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Polyarthritis - A disease in which there is inflammation of multiple joints, or it occurs consistently. It is a chronic disease. The main causes are arthritis inflammation of joint tissue In which there is a lot of blood vessels and nerve endings. In this disease observed problems sinovalnoy shell That surrounds the joint.
Given the reasons for developing arthritis, defined by the following diseases:
- Rheumatoid arthritis - As a rule, it is not associated with an infection that gets into the joint, but eventually develop chronic failure of multiple joints. Rheumatoid arthritis affects connective tissue and is a severe systemic illness. Rather quickly, this disease affects other organs, which is why it is important to the treatment of arthritis at the earliest stage.
- Infectious arthritis - A consequence of once infection. The causes of this disease may be tuberculosis . brucellosis . gonorrhea . If you apply timely and adequate treatment of the disease, the consequence of which is infectious arthritis, it passes quickly. However, subject to disregard the treatment of infectious arthritis of the joint work can be broken.
- Crystal polyarthritis ( polyarthritis exchange ) - Is caused by metabolic disorders in the body. His main reason for becoming a significant accumulation salts joints. Salt crystals irritate the joint, resulting in the inflammation. So, gout It is a crystalline arthritis, which is caused by accumulation of salts Uric acid .
- Psoriatic arthritis - Mainly occurs in people under the age of forty years. The disease develops after the occurred psoriatic skin lesions . It manifested in six to eight months. Generally the disease affects the joints in the feet.
- Reactive arthritis - Provoke an infection that enters the body. Foci is in the genitourinary system, or the lungs. Because of the reactive arthritis may develop conjunctivitis . polyneuritis . colitis .
Symptoms of arthritis
The main symptoms of the disease are directly dependent on what type of arthritis occurs as well as the reasons for its occurrence. In the presence of infection in the body manifests Infectious arthritis . In this case, characterized by the following symptoms of arthritis: swelling and redness of the skin over the joint, limited mobility.
In the same time rheumatoid arthritis It appears at first very mild symptoms. The main signs of the early stages of this type of arthritis is the high sensitivity of the joints to the weather. At first, the pain expressed rather weakly, and swelling in the joints are almost invisible. In some cases there is a fever, however, more often manifested as symptoms of fever and weight loss of appetite. But in some cases of rheumatoid arthritis increase in temperature can be very strong, in addition, there are diseases of internal organs.
Children arthritis manifested after they reach the age of two. Symptoms of arthritis in this case manifested as follows: pain in the joints and a marked limitation of mobility. Disease symmetrically affects the joints, while there is an increase lymph nodes .
Diagnosis of arthritis
To make a correct diagnosis of the patient, it is necessary, first of all, draw up a detailed history and to conduct a very thorough medical examination. If the patient complains that the joints become less mobile in the morning, and while such a condition occurs for half an hour or more, then the doctor suggests the presence of inflammation . If you have a personal or family history psoriasis we can assume that psoriatic arthritis patient. If a patient in the presence of inflammatory bowel disease, inflammation of the iris, or the previously observed symptoms inflammatory diarrhea , All these diseases can cause arthritis.
In a patient with rheumatoid arthritis occurs inflammation in the joints of the hands, as well as metatarsophalangeal joint of the foot . These inflammatory progress for six or more weeks. As a rule, such a disease occurs most often in women who have not attained the age of fifty. And older people are often the disease appears equally among representatives of both sexes. In the initial stage of the disease symptoms may occur occasionally, but after some time they do not come all the time, so the quality of life becomes much lower.
As the diagnosis of arthritis is used as a test for rheumatoid factor. But experts note that about thirty percent of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis tests show a negative result. If the body in the presence of antinuclear antibodies , It may be a sign seropositive rheumatoid arthritis Which is a more severe form of the disease.
As the diagnosis of the disease are also using a blood test indicating erythrocyte sedimentation rate, a test that determines the activity aspartate aminotransferase . It is also in the process of diagnosis is determined by the level of creatinine and produced Analysis of urine . The cheapest and simplest method is to test it on the sedimentation rate erythrocyte Which shows the level of disease activity in patients. But this study to find diagnostic. In this performance test is the excess, not all patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
In the case of symptoms of arthritis for one year and longer periods of time should be X-rays of hands and feet. Early diagnosis of arthritis is very important. It is only with proper and timely treatment of the patient will be able to pre-empt the emergence of joint damage and other serious violations.
Complications polyarthritis
In rheumatoid arthritis may be a manifestation of a number of complications. For example, inflammation of the joints over time can provoke damage to eyes, skin, lungs, blood vessels, heart and other organs. In addition, some side effects can produce and medicines, which are assigned for the treatment of arthritis.
Given the daily discomfort that cause the symptoms of arthritis, many patients seen depression . According to observations, approximately every fifth patient with rheumatoid arthritis appear on the skin rheumatoid nodules . This seal under the skin that are often formed on the forearms, elbows, heels, toes. Sometimes they appear sharply, sometimes emerge gradually.
Rheumatoid nodules may also appear in the heart . light . As a complication of the disease may occur rash As well as other problems with the skin. This may be as a result of disease and side-effect of drugs taken. Arthritis can cause eye diseases. For example, patients sometimes develop inflammation episclera . scleritis . And if the first disease is fairly easy, the second may even cause loss of vision. With Sjögren's syndrome Which also occurs as a complication of arthritis manifested dryness and irritation in the eyes. If you do not start early treatment, it may appear on the conjunctiva scarring. Consequently, patients with rheumatoid arthritis should be checked regularly vision.
With the development of arthritis may occur as an accumulation of fluid between the pericardium and heart . This happens rarely, during an exacerbation or relapse of the disease. And as a result of taking certain medications can worsen the condition of the heart muscle. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis there is a high risk of manifestations of cardiovascular diseases, among them myocardial infarction .
Rarely is manifested particularly severe complication is vasculitis That affects the small blood vessels. In most cases, reduces the number of patients Red blood cells , Causing anemia with all its attendant symptoms. Rarely seen in the arthritis Felty's syndrome - Increase in the size of the spleen. In turn, this syndrome greatly increases the risk of tumors of the lymph nodes. In the formation of rheumatoid nodules in the lungs, they usually do not affect the condition of the patient. However, sometimes they provoke Lung collapse Infections accumulation of fluid between the membranes in the lung. People with rheumatoid arthritis are much more vulnerable to attack infections. Proper treatment of illness and constant monitoring by the physician will help to avoid such problems in the future.
Treatment of arthritis
Methods of treating a certain type of arthritis is mandatory should appoint an experienced specialist. This is particularly important to specify those patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis when the main goal of treatment is to reduce the duration of the acute period of the disease. In the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis mandatory use glucocorticoids Which in some cases are entered directly into the joint. Also appointed therapy with having analgesic properties .
The complex treatment of arthritis should appoint rheumatologist. As a rule, exacerbation of arthritis treatment is performed in a hospital. In rheumatoid arthritis successfully used massage and exercise of a set of special physiotherapy. Also noticeable effect gives application physiotherapy . Note, however, that it is impossible to warm up the diseased joint.
If improvement does not occur, it is assigned to surgery aimed at removing the tissue in the joint, which is affected by the disease. Currently, these operations are carried out arthroscopically .
Prevention of arthritis
For the prevention of diseases of the joints in the first place it is important to comply with the basic rules of a healthy lifestyle. Everyday gymnastics, jogging and other exercise will strengthen the muscles and joints. It is also a general hardening of the body.
It is a timely cure all infectious diseases. It is important to take into account the emergence of this disease may contribute to obesity, poor nutrition, the presence of a large load on the joints, as well as frequent injuries.
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