinal, genital organs and uncomplicated gonorrhea :

• prostatitis ;
• endometritis ;
• cervicitis ;
• salmonellosis ;
• shigellosis .

Indications Norbaktina also provide for its use by patients with granulocytopenia   and travelers' diarrhea   as a preventive measure.

Contraindications

The drug should not be taken for those who have observed hypersensitivity to its components, as well as in patients with severe   renal failure   and pregnant .

Side effects

Norbaktin usually well tolerated. sleepiness   and appearance headache . allergic reactions .

Instructions for use Norbaktina

If the patient is assigned Norbaktin, instructions for use provide different dosages that depend on what the tablet is used.

• urinary tract infections  
• repetitive or chronic infections of the urinary tract   Peaking - for a month, and then, if necessary, used 400 mg per day up to 12 weeks;
• chemoprophylaxis   before and after urological surgery;
• intestinal infections   - Within 5 days;
• acute uncomplicated cystitis   - For 3 days.

400 mg once a day is prescribed, if the indications for use Norbaktina following:

• prevention traveler's diarrhea ;
• renal failure .

In acute uncomplicated gonococcal infection   Instructions for use Norbaktina includes receiving 800 mg once daily.

Overdose

dizziness . vomiting . cold sweat . nausea . drowsiness And puffy face without major changes hemodynamic .

As the treatment prescribed gastric lavage and adequate   with uprated   diuresis . In addition, it is necessary inspection and maintenance in a hospital under the supervision of specialists in a few days.

Cooperation

Assimilation difficult to use Norbaktina antacids Which contain aluminum and magnesium, and iron preparations, sucralfate and zinc. Between their application shall be not less than 4 hours.

In addition, the tool reduces theophylline clearance   and the effect of nitrofurans And increases the content of indirect anticoagulants   and cyclosporine   in serum.

The drug should be taken with caution in conjunction with means that reduce the seizure threshold, otherwise it may cause epileptiform seizures .

Simultaneous reception Norbaktina and means of reducing Blood pressure It may cause an abrupt reduction. So, heart rate and ECG readings should be clearly monitored.

Terms of sale

Tool available on medical prescription.

Storage conditions

The drug should be stored in a dry place at temperatures no higher than 25 ° C.

Shelf life

Norbaktin should be stored no longer than three years.

Analogs Norbaktina

Match code ATC 4th level:

• Floratsid
• Glewe
• Avelox
• Fleksid
• Levolet P
• Tsiprinol
• Ofloksin
• 
• Tavanic
• Nolitsin
• Ofloxacin

Pharmacies can get these analogues Norbaktina:

• ;
• Norfloxacin ;
• Normaks .

Their value can be different. The cheapest means considered Norfloxacin . Price Norbaktina but also very affordable.

Reviews Norbaktine

Numerous reviews of Norbaktine indicate that the drug in most cases turns out to be truly effective. On the forums, many ask, is an antibiotic or not, as some contraindicated receiving such funds. However, those who have already tried the drug, noted his performance.

Side effects Norbaktine reviews about almost not reported. There is information about the appearance of a minor Heartburn   and other problems with the digestive tract, but the symptoms pass quickly at lower dosages. Reviews of doctors on the tool as mostly positive.

Price Norbaktina

Price Norbaktina is about 90 rubles. This is an inexpensive and affordable, which, according to reviews, is quite effective.

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