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Rickets - A disease that mainly develops in a person's childhood and infancy. This disease is known to mankind for a long time. Thus, the mention of this illness have been found in the manuscripts of the ancient physicians. The first clear symptoms of rickets were described in the seventeenth century in England. By the way, British doctors call this disease " misty disease ", As rickets is most often seen in children of working people who constantly live in the smog, it arises from the smoking factories. Yet the real cause of the disease has been identified only 1980s .
The term " rickets "Comes from the Greek word" spine ". The disease is relatively common among children. When rickets broken bone formation. This is due to the deficiency in the body calcium-phosphorus metabolism . Signs of rickets in children are found in all countries of the world. However, most developing rickets in infants in the Nordic countries, where very little sunlight. Some modern scholars argue that rickets varying severity sick more than half of the children. In most cases the disease is diagnosed in infants who were born in the fall and winter.
In countries with well-developed medicine, being clear prevention of this disease, and children receive adequate treatment as soon as the first signs of rickets. However, after a radiographic examination in children may reveal the hidden signs of rickets, which is difficult to notice during the inspection or on the photo.
If a person suffered rickets in infancy, the consequences of the disease remain for life. Rickets had been ill person remains incorrect posture . flatfoot Present deformation of the pelvic bones . myopia . Also in adulthood develop dental disease, in particular, caries . But if a person has a child there was only mild rickets, that such effects are not observed.
Causes of rickets
It means a lot in the formation of bone tissue Vitamin D Since without it the body can not absorb calcium. Accordingly, the mineral, which is the main material for the structure of the bone tissue does not enter the bone. Consequently, a lack of vitamin D in the body is considered the main cause of rickets. But recently, it has become possible to determine the concentration of vitamin D metabolites in the blood. As a consequence, it was found that vitamin D deficiency is just one of the causes of rickets. Today experts say that the main reason is the lack of rickets Phosphates and calcium While priority is hypophosphatemia .
In infants and children at an early age is determined by a number of reasons for which the body can be observed a lack of calcium and phosphate. First of all, the birth of a baby is premature, as the phosphorus and calcium most active is delivered to the child is in the last trimester pregnancy .
After the birth of a lack of calcium and phosphorus in the body can occur due to improper feeding baby. Due to the fact that rickets considered a disease organism that grows higher need for minerals is, when there is a period of intense growth of the child.
The reason for shortage of these minerals are also sometimes becomes a violation of their transport in the kidney, liver, gastrointestinal tract, bones. This is due to either of these diseases because of the immaturity of enzyme systems. In addition, the cause of rickets could be a bad environmental situation, disruptions to the endocrine system and the genetic predisposition to the disease. Rickets smuglokozhih often ill children, those with blood group II (A), rickets diagnosed in boys more often than girls.
Symptoms of rickets
Symptoms of rickets first become noticeable in children aged two to three months. If the parents are closely watching the baby, they can disturb the fact that the child began to show anxiety, afraid of bright lights and loud noises. Rickets in infants manifest sleep disturbance: a baby is sleeping very anxious and restless. There is a constant sweating: the child's head is sweating face. This pot has a distinct sour smell. Rickets in children under one year is shown by the fact that at the head of the child gradually appears bald, because baby constantly rubbing against the neck pillow. This is an important feature, which can be determined by inspection and even a photo.
In the development of the disease symptoms of rickets in infants become more varied and severe. The kid is poor appetite, muscle tone decreases. The edges of a large fontanelle, which remains open in newborns, become soft. On the edges of infants suffering from rickets, observed thickening. Parents important not to miss this period and to consult with your doctor about how to treat rickets. Typically, an expert assigns the necessary preparations. Otherwise, a six-month age the disease progresses to a more serious degree. Then it is already marked neuromuscular disorders show signs of delays in physical and mental development. The bones of the skull in a sick child are softened and flattened back of the head.
Sometimes the bone grows in the forehead and crown appear bumps and wrists and ribs appear noticeable thickening. Severe cases of rickets in infants expresses the change in the chest: it is deformed and pressed or bulges. There is bending the legs, narrow pelvis.
