November 4, 2012
- The second month of pregnancy
- Constipation after childbirth
- The choice of contraception in various diseases
- Progestin pills
In recent years combined oral contraceptives widely used for the prevention of unwanted conception. That hormonal contraceptives are considered to be one of the most effective influence and thus reliable means. Further, such contraception on the female body has a positive effect by strengthening reproductive health.
To understand the mechanism of action of contraceptives should be made to the physiology of the woman's body. All changes that occur in it, are cyclical, and through a clear time period are repeated. Cycle - this time from the first day of menstrual bleeding until the next. The cycle may last 21 to 35 days, but most women, it is 28 days. Ovulation occurs in the middle of the cycle. At this time, a mature egg is released from the ovary. Subject to its junction with the sperm is conceived. All these processes are governed estrogen and progesterone . Throughout the cycle ratio of these hormones is changed several times.
How do COCs?
Effect of combined oral contraceptives is based on the effect of hormones on the body. Combined oral contraceptives (COCs abbreviated) consist of synthetic analogues of the hormones estrogen and progesterone. Depending on the amount of active ingredients in the formulation and their ratio such means are divided into single-phase . biphasic and three-phase drugs. This is the best oral kontartseptivy for modern women, as they can choose, depending on the individual.
Three-phase COCs contain the hormones being closest to the natural fluctuation of estrogen and progesterone in a woman's body. The two-phase oral contraceptive ratio of sex hormones changed twice, and this is a definite difference to the natural processes of the female body. But determining exactly which tools to choose a woman should take into account that the least responsible natural processes of single-phase contraceptives. But overall, COCs affect a woman's body the same way, preventing unwanted pregnancy .
Therefore, encouraging women receiving these funds, the physician focuses on the individual tolerance of drugs. In some cases, the body, normally accept single-phase combined contraceptives negatively responds to three-phase, funds. But in general, the modern COCs so positive about the female body, that their use is allowed from the start of sexual activity and before the period menstrual pause . During menopause, oral contraceptives may be used in hormone replacement therapy for the prevention of pathological changes in bone and cartilage tissue, which occur due to the loss of calcium.
COCs have several routes of exposure, so that there is a contraceptive effect. First of all, under the influence of ovulation is suppressed, so the egg does not mature and are not released in the fallopian tube. Also, drugs of this type alter the composition cervical secretions . In the normal state this secret contributes to the penetration of sperm into the uterus, and as a result of exposure to COCs it turns into a thick and viscous mass. As a result, sperm can not penetrate inside, plus they are almost unsustainable entering the cervix. In addition, when taking contraceptives structure of the endometrium varies significantly: much thinner shell. Consequently, even if fertilization does occur, the egg with an embryo attach to the uterine wall can not. Thus, the tri-level exposure to COC guarantees a high level of protection against unwanted conception. According to statistical information while taking oral contraceptives for 100 women recorded 0, 1 pregnancy.
Hormonal contraceptives are also an effective preventive measure for the prevention of a number of gynecological diseases, hormonal imbalance . Also receiving these funds makes it easier for menstruation, reduce the amount of blood.
Types of COCs
As mentioned above, hormonal contraceptives are divided into several varieties. Single-phase oral contraceptive It is composed of the same number of packing tablets synthetic analogues of progesterone and estrogen. This type of COCs include drugs Mersilon . Marvelon . Regulon . Novinet . Diane-35 . Logest . Femoden . Silest . Ovidon . Rigevidon . Non-Ovolon . Miniziston . These contraceptives are a suitable method for the protection of young nulliparous women. The principal difference between these funds are a dose of hormones they contain. Therefore, an important condition is that the individual selection of such funds, in which must take into account and the overall health of women and the presence of chronic diseases and pathologies, and, finally, the opportunity to purchase more expensive contraception.
Speaking of the two-phase media, it should be noted that this category of drugs include less. The preparation Anteovin contains ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel . Two-phase contraceptives, in addition to the main effects, promote recovery from acne . seborrhea . The fact that these diseases often causes too high content androgens in the body, allow contraceptives to balance hormone levels. Experts identify two-phase COCs as intermediate agents between the single and three phase means.
The three-phase hormonal contraception allows you to simulate the natural menstrual cycle, because products containing hormones in a ratio as close to the physiological. This group includes drugs Trikvilar . Triziston . Trinovum . Three-regolith . In these preparations contain hormones in different ratios. Such agents positively influence the organism in the presence of the original ovarian dysfunction and other diseases. Three-phase COCs recommended for women over 27 years of age.
How to receive COCs?
