Anal itching

September 4, 2013

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Itching anus   It can be both a symptom indicating the development of a particular disease or disease-specific. With this pathological condition of the person concerned about the severe itching around the anus and in the perianal region. Sometimes women complain that there is also itching in the genital area.

What are the symptoms of anal itching?

In men, this phenomenon occurs more frequently than women. As a rule, itching around the anus worried about the elderly and middle-aged people. Itching of the anus is divided into primary and secondary . Manifestations of the secondary characteristic of anal itching Hemorrhoids . parasitic infestations . anal fissures . chronic constipation . diarrhea . lack of anal sphincter . In addition, itching around the anus sometimes occurs when inflammation genital fungal infection. In some cases this indicates the onset of a symptom of latent diabetes.

True Anal itching is divided into sharp and chronic . In the acute form of the disease begins abruptly manifested intensively and continuously. There are also changes in the skin in places where manifests itching. There are signs of wet eczema with maceration, marked hypertrophy of perianal folds. If the patient develops chronic itching in the anal area, the disease begins slowly, the skin at the site of itching is dry, sometimes it is observed depigmentation . The folds of the skin expressed little.

Why manifested anal itching?

Unless secondary anal itching   always related with diseases, which are its causes, the causes of symptoms Primary pruritus   in the anus is still not fully understood by specialists. Most often, the true anal itching begins to appear for no apparent reason. Sometimes a person reduced ability to retain the liquid in the anus, thereby constantly some part thereof falls on the perianal region, resulting in marked irritation, redness and itching of the anal orifice.

Causes of anal itching secondary form - is, first of all, anorektovaginalnye disease   - Such a widespread disease as hemorrhoids and fissures and fistula, sphincter dysfunction, genital warts, purulent hidradenitis and others. Causes itching in the anus - this dermatological disease. Itching may disturb the person when psoriasis . atopic eczema . seborrheic dermatitis   et al. Sometimes irritation in the anal area is due to the use of topical medicines, soaps, powders, creams, and others. In this case it is the contact dermatitis .

For women itching in the anal area is shown as a result of gynecological diseases - vulvovaginal . violations of vaginal secretion . Women often complain of pruritus in pregnancy. In this case, a symptom associated with severe hormonal shifts. Such manifestations can be observed when taking certain means of hormonal contraception.

Strong anal itching men and women can be a symptom of sexually transmitted diseases, as well as infection in the urogenital system. Men who suffer prostatitis Often suffer from anal itching.

In addition to these causes itching anal passage may be a consequence of a fungal or bacterial infection, parasitic infection. This symptom sometimes occurs when taking certain antibiotics ( erythromycin . tetracyclines ) And it is a symptom of systemic diseases (liver disease, diabetes ).

Factors causing the emergence of itching in the anus, and can be the wrong approach to hygiene. This is insufficient and excessive hygiene. Manifestations itching often associated with wearing improper clothes - narrow linen sewn from synthetic fabrics. Itching often manifests itself in the warm season, in obese people. Sometimes this phenomenon is related to nutrition. Itching in this area is possible if a person uses a lot spicy and salty food . coffee . alcohol . So manifests an allergic reaction to these products. Also mentioned as causes of psychogenic factors - depression or anxiety, which manifests itself over a long period.

How to get rid of anal itching?

If the patient is irritation around the anus, itching bothers more intensively, it is necessary first of all to determine the cause of this phenomenon. Diagnosis in this case is not an easy task for the doctor, so it is important to pay attention to some important points. First, you need to determine if the itch to act defecation . If you suspect a lack of anal sphincter function applies a special study - sphincterometry .

The doctor also finds out whether the patient is not exposed to harmful influences - radiation . chemicals . heat   etc. Through close contact with pets increases the chance of infection worms So it is important to find out, and that moment. During diagnostic blood test must be conducted to determine its content of sugars, as well as a stool. Next, the doctor prescribes special studies to confirm or exclude the presence of disease in the patient, which could trigger anal itching. Women should always consult with gynecologist .

Determine what kind of reason has provoked intense itching anus, the doctor prescribes treatment of the disease . If it's the worms, then appointed anthelmintic drugs when a fungal infection in patients undergoing a course of antifungal therapy. If the cause of anal itching became dysbiosis, the practice of medication, which normalizes the intestinal flora.

Regardless of what treat anal itching, it is necessary to adhere to all mandatory hygienic measures . It should refrain from scratching the skin in the anal area, bathing in the shower, eliminating long hot baths. To reduce discomfort treatment of anal itching and should be sure to include the selection of hygiene products that will not irritate the skin affected. The patient should carefully monitor the condition of the skin around the anus: it must always remain dry. If you want to apply pads , Which need to be changed regularly. To reduce the symptoms, a doctor may prescribe topical medications - cream   or ointment for anal itching .

It is equally important to eat right, to ensure regular bowel movements and normal bowel function. Spicy food should be excluded from the diet, since its use can enhance stimulation. It is necessary to abandon the uncomfortable clothing that tightens the body and prevents normal bowel habits. Underwear should be selected only from natural cotton . Another important aspect of prevention in this case - the exclusion of emotional stress and minimize stress.

