Adenoids

May 13, 2011

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Adenoid growths   (in common parlance - "Adenoids" ) - One of the most common ENT diseases in children. As a rule, it occurs between the ages 3-10 years. The disease is reflected in the increase (hypertrophy) pharyngeal tonsils, which is anatomically located on the rear wall of the upper nasopharynx.

Taking into account that in this age there is an active growth and development of the child, the disease can have a number of negative consequences. The adenoids can lead to chronic diseases that have plagued human lifetime. Children who have adenoid growths, may lag behind in the development of their peers.

As a way of adenoids

Pharyngeal tonsil   - One of the important parts of anatomical education, so-called lymphoid ring Pirogova-Waldeyer. This - a sort of barrier for penetration into the body of a bacterial infection. Lymphoid tissue, which mainly consists of the pharyngeal tonsil, prevents the penetration of pathogens during inhalation or ingestion.

Tonsil increases in proportion to the body dimensions in order to ensure its normal operation. However, high levels of bacterial contamination, the failure of the immune system in childhood lead to what is happening compensatory increase in the number of immune cells, which can not provide quality protection against the invasion of infection.

Further progression of the growth process pharyngeal tonsils can lead to a pathological state. In this process there are three stages which define the course of the disease and the treatment strategy. In the 1st stage of the enlarged tonsil closes only the upper part of the nasal passages, the 2nd stage, the closure of most of the nasal passages, the 3rd stage has been observed for the complete closure of the nasal passages.

Symptoms of hypertrophy of pharyngeal tonsil and adenoid diagnosis

At the initial stage, when symptoms are just beginning to emerge of the adenoids, nasal breathing is difficult, there is snoring   at night, after the children begin to breathe only a mouth. It could change the tone of voice: buy twang, to become very thin, unpleasant.

Typically, there are nasal discharge, which may be of mucous and purulent. You may experience hearing loss. Violated and general condition of the child: there are fatigue, tearfulness, sleep disturbances and appetite, pallor. It is also possible involuntary urination at night. In the course of the disease symptoms of the adenoids become more visible.

If you find your child described symptoms of adenoids Preferably refer to a specialist as early as possible to avoid further complications. It is necessary to determine the degree of proliferation of pharyngeal tonsil to address the issue of a possible surgical intervention.

Accurate diagnosis of adenoids in most cases is possible with the conventional survey at the ENT doctor and holding an indirect rinoskopii - examination using a special small mirror (often enlarged tonsils can be seen through the nose). Inspection usually does not cause discomfort or pain. Sometimes, if necessary, may resort to the X-ray examination of the skull in lateral projection.

Causes of the adenoids

Increased pharyngeal tonsil, serving as a barrier to penetration of bacteria, transformed into a hotbed of chronic infection. This leads to increased susceptibility of an organism to various foreign agent - both bacterial and non-bacterial origin, so called allergens.

This "willingness allergic" leads to the further development of the inflammatory process, one component of which is the further expansion of the pharyngeal tonsil tissue. There is a "vicious circle" of chronic infections and allergies.

Chronic infection has a general toxic effect on the body. Increased pharyngeal tonsil closes the flow of air through the holes in the nasopharynx. Nasal breathing is replaced by mouth breathing, while the incoming air is not humidified, warmed and cleared. It provokes frequent colds: sinusitis . tonsillitis   ( angina ) pharyngitis . laryngitis . tracheitis .

Prevention adenoids

The disease largely depends on the individual. Therefore, prevention of the adenoids is usually nonspecific. First of all, it is necessary to eliminate the lesions of a chronic infection (e.g. genyantritis . rhinitis , Tonsillitis). The important point is the correct implementation of hygiene procedures.

So, while "blowing your nose," you need to turn the baby to pinch one nostril, then the other. Otherwise, while closing both nostrils during the expiratory reinforced, air within it with microorganisms, permeates through the auditory tube to the middle ear cavity, and may cause inflammatory disease - otitis media .

After cleaning the nasal passages, used vasoconstrictor drops (eg nazivin . Otrivin   et al.) to improve nasal breathing. Drops are usually not recommended for a long time.

One method, which involves prevention of adenoids is hardening, and breathing exercises. To avoid complications it is necessary to systematically carry out preventive measures and carry out assignments made Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology.

Complications adenoids

When adenoids children often suffer from chronic vasomotor rhinitis, sinusitis, evstaheitom, otitis media, bronchitis . asthma But it's not the only complication adenoids. Adenoids also lead to neurological disorders (headache, dizziness , Sleep disturbances, bedwetting, epilepsy , Disorders of the cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract).

This is due to a violation of nasal breathing, the occurrence of stagnation, impeding the outflow of venous blood and lymph from the cranial cavity, nerve reflex mechanism, disorders of the autonomic nervous system (development vegetative-vascular dystonia ).

Treatment of adenoids

Maybe Conservative   (no surgery), and adenoids surgery . With a slight increase in pharyngeal tonsil and rare complications may conduct comprehensive treatment that combines the use of drugs, conducting physical therapy, hardening, breathing exercises, nasal lavage with special disinfectants.

The main objective pursued by the treatment of adenoids - normalization of nasal breathing . You can use a short time drops in the nose ( nazivin . Otrivin . pinosol ). It should be systematically observed in the otolaryngologist.

But often still have to resort to adenotomy Is the surgical removal of the tonsils. The operation can be performed under local anesthesia or under general anesthesia. The choice of anesthesia depends on the method of operation (cryosurgery, laser, endoscopy). An important aspect - it "sensibility" and the child's emotional state.

Children with severe emotional lability or nervous, fearful of impending intervention in any case should not be carried adenoektomiyu "profit", as this may cause the child severe psychological trauma. The very brief tonsillectomy is an operation that takes only a few minutes, and in favorable cases, the little patient to go home the next day after the operation.

The most important in the operation regardless of the method implementation ( laser . endoscopic . traditional ) Is the most adequate pharyngeal tonsil tissue removal, as the remaining lymphoid tissue can produce relapses. This is because in the course of the operation (because the shape of the nasopharynx at all different) can not remain removed some of the adenoids, which begins to grow.