September 5, 2011
- Instructions for use for children Izofry
- Naphthyzinum
- Nasonex
- Visine eye drops
Sinusitis (from the Latin. «sinus» - sinus) is an inflammation paranasal sinuses - Cavities in the bones of the skull, which are reported in the nasal cavity through the apertures. Sinus exist in the maxilla ( maxillary sinuses ) In the frontal bone ( frontal sinus ) In the ethmoid bone ( ethmoidal sinus ). Besides them there are wedge ( sphenoid sinus ), Located behind the ethmoid sinuses in the upper part of the nose.
Based on this, there are several types of sinusitis. Genyantritis - Inflammation of the maxillary (maxillary) sinuses, sinusitis - Inflammation of the frontal sinus, ethmoiditis - Inflammation of the ethmoidal labyrinth and sphenoiditis - Inflammation of the sphenoid sinus. Sinusitis can be single- or double-sided, with the defeat of one or all of the sinuses. The most common types of sinusitis is sinusitis and sinusitis.
There are two types of sinusitis - acute, which arises as a consequence of acute rhinitis . Flu , Infectious diseases and lasts 2-3nedeli, as well as chronic, which occurs as a result of insufficient cured sinusitis. Also distinguish 3 forms of inflammation of the sinuses - purulent When contained pus in the sinuses, Bluetongue When inflammation affects mucosal surfaces, and can be observed as a discharge of mucus and mixed form .
Diagnosis of sinusitis identifies the main causes of sinusitis, which are:
- not completely cured the common cold, acute rhinitis, SARS ( flu . sore throat . scarlet fever );
- chronic rhinitis;
- disease roots 4 of the upper posterior teeth;
- Patients adenoids;
- allergies;
- immunity disorders, which can cause long-term chronic illness;
- hypertrophic rhinitis;
- inborn errors of anatomic features of the nose;
- deviated septum;
- injury to the nose.
During hypothermia, or low immunity, the body can not fight back to pathogenic bacteria, leading to their introduction into the nasal mucosa. The resultant swelling leads to disruption of sinus ventilation, which is isolated from the nasal cavity, and which begins to secrete mucus, filling the sinus. The slime bacteria multiply formed pus which, entering the blood sends organism. If sinusitis is not treated, it becomes chronic sinusitis and complications arise.
Symptoms of sinusitis
Symptoms of sinusitis include:
- headache and pain in the cheekbones, cheeks, teeth, worse in the evening;
- bloating, pressure in the forehead, nose, cheeks;
- nasal congestion, nasal possible Alternating both nostrils, mucous or purulent discharge from the nose;
- fever;
- the emergence of heightened sensitivity of the person;
- nocturnal cough;
- weakness, fatigue, irritability;
- weakening of the sense of smell.
One of the most common variants of sinusitis is sinusitis. Usually it occurs on a background of rhinitis and other diseases, as well as a result of inflammation of the roots 4 of the upper back teeth.
The main symptoms of sinusitis are feeling pressure in the inflamed sinus and headache in the forehead, cheeks, pain, exciting half of the face, as well as pressure on the cheek. The pain may be aggravated by changing the position of the head. There may also be a toothache, which increases during chewing. Patients with sinusitis impaired nasal breathing, nasal voice appears, as well as clear or purulent nasal discharge. Patients may complain of watery eyes, photophobia, decreased sense of smell. Sometimes, increased body temperature and general condition worsens, a person becomes sluggish, can not concentrate. There may be swelling of the cheeks on the side of the affected sinuses, swelling of the lower eyelid discomfort in the ears.
The acute form of sinusitis usually lasts for 2 weeks, and if it is not treated, sinusitis becomes chronic. There are also rhinogenous . odontogenic . hematogenous and traumatic sinusitis.
Fronts - An inflammation of the frontal sinuses. When the disease sinusitis observed pain in the forehead, which increases with pressure and while the slopes, a violation of nasal breathing, discoloration of the skin over the sinuses, and swelling in the forehead. Chronic sinusitis is accompanied hypertrophy of the nasal mucosa and polyps .