Aertal

Description overdue on 04/17/2014

• Latin name: Airtal
• ATC code: M01AB16
• Active substance: Atseklofenak
• Manufacturer: Gedeon Richter of Hungary; Almiral AG, Switzerland

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• Composition
• Product form
• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
• Indications Aertala
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Instructions for use Aertala (method and dosage)
• Overdose
• Cooperation
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Cautions
• Analogs
• During pregnancy (and lactation)
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

Composition

Powder Aertal   It contains 0, 1 g atseklofenaka   in a sachet + adjuvants ( sorbitol, aspartame, titanium dioxide, hypromellose, flavoring ).

Pills 0, 1 g of active substance per tablet auxiliaries + (glycerol distearate, povidone, microcrystalline cellulose, hypromellose, E171, macrogol stearate ).

Ointment Aertal : 1, 5 g of active substance in 100 g of ointment + adjuvants ( liquid paraffin, water, methyl and propyl parahydroxybenzoate, emulsifying wax ).

Product form

The drug release in the form:

• powder   to prepare a slurry. Sachets of 3 grams per pack - 20 bags;
• Airtal 100 mg pills   with a film cover, in packs of 20 and 60 units;
• cream   uniform consistency, white in the white tube weight - 60 grams.

Pharmacological action

The anti-inflammatory agent. Not steroid .

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Active substance atseklofenak It reduces activity and intensity synthesis   prostaglandins   and prostacyclin That give rise to inflammation. This is due to the property to inhibit an enzyme atseklofenaka cyclooxygenase .

The tool reduces inflammation, analgesic, reduces swelling and edema (when rheumatism ). It has antipyretic action.

Ointment has a local analgesic effect . After application slowly distributed throughout the body. For oral use, in the blood is associated with an active albumin We reach a maximum concentration at 2, 5-3 hours after administration. Metabolised   poorly excreted from the body within 4 hours after ex gastrointestinal tract and kidneys.

Indications Aertala

Pills From what they are?

• toothache at rheumatoid arthritis   and osteoarthritis ;
• indication for the use of tablets are rheumatic diseases   soft tissue;
• lumbago ;
• parasynovitis ;
• Tablets prescribed to Aertal pain relief   and reduce inflammation in the above diseases.

Medicament in the form of ointment   used for local effects:

• at   sprains, bruises and sprains ;
• treatment torticollis   and myositis ;
• tendonitis, tenosynovitis, and periarthritis ;
• lumbago .

Contraindications

Tablet form   and powder :

• gastric ulcer   and sharpened gastritis ;
• drug allergy   to the active substance;
• violation blood clotting ;
• liver and kidney disease in the acute phase;
• heart failure   and a state after coronary artery bypass grafting ;
• age 18 years or pregnancy .

To cream   contraindication is:

Violating the integrity of the skin at the site of the skin and allergic ( hives ). In the above cases, a drug in an ointment used with caution.

Side effects

• nausea, vomiting, ulcerative lesions of the stomach, loss of appetite, liquid or solid stool abnormalities in liver function ;
• emotional instability, headaches, tremors, excessive irritability, problems with hearing and vision;
• kidney problems, edema;
• a malfunction of the heart muscle, arrhythmia, high blood pressure ;
• from yp on the skin, urticaria, angioedema, anaphylactic shock .

In rare cases, the application of a cream Aertal having photosensitivity reactions on the skin.

Instructions for use Aertala (method and dosage)

Instructions for use tablets :

Orally, during meals. Wash down with copious amounts of fluid. Take 100 mg in the morning and 100 mg in the evening. In renal and liver failure, elderly patients taking the drug is carried out under the supervision of a physician.

Assign 1 for the preparation of the powder suspensions   Two times a day. When receiving the drug in liquid form, the therapeutic effect is faster, easier to adjust the dose. Some patients are more receptive to liquid form preparations and consider it safer than pills and injections.

Ointment   used externally. One pea cream (2 g) in 6 cm2 rubbing surface 3 times a day.

Overdose

In case of overdose there is a significant increase in side effects. Treatment: produce gastric lavage Take Activated carbon   or any other enterosorbent , Remove undesirable symptoms.

Cooperation

With combined with caution aspirin, digoxin, oral contraceptives, drugs lithium and potassium, corticosteroids, methotrexate, cyclosporine and anticoagulation .

The therapeutic effect of diuretics   and antihypertensive agents   decreases.

In the presence of Diabetes , To closely monitor the hypoglycemic index .

Terms of sale

It requires a prescription.

Storage conditions

The cool, dark place (15 to 25 degrees). Keep out of the reach of children.

Shelf life

Aertal tablets and powder - 4 years.

Ointment - 2 years.

Cautions

Due to the side effects of the drug may affect your concentration, so caution should be exercised in the management mechanisms.

Analogs Aertala

Match code ATC 4th level:

• Naklofen Duo
• Olfen 100
• Olfen-75
• Neurodiclovit
• Nayzilat
• Fanigan
• Indomethacin
• Ortofen
• Voltaren
• Dikloberl
• Ketanov

Tablet form: aktinak 100 tronak, Asefi, zerodol, diklotol.

Ointments and creams: diclofenac, indomethacin, ketorolac, etodolac .

Price analogues typically slightly lower.

During pregnancy and lactation

Do not appoint.