Hormonal contraceptives from modern manufacturers produce in platelets, which contain 21 tablets or 28 tablets . To a woman easily navigate in the order of taking the drug, a new three-phase and two-phase pills have a special designation on the packaging in the form of arrows or days of the week . COCs should begin on the first day of the menstrual cycle, after which the product must be taken every day . Doctors advise, if possible, to take the pills at one and the same time . Recent studies indicate that at such a clear COC hormonal substances absorbed better . If you have a plate of 21 pills should take the drug on the first day of menstruation, followed by a break for seven days . In the days when the tablet is not accepted, do not require the use of other methods of protection, because the contraceptive effect remains . In the presence of the plate 28 tablets reception means being continuously . After one year of COC woman should take a break for three months to ovarian function can fully recover and not have any unwanted side effects . These days must be protected from conception, using other methods .
Women taking these pills should be clearly aware of the fact that some drugs are not strictly aligned COCs. It anticonvulsants, some prepartaov-antibiotics, medicines for lung diseases. But even if a woman is assigned to treatment with any other drug, it is about taking oral contraceptives, she should be sure to alert your doctor.
How to choose a COC?
Contraceptives for women, as male contraceptives, you must choose carefully weighing all the individual "for" and "against" . Before you start using any drug, you need to consult a physician-gynecologist . For proper selection of COCs should be required to undergo a series of studies . So, initially held a regular pelvic exam, Pap is taken . This eliminates a number of diseases, among them - cancer pathology . Twice during the menstrual cycle is performed ultrasound of the pelvic organs . US need to spend just after menstruation and before the start of the next menstruation . This study will identify the growth and status of the mucosa of the uterus, about the features of ovulation . Women appointed as consultation with a specialist, mammalogy, holding ultrasound breast . Sometimes it is also necessary to determine the level of hormones in the blood of the patient .
About three months after the woman began to regularly take pills, she should visit the doctor again for the purpose of controlling the impact on the body hormonal substances.
In general, oral contraceptives for women have a lot of obvious advantages, among them - a high level of reliability, rapid onset of effect, ease of application, good tolerance of the body. In addition, these female contraceptives provide normal level of reversibility, ie after the cessation of such tablets woman can become pregnant after 1-12 months. Such tablets are suitable for young girls, as they allow you to adjust the monthly cycle, eliminate painful symptoms during menstruation, get a certain therapeutic effect in some diseases, reduce the expression of inflammatory processes.
COCs reduce the risk of cysts . oncological diseases . benign breast tumors And avoid iron deficiency anemia . Their application is suitable for women who have indicated high levels of male hormones.
Due to the inhibition of ovulation and tablets provide protection against the development of ectopic pregnancy . In some cases, they also make it possible to eliminate some of the factors that trigger infertility . Therefore, after the cessation of treatment with drugs such pregnancy occurs with a higher probability.
By the way, monophasic COCs allow, if necessary, "defer" next menstruation. To achieve this effect, you should start taking pills of the next pack of contraceptive phase immediately after the previous ended. In addition, KOC provides emergency contraception.
Disadvantages
In addition a number of advantages described data control means have several drawbacks. First of all, it is likely to reduce the contraceptive effect in the case of interaction with some medical drugs. Some women are quite difficult to ensure the accuracy and regularity in the pill. Thus passes the pills increase the risk of unwanted pregnancy. As a side effect when taking the same drugs can manifest amenorrhea . intermenstrual bleeding . decreased sexual desire . headache . mood swings . pain in the chest . body weight gain . vomiting . nausea . However, all these phenomena occur, usually in the first few months of taking the pills, and then they disappear immediately after the complete adaptation to COCs.
A significant disadvantage when taking such drugs as contraceptives is the lack of protection during sexual intercourse, both from AIDS And by diseases that indulge in sexually .
Contraindications
There are few absolute contraindications, where oral contraceptives are not applied strictly. This pregnancy or the suspicion that conception has already occurred; period after birth when a woman is breastfeeding, or the first six months after birth; disease and hepatic tumors; pituitary tumors; cardiovascular disease; mammary cancer; progressive form Diabetes ; a number of mental disorders.
As a relative contraindications determined hypertension . obesity . varicosity . active smoking A tendency to depression . Acceptance of the contraceptive pill is stopped so one month before the scheduled surgery, as well as some pre- antibiotics . In all these cases, women are advised to use hormonal contraceptives .
What if a woman does not take a pill on time?
Despite the fact that the timely passage of taking the pill as soon as the risk of conception, the woman is not necessary in this case to panic. The tablet should be taken immediately as soon as possible. If omissions receiving just happened in the days of the expected ovulation, the best solution is to use an additional method of contraception until the day of the next menstruation. However, current COC act on the body in such a way that the omission of one tablet for 12 hours on the contraceptive effect is not affected. When skipping two tablets should be as soon as possible to take two forgotten tablets, and the next day - two. It is important to use an additional method of protection. Such changes can provoke bleeding that arise as a consequence of the high concentration of hormones. After a few days this side effect disappears.
If the reception was missed three or more pills, then in that case, you should go for additional methods of contraception, and COCs has re-start, with the first day of the month. Therefore, each woman before the start of the reception of contraceptives should carefully consider whether it can ensure a regular intake of the drug, since the irregular and indiscriminate acceptance of such tablets may adversely affect the health of the woman.
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