Ethmoiditis It has the following symptoms:
- soft tissue swelling around the eyes and eyelids;
- pain between the eyes;
- partial loss of smell.
Symptoms sfenoidita :
- ear pain;
- pain around the neck.
All of the symptoms of sinusitis are enhanced by tilting the head forward.
Diagnosis of sinusitis
ENT diagnoses acute catarrhal and purulent sinusitis is based on a survey of the patient, the oral examination of the nasopharynx and paranasal sinuses x-ray results. The swelling of the mucous membranes of the sinuses leads to darkening on the radiograph, and accumulation of fluid (pus) looks like the liquid level.
To diagnose chronic sinusitis doctor assigns a CT scan of the paranasal sinuses, which revealed a cyst, polyps and other changes.
Treatment for sinusitis
Treatment of diseases carried out ENT hospital . For the treatment of sinusitis is used drug treatment to reduce swelling of the nasal mucosa and to improve drainage from the sinuses. For this purpose appointed vasoconstrictor drugs ( Naphthyzinum . oxymetazoline . nazivin . galazolin . naphazoline ) In the form of nasal drops, aerosols, ointments, which, however, can not be used more than 5 days. These drugs can reduce the swelling of the nasal mucosa and restore the patency of anastomoses of the paranasal sinuses. After that you can hold collunarium ( kameton . bioparoks ). When the temperature rises appointed antipyretic drugs ( aspirin . paracetamol . tsitramon ).
In the case of allergic sinusitis appointed antihistamine therapy ( loratadine . cetirizine . suprastin . tavegil ). For people prone to allergies is important prevention of sinusitis, in order to avoid recurrence of the disease.
An important element in the treatment of sinusitis is nasal lavage antiseptic solutions (method of moving or "cuckoo"), so that the nasal mucosa is cleared of germs, dust, and reduces inflammation.
If inflammation of the sinuses become purulent, then appointed antibiotics . Selection depends on the antibiotic infective agent, and is usually administered Amoxicillin . loracarbef . cefuroxime axetil . These drugs are used as inside a pill or intramuscularly and intravenously over 1-2 weeks. Alternative drugs are macrolides . cephalosporin . cefaclor .
Used complex treatment including sinusitis homeopathic drugs ( Sinupret . Cinnabsin ), That reduce the pain and inflammation in the sinuses.
Corticosteroids contribute to the restoration of sinus drainage and reduce the severity of allergic reactions. However, they are not prescribed for purulent sinusitis. If sinusitis appeared on the background of allergic rhinitis or asthma, it is obligatory treatment of the underlying disease.
If drug treatment is not effective sinusitis, the sinus cavity lavage administered and puncture (puncture) maxillary and frontal sinuses. In this case, the sinus is cleaned of accumulated pus there, sinus washed and injected antibiotics, anti-inflammatory and antiseptic agents (dioxidine, hinozol). If this does not work, and the development of a variety of complications, for example, Encephalitis . meningitis , Surgery is necessary to expand the openings of the sinuses and remove pus, polyps, and altered mucous membranes. This treatment is called endoscopic sinus surgery .
For physiotherapy treatments for sinusitis include UHF-therapy sinus, nasal cavity UFO, blue light, dynamic currents, mud therapy, inhalation.
Preventing sinusitis
Preventing sinusitis is aimed at early treatment of the underlying disease (common cold, allergic rhinitis, sore throat), and the elimination of factors that are predisposing to the development of inflammation in the sinuses. It is important to temper the body, exercise regularly, do not supercool, frequently visit the open air, take vitamins and immunnopodderzhivayuschie drugs. Avoid swimming in pools, as Chlorine irritates the mucous membranes of the nose.
Complications of sinusitis
Complications of sinusitis can be diseases such as meningitis . swelling of the meninges . thrombosis Century orbit Ie Various intraorbital and intracranial disease, and pneumonia . otitis .
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