Reviews Aertale

Feedback in the ointment : Messages on the admission of the drug in the form of a little cream. Ointment cope with the elimination of unpleasant symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis   and various injuries of the joints. However, the drug is not popular.

Reviews of doctors per pill : The preparation is efficient and effective only in the long admission rates (at least 14 days). The large number of side effects (especially on the part of the digestive tract) to reduce forces a single dose. This reduces the efficiency and drug. Recommended parallel supplementation to maintain normal functioning of the stomach, for example, omezosoderzhaschie medication.

Price Aertala where to buy

Price Aertal tablets in Ukraine is about $ 200 USD for 60 pieces of 100 ml. The same amount of the drug in Kharkov will cost 180 UAH.

The powder form of the drug will cost 100 USD for 20 packs of 100 mg. In retail, Aertal sachets sold at 4 USD per share.

The price of the ointment in Ukraine, the average is 52 UAH. Buy Cream in pharmacies Kharkov can be for - 60 UAH.

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Normase

Description overdue on 07/22/2014

• Latin name: Normase
• ATC code: A06AD11
• Active substance: Lactulose (Lactulose)
• Manufacturer: L. Molteni & C. dei FrateIli Alitti Societa di Esercizio (Italy)

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• Composition
• Product form
• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
• Indications
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Instructions for use Normase (method and dosage)
• Overdose
• Cooperation
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Cautions
• Synonyms
• Analogs
• Newborns
• During pregnancy (and lactation)
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

Composition

The syrup composition comprises lactulose   (active substance) as well as flavoring, citric acid (additive materials).

Product form

The syrup is a liquid syrupy consistency, it is transparent and has a light yellow color, a distinctive sweet flavor. Contained in bottles of dark glass of 200 ml, in a cardboard box contains a measuring cup made of polyethylene.

Pharmacological action

Normase affects the body as a laxative Providing an osmotic laxative and gipoammoniemichesky effect. Lactulose is a synthetic oligosaccharide, which indicated the presence of residues of galactose and fructose.

Enzymes which are capable of lactulose cleaved in the human body is not. Therefore this substance remains unchanged under the influence of acidic and alkaline media, hence in the colon, it is unchanged.

Once in the colon lactulose is exposed to specific microflora, then the process hydrolyzing   followed by the formation of organic acids. Main metabolite of lactulose   - A lactic acid and its metabolites are formic and acetic acid.

Under the influence of lactulose level increases the osmotic pressure in the colon, which promotes the ingress of fluid into the large intestine from the blood. This in turn determines the increase in the volume of stool, their significant softening. Given the increasing volume of stool is stimulation of intestinal peristalsis.

When injected into the colon lactulose it creates an acidic environment, suspend the development and growth of pathogenic organisms. It is in the acidic environment of the most active breed lacto - and bifidobacteria. Therefore, under the influence of lactulose recovering microflora and maintained its normal balance. This contributes to the maximum full absorption of nutrients, in particular, calcium salts, phosphates, normalization of exchange processes, protein, enhancing synthesis of a number of vitamins, which produces intestinal microflora.

Also lactulose increases the secretion of bile into the intestine, passage of blood activates ammonia in the intestinal lumen and its ionization. Under the influence of lactulose content decreases toxins in the blood, in particular ammonia. At the same time the liver is working with less intensity, which has a positive effect on the condition of people with impaired liver function.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

The drug increases the level of acidity in the large intestine and stimulates intestinal motility, softening the stool. Laxative effects is no effect on smooth muscle and intestinal mucosa.

Action means occurs 24-48 hours after oral administration, as initially the drug passes through the digestive tract is fully human.

It noted the low level of absorption of lactulose metabolites in blood, about 8% of the metabolites excreted in urine. Basically, the drug is excreted in the feces.

Normase inhibits growth Salmonella in the colon. Addiction to the drug is not indicated, the absorption of vitamins does not reduce it.

Indications

Normase indicated for the treatment of the following conditions:

• Chronic constipation : Used for infants, the elderly, pregnant women.
• Hepatic encephalopathy : Used for the purpose of therapy and prevention of a coma and precoma in patients with hepatic encephalopathy.
• Violations of the microflora in the colon : Among other things, used for detection of Salmonella.
• Dysbacteriosis After treatment with antibiotics, for violations in the diet.
• It is used before and after surgery with the purpose of the regulation of stool in patients hemorrhoids .
• Syndrome putrid dyspepsia : Including manifested as a result of food poisoning, is used to treat young children.
• Ammoniemia .

Also, the drug is used in complex treatment of vaginal candidiasis , Vaginal dysbacteriosis, osteoporosis .

Contraindications

Normase treatment is not practiced in the following cases:

• High-sensitivity agent ingredients;
• intolerance galactose, fructose;
• bleeding in the gut;
• galactosemia ;
• bowel obstruction;
• is suspected appendicitis ;
• appendicism .

Precautions Normase used to treat patients with diabetes .

Side effects

Perhaps the manifestation of the following side effects:

• nausea, diarrhea, flatulence ;
• disruption of water and electrolyte metabolism (with prolonged therapy);
• dizziness, headache;
• myalgia, arrhythmia ;
• weakness, fatigue.

