Before the discovery of penicillin, one of those who fell ill with pneumonia, dying every third. Despite the progress in medicine, the treatment of this disease remains a serious problem
Most of us are aware of the pneumonia is that it is a one- or two-sided and do not even know how many faces this disease. Another SP Botkin wrote: "... all of a lung inflammation nickname, and yet, what kind of."
The Many Faces of Infection
Pneumonia is sluggish, acute and chronic. Easier flows focal inflammation of the lungs (pneumonia) commonly occurs as a complication of acute respiratory viral infections - in its treatment often can not do without hospitalization. Much more dangerous, especially for children and the elderly, the acute form of the disease - lobar pneumonia, which often is the result of long exposure to cold, but in many cases the cause is and remains unidentified. Chronic pneumonia, which is characterized by alternating periods of exacerbations and attenuation can result in an inadequate or prematurely discontinued treatment of acute forms of the disease, as well as some of the pathogens for which it is characteristic of chronic. Isolate as interstitial pneumonia, in which inflammation develops in the connective tissue of the lung; This form often occurs as a complication of influenza and SARS.
Also distinguish pneumonia origin: on this basis, it is community-acquired and hospital. The share of the latter accounts for about 5-7% of all pneumonia, but for - more severe than the "home".
Understand all these difficulties is important because different types of pneumonia require different approaches. The general rule is one thing you need to start treatment as early as possible. Otherwise, the increased risk of dangerous complications (this disease and cardiovascular and neurological diseases, and even diseases of the digestive system). And sometimes - and death.
Where the wind blows?
Depending on the pathogen infection is bacterial pneumonia, SARS, viral or fungal.
The overwhelming majority of pneumonias (about 60%) - bacterial. They are the most dangerous, because they cause severe intoxication, lead to destructive changes in lung tissue, often give others complications.
Among the specific bacterial pathogens cocci: pneumonia, streptococci and staphylococci and coli: Klebsiella, and Haemophilus influenzae moraksella. Such pneumonia occur most acutely, with a bright clinical picture: there are high temperature (not less than 38 °, but can go up to very high numbers), and pain in the chest, worse when coughing, and shortness of breath, and sweating, and weakness ... developing acute respiratory failure, which can cause death.
Approximately 30% of cases occur SARS infection provoked by the so-called opportunistic infections, such as pulmonary mycoplasma or chlamydia. It is believed that the sluggish SARS - less dangerous. However, as you look at it: after all, because they erased the clinical picture is detected very late. It is especially difficult to diagnose patients with allergies.
Finally, the remaining 10% accounted for by a viral pneumonia. Her pathogens - viruses, parainfluenza, and adenovirus rhino-. This type of pneumonia is rare also because over time, in most cases, a viral infection joins another and bacterial.
Very rarely, usually in people with weakened immune systems, there are fungal lung disease. Also, the disease can develop after undergoing a severe bacterial infection.
Treatment immediately
The most reliable method for diagnosing a chest X-ray . This investigation for suspected pneumonia necessarily . It is also considered necessary research to find the causative agent . However, in practice, these tests are done is not always . And it's not in the negligence of doctors - simply to wait, for example, the results of sputum culture or blood test for antibodies to HIV, it takes 3-4 days, but this time at an acute course of the disease is not . Therefore, most antibiotics are appointed empirically . Before writing this or that medicine, the doctor will take into account all the factors, and the clinical picture of the disease and the patient's age, and the epidemic situation and the place and circumstances in which there was illness (because "domestic" and nosocomial pneumonia caused various pathogens) . The good doctor certainly details questioning the patient and study his medical records - analysis of existing diseases will help select the optimal antibiotic .
The basis of any treatment of pneumonia - antibiotics. With viral pneumonia and also need antiviral medications, and fungal - antifungals. Usually, the doctor prescribes a broad-spectrum antibiotics (ie, acting on the majority of pathogens), but try to choose those that have a greater focus on the particular pathogen.
When SARS patients discharged from the category of antibiotics, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines.
When coccal or Haemophilus influenzae - antibiotics from the group of cephalosporins and penicillins.
In difficult or complicated cases where the origin of the pneumonia is not clear, but the disease is life-threatening, is assigned to more than one drug, but several at once.
On average, the treatment takes 7-10 days. But if the 3-4 th day improvement would not have to appoint another antibiotic. Unfortunately, in recent times there are many bacteria resistant to antibiotics, making these drugs ineffective. If empirically prescribing does not help, it is necessary to pass tests (blood or mucus) and identify the true culprit of the disease.
Finale
Pneumonia is fraught with relapses, so even after recovery complacency. The patient will have in the next few months to engage in rehabilitation. Useful are physical therapy, vitamins, probiotics. Within a month after undergoing the disease should not engage in physical exercise, sunbathing and vaccinations. If pneumonia is back again, do not put off a visit to the immunologist - you need to carefully check their immune status and engage in strengthening the body's defenses.
It is important to
Contact with germs healthy body does not mean that people necessarily get sick with pneumonia. For the development of the disease requires one of two conditions: either the concentration of bacteria was very high, or to the body at the time of the meeting with the agent of infection was weakened.
Condusive to pneumonia:
hypothermia,
& gt; & gt; physical exhaustion,
& gt; & gt; borne infections
& gt; & gt; poor diet,
& gt; & gt; smoking,
& gt; & gt; effects on the lungs of chemicals
& gt; & gt; lack of exercise, creating a threat of stagnation in the lungs,
& gt; & gt; chronic respiratory disease (bronchitis, tonsillitis, asthma).
Source
Industry News
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