Rickets in adults as in children has multiple periods. It is also determined by three degrees of severity of rickets - hidden . the average degree . severe degree . By the nature of the disease stands sharp . subacute and palindromic rickets.
Diagnosis of rickets
To diagnose rickets expert can after detailed examination with a clinical picture of the disease. Furthermore, blood tests to determine the levels of calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase activity. If the activity is increased, then this is the earliest sign of the disease. Moreover, it can be detected before symptoms manifest visible disease. Also sometimes it appointed a urine test to determine the concentration of calcium in it. The study also assigned to conduct X-ray examination of bones of the child.
Treatment of rickets
To effectively cure the disease, action should be taken immediately after diagnosis. The most important point is the saturation of the body of a sick child or adult fluorine . calcium and Vitamin D . Since the treatment of rickets in children, parents should be aware that one of the important points of therapy is to stay regular kid on the street, when the sun is high. Note, however, that if there are signs of rickets in a child who is not yet one year old, in the summer this kid can not be exposed to direct sunlight. Artificial ultraviolet irradiation is also contraindicated. But the child after a year, you can occasionally take a sun bath, but only a limited amount of time. During the summer, to get a sufficient dose of vitamin child enough to walk on the street about 20 minutes to dress with short sleeves. But in the autumn and winter babies can be taken out into the street for an indefinite period.
Parents who note signs of rickets in children, should be taken very carefully to the organization of the diet. Foods rich in the vitamin D, is cod liver, halibut. Calcium is contained in a variety of dairy products, green vegetables.
Every day, the child should receive Vitamin D dose 400 IU . Without sufficient amounts of this vitamin, calcium is not absorbed in the intestine. Therefore, treatment and prevention of rickets provides its reception. In the treatment of the disease, experts recommend taking preparations containing Vitamin D3 , so how vitamin D2 digested worse. The aqueous solution of vitamin D3 - is a medical drug " Akvadetrim ". It is given to children who have attained 3-4 weeks. Take the drug 1-2 drops per day. However, finding the symptoms of rickets in children whose parents do not have to make a decision about taking the drug with vitamin D, since an overdose can have negative consequences for the organism. To determine how to treat rickets, in each case it can only be a specialist after diagnosis and examination of the child. Neither the stories of parents or photo to pinpoint features of the disease is impossible.
An important part of treatment is a non-specific treatment. First of all, breast feeding the baby, the correct mode of the day, a massage, gymnastics, hardening, etc. If the treatment of rickets started on time and at the same time carried out correctly, the symptoms gradually disappear, and the consequences of the disease do not manifest themselves later.
Prevention of rickets
The fact that the baby can get sick rickets, the expectant mother should think about it during pregnancy. Therefore, prevention of rickets begins during fetal development. A pregnant woman should have a balanced diet. Every day you need to eat vegetables, meat, dairy products. For a pregnant woman is important the correct mode of the day, gymnastics, treatment toxemia Anemia. Throughout the period of gestation of the child must take vitamin complexes, which picks up a doctor. Expectant mother should do everything to ensure that the fetus develops harmoniously.
Young mother must continue to take vitamins, but choose them only after consulting your doctor. It is important that, at least up to six months old child received breast milk, as trace elements that it contains, are well absorbed. Breastfeeding fully satisfies the need of the child in trace elements and vitamins. Sometimes, if necessary, the pediatrician may prescribe reception Multivitamins directly to the kid.
When it comes to foods, as the introduction of new products periodically to give the child meals with foods that contain large amounts of vitamin D. This eggs . fish . butter . greens . From about 7 months, the child can be given cheese, meat. A month later, it can be gradually introduced into the diet of fish. It is particularly important to ensure a sufficient amount of vitamin D and trace children who reside on the artificial and mixed feeding. We should pay careful attention to the selection of compounds for feeding. It is important that they contained a delivery and a balanced amount of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D. With the right approach to the prevention of the disease can be avoided.
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