Instructions for use Normase (method and dosage)

If the patient is assigned Normase, instructions for use should be carefully observed. The syrup should be drunk after a meal.

Instructions for use Normase constipation stipulates that adult patients take the first three days of treatment of 15-40 ml daily, in the following days, the dose is 10-25 ml per day.

6 years after the Children and adolescents receive the first three days daily with 15 ml, more drug is given in a dose of 10 ml a day.

Children aged 1-6 years should take 5-10 ml per day. Children under 1 year are taking Normase 5 ml per day.

Depending on the person's general health and the course of his disease treatment can last from 1 to 4 months.

Patients diagnosed with hepatic coma, prekoma, encephalopathy, or have elevated blood ammonia levels, Normase administered at a dose of 30-60 ml three times per day. Further dosage is determined so that the person observed soft stool 2-3 times a day. The process of treatment lasts at least three months.

After the surgery Normase be taken 18 hours after which the treatment lasts 3-5 days. Adults take 10-30 ml per day Normase three children after 1 year - 5-10 ml 2-3 times a day. Children under 1 year old should take 5ml Normase 2-3 times a day.

Overdose

There were no cases of overdose Normase.

Cooperation

Together with the admission antibiotics   and antacids Normase efficiency decreases. Under the influence of lactulose modified release preparations in which the marked dependence on pH.

Normase desirable to take no earlier than two hours after the consumption of any drug.

Terms of sale

Normase dispensed in pharmacies without a prescription.

Storage conditions

Store means you need a temperature of 15 to 25 ° C. It can not freeze. Normase should be protected from children.

Shelf life

Store can be 3 years.

Cautions

If the treatment is carried out for a long period exceeding six months is necessary to regularly determine the level of chlorine, potassium, carbon dioxide in the blood.

Patients gastrocardiac syndrome should increase the dose gradually to prevent the manifestation of flatulence.

Synonyms

Lactulose . Lactusan . Portalak . Dufalac . Laktuvit .

Analogs

Match code ATC 4th level:

• Dufalac
• Forlaks
• Fortrans

In pharmacies, you can buy the following analogues of the drug Normase: Good luck . Dufalac . Romfalak . Lactusan . Laktuvit . Normolakt   and others. All analogues have on the body the same effect, but the final decision on the appointment of certain funds should only be attending specialist.

Is it better or Dufalac Normase?

Very often, parents have doubts about which drug is better to choose for the treatment of a child - or Normase Dufalac. Much difference between these funds is not, as both drugs are based on the same active ingredient - lactulose. Therefore, the body of the child and an adult they act the same way.

Newborns

Normase Infant applies if they have constipation associated with different diseases or characteristics of the organism. In the application of funds for the parents of newborn reviews it indicates that Normase effectively eliminates constipation associated with the peculiarities of the power feeding mother and baby, the problems in the process of introduction of complementary foods transferred to artificial feeding and others.

Normase - natural bifidogenic agent, so it can be used without restriction for newborns. Treatment should begin with minimal doses, while observing the condition of the baby. Normase does not cause addiction, has a pleasant taste and smell.

Normase during pregnancy and lactation

Normase can be used during pregnancy because it has no negative effects on the fetus. In the bloodstream lactulose misses, so systemic effects on the body has not. Reviews in pregnancy mostly positive, as the drug helps effectively eliminate constipation is a common problem for women expecting a baby.

In addition, Normase has a positive impact on the microflora of the vagina, preventing ascending infection. Breastfeeding Normase well appointed.

Reviews Normase

Reviews Normase network mostly positive, it is often used as a treatment for adults and children, particularly infants. Those parents who have used the drug for children, opinions about Normase often write and that the drug is well tolerated, does not cause negative effects and even allows you to get rid of chronic constipation. It is noted that the means should be used exactly as prescribed by your doctor.

Also, those who used the drug for treatment of children and infants, reviews written, and that the drug was delicious and well perceived by children. Mostly positive experience of treatment and remained Normase in pregnant women who use it to get rid of constipation.

Price Normase where to buy

Normase cost is about 200-260 rubles. 1 bottle.

Price Normase in Ukraine - from 55 to 80 hryvnia.

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Hypnotics drugs increase the risk of suicide

December 14, 2011

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• The reasons for lethargy
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Swedish scientists working at the University of Gothenburg, came to a disappointing conclusion. As it turned out, reception sedatives , and hypnotics   may increase the risk siutsida , And this applies both to young people and people in adulthood.

Scientists have conducted a lot of research, which was attended by 100 people of different ages: teenagers, middle-aged and elderly people, to commit suicide. As it turned out, several times more likely to attempt suicide committed people taking sedatives and opiates because the insomniacs or had any trouble sleeping.

Still, scientists have yet remain at a loss: the possibility of receiving sedation is a consequence, not a cause of insomnia. This is due to the fact that in almost all cases, the potential suicide have certain deviation psychic e, which can be linked directly with insomnia and sleep problems. Nevertheless, the risk of what medications to improve sleep are the cause of suicide is very high, the researchers say.

Olfen 100

Description overdue on 10/13/2014

• Latin name: Olfen-100
• ATC code: M01AB05
• Active substance: Diclofenac sodium (Diclofenac sodium)
• Manufacturer: Mephala LLC (Switzerland)

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• Composition
• Product form
• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
• Indications
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Instructions for use Olfen 100 Average Depokaps (method and dosage)
• Overdose
• Cooperation
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

Composition

Active substance - diclofenac sodium .

