Anal fissure

June 13, 2011

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Anal fissure   - Defect in the mucosa between the dentate line and the edge of the anal canal. In most cases, such a defect is a fracture, wounds or sores linear or rectangular shape not greater than 1-2 cm in length. Localized crack most of the anal canal posterior commissure, much less on the front and side walls. The disease is the third most frequent among the diseases of the colon after colitis   and Hemorrhoids . 60% of women of working age patients. Causes of cracks in the anal canal are considered frequent diarrhea, constipation Heavy physical work, prolonged sitting or standing, intake of spicy food and alcohol. The reasons of occurrence and may include mechanical damage, cardiovascular disorders, changes in perianal epithelium.

Symptoms of anal fissure

The main symptom of the occurrence of this defect pain during and after a bowel movement, which lasts from a few minutes to a few hours. Ulcer or wound causes a spasm of the sphincter, which in turn gives her heal, thereby enhancing pain. This is related to the duration of the current and long-term treatment of anal fissure. For the duration of the disease distinguish acute   and chronic   stage. If within one month of the disease is believed that proceeds acute stage, more than a month comes the chronic stage.

Acute anal fissure is characterized by pain during defecation. Patients tend to delay the next defecation than the cause of constipation. Constipation in turn complicates the disease course. Acute anal fissure has a slit-like shape with smooth edges. The bottom of the crack is a sphincter muscle. Gradually, with the passage of the disease and the bottom edge of the cracks covered by a fibrous plaque. Such symptoms of anal fissure, as minor bleeding   and spasm during defecation occurs from trauma fracture walls.

Chronic anal fissure is formed as a result of trophic changes in tissue at the edges of wounds or sores. In the area of ​​the crack with the inner and outer edges of hillocks appear excess tissue, which in turn can form fibrous polyp . Chronic anal fissure is characterized by prolonged pain after defecation. Bleeding small as in acute fracture. Heavy bleeding may indicate the presence of other concomitant diseases, it might be hemorrhoids, fistula   rectum or swelling. The disease may be associated with pruritus ani, proctitis, proctosigmoiditis.

Anal fissures hemorrhoids

Very often there is a situation when the passing is complicated by anal fissure hemorrhoids. Symptoms of the disease favor long-term pain that can remain until the next bowel movement. Stronger bleeding than in the normal course of the disease. In such cases, treatment is carried out surgically by removal of hemorrhoids and excision of land on which the crack. At the same time during the postoperative period is different from post-operative rehabilitation in an operated hemorrhoids.

Complications of anal fissure can be severe pain, bleeding and permanent acute abscess . Paraproctitis occurs because of infection in the tissue through a defect adrectal mucosa.

Treatment for anal fissure

For successful treatment it is important to adhere to the doctor's recommendations on hygiene, physical activity and nutrition. Acute anal fissure without the expressed pain syndrome can be successfully treated conservatively. At the same time excluded from the diet of the patient's acute food and alcohol.

Appointed oil enema to facilitate defecation. Without the fulfillment of the instructions of the doctor medical therapy does not bring healing and forms of chronic anal fissure.

Treatment for anal fissure in the chronic stage, a radical method. Surgical treatment is excision cracks to form in its place clean wounds. After excision of scarring conducted drug therapy for fast healing of surgical wounds.

When severe pain and spasm of the sphincter of use poluoperativny method . The soft tissue located between the sacrum and coccyx to inject anesthetic   for relaxation and pain relief throughout the rectal area. Then for 5-7 minutes into the anal canal to introduce a special pnevmobalonchik spasmolysis. In the early stages after such a procedure anal fissure heals on its own within a week.