Auxiliary ingredients: lactose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, titanium dioxide, trietilatsetat, MCC trimyristate glycerol, ammonium methacrylate copolymer dispersion of type B gelatin, aqueous colloidal silica, iron oxide black, erythrosine, iron oxide red.

Product form

The medicine is available in capsule form prolonged   action.

Pharmacological action

The drug is anti-inflammatory . antipyretic   and analgesic   agent.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

At the heart of the action of the drug - preventing biosynthesis of prostaglandins That influence inflammation, fever and pain.

At rheumatic   diseases Olfen 100 helps reduce the severity of pain at rest and in motion, to improve the work of the joints, swelling to remove them, as well as to eliminate the morning stiffness. When the pain after injuries and operations, it also reduces the sensation of movement, wound edema and inflammatory swelling.

When primary dysmenorrhea   the drug reduces pain and intensity of menstruation.

After a single use of the maximum concentration - 4 hours. Meals do not have a significant effect on bioavailability   and the degree of Absorption this tool.

The binding of the active substance to plasma proteins - almost 100%. Mainly diclofenac   binds albumin . He enters the synovial fluid . The active substance reaches it maximum concentration of approximately 3 hours later than in plasma. The half-life of synovial fluid -   about 4-5 hours. Contents synovial fluid   It remains at a high level, and within 12 hours after ingestion of the drug.

Biotransformation   the active substance is carried out by glucuronidation   unmodified molecule, methoxylation   and hydroxylation   to form phenolic metabolites Which are then converted to glucuronide conjugates .

The final half-life of 1-2 hours. The half-life metabolites   - About 2 hours. 60% of the drug is excreted in the urine in the form metabolites . About 1% is excreted unchanged.

Indications

The drug is used in chronic polyarthritis . arthrosis . tendovaginitah . sciatica , Pain and inflammation in gynecology, arthritis . bursits . lumbago . cervical syndrome , Pain and swelling after injuries and operations.

Contraindications

Among the contraindications to the use of capsules, the following:

• Crohn's disease   or ulcerative colitis ;
• Hypersensitivity to the drug;
• pregnancy   (III trimester);
• hives   and rhinitis   because of the application NSAIDs ;
• heart failure ;
• peptic ulcer   stomach and duodenum;
• renal failure   in severe;
• the presence of seizures aspirin asthma   at history ;
• hepatic failure   in severe;
• increased risk of bleeding after surgery, cerebrovascular bleeding , Part-time homeostasis , Violations hematopoiesis .

It is also should not be applied to children   due to the high content of the active component.

Side effects

When you receive this drug may experience the following side effects:

• CNS - appearance dizziness . headache ;
• hearing - vertigo ;
• Gastrointestinal - nausea, diarrhea . dyspepsia . anorexia , Vomiting, abdominal cramps, flatulence , Pain in the abdomen;
• hepatobiliary system : Increased transaminases ;
• Leather - the appearance of rash;
• kidney and urinary tract - fluid retention, arterial hypertension . swelling .

In rare cases, as observed by:

• blood and lymphatic system - thrombocytopenia . anemia . leukopenia . agranulocytosis ;
• Nervous System - aseptic meningitis , Disorientation, insomnia , Irritability, depression , Nightmares, psychotic disorders, drowsiness , Violation of the sensitivity of the skin, convulsions, tremor , Taste disturbances and cerebral circulation, memory disorders, alarm ;
• organs of vision - diplopia , Blurred vision;
• CCC - chest pain, vasculitis , Tachycardia, heart failure . myocardial infarction . arterial hypertension ;
• respiratory system - bronchospasm . asthma . pneumonitis ;
• hepatobiliary system - liver dysfunction, hepatitis . jaundice . necrosis   liver hepatic failure ;
• kidney and urinary tract - proteinuria . nephrotic syndrome , Acute renal failure . hematuria . interstitial nephritis . necrotizing papillitis ;
• the immune system - hypersensitivity anaphylactoid   and anaphylactic   reaction angioedema ;
• hearing - hearing loss, ringing in the ears;
• GIT - gastritis , Bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, melena , Ulcers of the stomach and intestines, colitis . stomatitis , Esophageal, pancreatitis . constipation . glossitis . diafragmopodobnye bowel stricture ;
• skin - toxic epidermal necrolysis . hives . erythema . exfoliative dermatitis . Stevens-Johnson syndrome . photosensitization . eczema , hair loss, purpura .

In applying the drug at high doses and for a long period of time may cause Arterial thromboembolic events .

Instructions for use Olfen 100 Average Depokaps (method and dosage)

Instructions for capsules reports that initial daily dosage for adult patients is generally 100-150 mg. However, in mild cases, it may be 50 mg. All dosage divided by 2-3 times. Capsules guide advises to take before meals with water and without chewing.

The precise dosage and dosage regimen and the duration must be selected specialist individually   for each patient.

For example, when primary dysmenorrhea   initial dose is typically 50 mg. During treatment, if necessary, it can rise to a maximum daily - 200 mg.

It is possible to combine the reception means of other forms, for example, concurrently receive Olfen tablets, suppositories, plaster and so on. D. But the maximum daily dose should not be greater than with the 150 mg.

Overdose

Typical symptoms of overdose are not established. When applying caps in excess of the norm, it is possible vomiting . diarrhea . noise in ears . bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract . dizziness . convulsions . In addition, when a large overdose may occur liver   and acute renal failure .

In severe cases, ( hypotension , Seizures, difficulty breathing, renal failure , Irritation of the digestive tract), symptomatic therapy.

Activated carbon may be used. If there is a potential threat to life, you can spend a gastric lavage or induce vomiting.

Cooperation

For a single use capsule can lead to increased levels of lithium and digoxin in the blood plasma. Furthermore, they inhibit the action of diuretics . A by reaction with potassium-sparing diuretics   may cause hyperkalemia So that the patient must be carefully controlled.

The combination of the drug with other NSAIDs   and GCS   It increases the likelihood of undesirable side reactions. When used with anticoagulants   it is recommended to monitor the performance of blood clotting.

At the maximum dosage possible obstruction platelet aggregation .

Furthermore, the drug can not be used earlier than the day before or after administration Methotrexate Since it may enhance the toxicity and its concentration in the blood. Olfen 100 also increases cyclosporine nephrotoxicity . The interval of several hours and must be observed when receiving Colestipol   or Cholestyramine . The first means reduces the extent of absorption diclofenac   approximately 30%, while the second - 60%.

Terms of sale

The drug is sold only by prescription.

Storage conditions

The temperature should be 25 ° C. Keep the tool should be in a dry place.

Shelf life

Keep the medication should be no longer than five years from the date of issue, after which time taking capsules prohibited.

Reviews

Opinions of patients about this vehicle mostly positive. They note the convenient form of release and efficacy of the drug. Among the shortcomings referred only to the possibility of adverse reactions.

Price, where to buy

The drug is sold in Ukraine. You can buy it, on average, 75 hryvnia.

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Hondrogard

Description overdue on 06/19/2014

• Latin name: Chondrogard
• ATC code: M01AX25
• Active substance: Chondroitin sulfate
• Manufacturer: PharmFirma Sotex ZAO, Russia

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• Composition
• Product form
• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
• Indications
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Instructions for use Hondrogarda (method and dosage)
• Overdose
• Cooperation
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Analogs
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

Composition

In 1 ml of the active substance ( Sodium chondroitin sulfate ) Is contained in an amount of 100 mg plus excipients ( benzyl alcohol, sodium hydroxide, sodium bisulfite, vodaochischenaya ).

Product form

Ampoules with a transparent colorless or slightly yellowish solution, and 1 ml of 2, 5 or 10 pieces in a package. The liquid has a specific smell benzyl alcohol .

Pharmacological action

The stimulator of regenerative processes in tissues.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

The active substance of the drug - Chondroitin sulfate   It contributes to the restoration of cartilage degenerative changes and to reduce the joints by stimulating the synthesis of proteoglycans . Synthesis is stimulated glycosaminoglycans , Essential for cartilage.

Reduced joint pain, recovers calcium and phosphorus metabolism Reduced rate of occurrence of inflammation synovium   joint, and consequently, the destruction of cartilage.

Half an hour after injection it reaches its maximum concentration in plasma. It displays the active ingredient in two days.

Indications

Injections Hondrogarda prescribed for osteochondrosis   and osteoarthritis   spine or joints in the periphery.

Contraindications

• a tendency to rise bleeding ;
• thrombophlebitis ;
• allergy   into components;
• pregnant and lactating women and children.

Side effects

There are allergic reactions   and inflammation in the skin at the injection site.

Instructions for use Hondrogarda (method and dosage)

Injections produce intramuscularly . The daily dose of 0, 1, between the first injection making a break in one day. If necessary, in the fourth injection dose can be increased to 0, 2 of

Injections of the drug produce from 25 to 30 pieces. Repeat expedient course six months later.

Improvements in the state occur within 2 weeks after the start of the course.

Overdose

There were no reported cases of overdose.

Cooperation

It occurs or not was observed.

Terms of sale

By prescription.

Storage conditions

In a dark, cool place.

Shelf life

2 years.

Analogs Hondrogarda

Match code ATC 4th level:

• Glucosamine Chondroitin-
• Glucosamine
• Glucosamine hydrochloride
• Glucosamine Maximum
• Nutrilite Glucosamine
• Nimid Forte
• Nimid
• Struktum
• Artradol
• Kartilag Vitrum
• Mukosat
• Glucosamine sulfate
• Nimesulide
• Chondroitin sulfate
• Nimulid
• Nimesil

Artrin, mukosat, hondrolon, arthritis, chondroitin, kartilag Vitrum, structum, chondroitin sulfate, hondroksid, hondrolayf, honsurid, rumalon, aflutop, Don, arthritis, elbona .

What better Aflutop or Hondrogard?

Aflutop contains seaweed extract and therefore, can cause allergic reactions in people with intolerance to seafood as easily could overdose means. By efficacy Hondrogard somewhat higher than its equivalent. But analog comprises mostly natural ingredients.

Reviews on Hondrogard

Reviews for injections Hondrogard : The forums are mostly good reviews. Some write that after the first injection start to improve, the pain disappears and reduces inflammation. Often the course of the preparation is repeated, ie. A. Happy with the result after the first experience of use. Side effects rarely occur in the skin rashes and other allergic reactions.

Doctors about Hondrogarde The drug is often prescribed for osteoarthritis, arthritis   and various injuries of the joints. Improvements in the state come quickly, but the effect remains for a long time.

Price Hondrogarda (Where to buy)

Price injections Hondrogard far below (up to two times) than its counterparts. However, it is absolutely no effect on its efficiency.

Buy 10 vials of 1 ml of the drug in Russia costs about 637 rubles. The same amount of money, with a volume of 2 ml will cost in 1215 rubles.

Price Hondrogarda in Ukraine - 444 hryvnia for 10 vials of 1 ml. Price vials of 2 ml - 833 hryvnia for 10 pieces.

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Vetoron E

Description overdue on 07/16/2014

• Latin name: Vetoron E
• ATC code: A11BA
• Active substance: Beta-carotene, Tocopherol + + Ascorbic acid (Betacarotene + Tocophero + Ascorbic acid)
• Manufacturer: Ltd., Foreign Trade Pharma, Russia for ZAO AKVION, Russia

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• Composition
• Product form
• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
• Indications
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Instructions for use Vetoron E (method and dosage)
• Overdose
• Cooperation
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

Composition

As part Vetoron E: beta-carotene   - 20 mg, vitamin C (ascorbic acid)   and Vitamin E (tocopherol acetate)   40 mg each. Also contained in the formulation auxiliaries.

Product form

Orange, almost brown liquid with a specific smell. The cartons in which the bottles 15, 20, 25, 50, 60, 100 ml.

Pharmacological action

Immunomodulator, antioxidant . E Vetoron good adaptogenic agent .

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

The complex has the above properties through its member components. More Vetoron E has anti-inflammatory .

The successful combination Vitamin E   and beta-carotene It provides mutual reinforcement effects of these components.

Vitamin E - Universal Protector cell membranes, protects the body from excessive oxidation ( peroxide degradation ). It protects from disclosure double bonds   molecules beta-carotene and vitamin A Thereby protecting them from destruction under the influence of unfavorable external factors. With the ability to stabilize membranes mitochondria , There is a significant reduction in the consumption of oxygen by cells, thus preventing the phenomenon hypoxia .

Beta-carotene   neutralizes free radicals It reduces the likelihood of cancer. It possesses strong immunomodulatory effect .

Ascorbic acid   also a good antioxidant Strengthens the immune system, increases the effectiveness of other vitamins in combination. In conjunction with the already spent (oxidized) Vitamin E , An acid in its restore functional activity.

Indications

The complex is a good way to make up for the deficit vitamin A . E   and FROM .

Contraindications

Allergies   on components within the means supervitaminosis   of any of the vitamins.

Side effects

FEATURES:

• skin rash (allergic reaction);
• skin discoloration, obtaining an orange-yellow color.

Instructions for use Vetoron E (method and dosage)

Adults appoint receiving funds once a day, during meals, dissolved in the liquid droplets. 5-10 drops per day.

Children from seven years to 12 - 5-7 drops.

If necessary, the daily dose can be increased by half.

Overdose

Chronic administration of high doses, it may be allergy   or strong yellowing of the skin. It should stop taking the complex.

Cooperation

Almost does not occur.

Terms of sale

The recipe does not need vitamins.

Storage conditions

Away from children, temperature control from 4 to 25 degrees.

Shelf life

24 months.

Reviews Vetoron E

Reviews good. Many people use complex is not the first year, and pleased with the result, improves skin condition improved immunity The color of the skin becomes smoother and more enjoyable. Among the advantages of a medicament noted for its low cost, availability and ease of use. It has a pleasant taste and smell.

Price Vetoron E, where to buy

Price Vetoron E vial, 20 ml of about 157 rubles.

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Glucosamine Chondroitin-

Description overdue on 11/14/2014

• Latin name: Glucosaminum-Chondroitini
• ATC code: M01AX25
• Active substance: Glucosaminum + Chondroitini Sulfas
• Manufacturer: Farmakor

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• Composition
• Product form
• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
• Indications
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Instructions for use (method and dosage)
• Overdose
• Cooperation
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Cautions
• Analogs
• Babies
• During pregnancy (and lactation)
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

Composition

The preparation, or dietary supplements Glucosamine Chondroitin-enter active ingredients chondroitin sulfate   and glucosamine sulfate As well as additional ingredients.

Product form

Chondroitin glucosamine is produced in the form of capsules for ingestion. The capsules are contained in packages of 60 and 90 units.

Pharmacological action

Such drugs - are complex tools that contain chondroitin and glucosamine in the form of sulphates. These substances are actively involved in the production of connective tissue in the body. Under the influence of these ingredients are stimulated cartilage regeneration, more slowly the process of bone resorption.

Glucosamine   - A building block of cartilage tissue. Therefore, if the body is noted for its lack of degenerative and inflammatory processes are enhanced cartilage. Under its influence actively produced cartilage matrix suspended metabolic process of destruction of cartilage in people previously treated with corticosteroids and EPT. This material also has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect, increases the mobility of joints in people suffering osteoarthritis .

Chondroitin   - Mucopolysaccharide contained in the cartilage and in the bone and connective tissues. Under the influence of this substance is activated tissue repair bone and cartilage, it has a positive effect on the condition of patients with diseases of the musculoskeletal system, having degenerative dystrophic character. The substance increases the mobility of joints in osteoarthritis.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

After Glucosamine Chondroitin-complex was passed orally, its active ingredients are absorbed into the digestive tract. Chondroitin sulfate level of bioavailability equals 13% glucosamine - 25%. The highest concentration of chondroitin levels fixed in 3-4 hours. The metabolism of the active ingredients in the liver. Half-life of glucosamine - approximately 68 hours, chondroitin sulfate - derived completely after 24 hours. Basically active substance is excreted through the kidneys displayed.

Indications

Doppelgerts Glucosamine + Chondroitin asset is assigned to treat those patients diagnosed with degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine and joints. In particular, a formulation indicated in patients osteoarthritis   and osteochondrosis .

This tool, as well as other drugs with the same active ingredients (Glucosamine Chondroitin-Plus Glucosamine Chondroitin + MSM, etc.) Will also be appointed as needed to provide an additional source of these substances.

The tool is assigned to the prevention and further adjuvant therapy of degenerative diseases of the joints, to restore the joints in people who received fractures and sports injuries.

Capsules may also be included in the sports nutrition.

Contraindications

Glucosamine + Chondroitin Doppelgerts not assigned to people with hypersensitivity to the funds, as well as people suffering from phenylketonuria. Do not use the drug for the treatment of children.

Side effects

Upon receipt of funds, the active ingredient of which is glucosamine and chondroitin (this Weider Glucosamine Chondroitin Plus MSM, Glucosamine Chondroitin MSM, Ultimate Nutrition Glucosamine Chondroitin MSM, etc.), Can develop the following undesirable effects:

• violations of the chair;
• recurrent pain in the epigastric region;
• flatulence ;
• dizziness , headache;
• swelling ;
• pain in the extremities;
• tachycardia ;
• allergic reactions ;
• disruption of biological rhythms.

Instructions for use (method and dosage)

Instructions Glucosamine-Chondroitin to provide oral capsules: they must be swallowed whole, washed down with plenty of liquid.

How much time is necessary to continue this treatment should be determined by the expert, prescribe. Usually, the therapy lasts more than two months. Instructions on Glucosamine-Chondroitin Complex comprises receiving medication 1 capsule per day. In the event that in the course of treatment for two weeks, no improvement is observed, you must tell your doctor.

How to take Glucosamine Chondroitin MSM Maxler and other preparations containing these elements need to be checked with a specialist treatment is prescribed.

Overdose

There is no information on overdose of this tool. If a person has taken an overdose of drugs, it should be carried out gastric lavage and symptomatic treatment.

Cooperation

If at the same time the patient takes antibiotics tetracycline, the level of absorption of the latter can be increased.

The drug can reduce the effectiveness of penicillin antibiotics.

It can be combined with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids.

Terms of sale

You can buy capsules prescription.

Storage conditions

Means stored at a temperature of 15 to 25 degrees Celsius.

Shelf life

Store the tool can be 3 years.

Cautions

If during the therapy, there are side effects such as dysfunction of the digestive system, it is necessary to reduce the dose twice means. A further manifestation of the side effects of therapy should be discontinued.

For a more pronounced effect in the treatment process should be included into the diet products containing glucosamine, chondroitin, collagen. It beef, chicken, fish and other sea. For more information about the products contained in any desired body material, tell the specialist.

Analogs

Match code ATC 4th level:

• Glucosamine
• Glucosamine hydrochloride
• Glucosamine Maximum
• Nutrilite Glucosamine
• Nimid Forte
• Nimid
• Struktum
• Hondrogard
• Artradol
• Kartilag Vitrum
• Mukosat
• Glucosamine sulfate
• Nimesulide
• Chondroitin sulfate
• Nimulid
• Nimesil

Analogs tools - drugs Teraflex . Artra . Hondrofleks And a number of dietary supplements - Glucosamine + Chondroitin MSM, Glucosamine Chondroitin-Plus and others.

Babies

For the treatment of children, it means not being used due to lack of the necessary amount of information about drug safety.

During pregnancy and lactation

During pregnancy   a woman can take the drug only under the supervision of a specialist. Lactation   at the time of treatment should stop.

Reviews Glucosamine Chondroitin-

Reviews of chondroitin glucosamine found on the network, both positive and indicative of the ineffectiveness of the means. In particular, reviews of asset Doppelgerts Glucosamine + Chondroitin indicate that the drug relieves pain in the joints. In discussing means of Ultimate Nutrition Glucosamine Chondroitin MSM, Maxler Glucosamine Chondroitin MSM, reviews, patients often leave the positive, noting the improvement in the general condition.

Glucosamine Chondroitin-Price, where to buy

Glucosamine Chondroitin Price-complex average ranges from 250 rubles per 60 capsules. Price Chondroitin glucosamine Doppelgerts is 300 rubles per pack of 30 pieces. Buy drugs at any pharmacy.

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