Osteoporosis

October 5, 2011

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The disease, which is characterized by loss the elasticity and strength of bone Thinning and fragility, which leads to the fact that they can easily break, called osteoporosis That means " bone loss ". Osteoporosis is ranked fourth in the world in terms of prevalence, after cardiovascular diseases and cancer, as well as Diabetes .

The disease has a distinct character of the age, that is, at risk are women and men over 55 years. It is the cause of the disease hip fracture Which is common in women after 60 years. Osteoporosis occurs when dysregulation mineral content, especially Calcium   bone. In osteoporosis the bone break even with small injuries, for example, the fall in the winter season, and the vertebrae may break even as a result of heavy lifting. Fractures very bad fuse. Complications often lead to osteoporosis disability .

In normal development, bone is constantly being destroyed and restored again, and if failure occurs faster upgrade, develop osteoporosis.

Causes of Osteoporosis

Factors that influence the development of the disease is quite a lot. Among them are dressed following causes of osteoporosis:

• low physical activity, sedentary lifestyle;
• poor diet, lack of vitamins;
• abnormalities in the pancreas and thyroid glands;
• smoking, excessive alcohol consumption;
• use of hormones;
• impairment of the function of the ovaries;
• hormonal disorders during Menopause .

Types of osteoporosis

The most common classification of disease based on the fact of any minerals or substances is lacking in the body, which leads to the development of disease.

According to this classification Crafted osteoporosis following:

• postmenopausal Which is caused by deficiencies in the body of a woman hormone Estrogen Involved in the regulation of calcium metabolism;
• senile   (or senile ) Occurs at age lack of calcium, usually after 70 years;
• secondary osteoporosis   It arises as a consequence of other diseases, such as chronic kidney disease, hormonal disorders, diabetes, radiation injuries and chronic administration of certain drugs ( corticosteroids . anticonvulsants ).

Bone fractures caused by osteoporosis affects one in three women over the age of 60 years. There are several factors that contribute to the development of the disease. Among them are women aged over 65 who have relatives with the disease. As well as having some endocrine diseases, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis . hyperthyroidism , Chronic renal failure, low weight (less than 60 kg) and slightly built, early menopause and lower bone mineral density. Also, the risk factors include smoking, excessive consumption of alcohol and coffee, low physical activity, vitamin D, taking certain drugs, mainly hormones.

Symptoms of osteoporosis

Normally, a decrease in bone density occur slowly, and the disease is asymptomatic (especially senile osteoporosis). However, patients can be confusing pain in the bones when the weather changes, changes in posture, brittle nails and hair, and tooth decay.

The main symptoms of osteoporosis occur when the bone is already heavily thinned. Can Disturb "aching" pain in the lumbar and thoracic when performing static work   (while sitting), a decrease in growth due to the subsidence of the vertebrae, which leads to a change in posture, periodontal disease at , Early graying, intervertebral hernia, tachycardia, separation and brittle nails, night cramps in the legs. You may receive a so-called " widow's hump "Ie rachiocampsis   forward. When such symptoms without waiting for fractures, it is best to consult a doctor.

Particularly susceptible to fractures of the spine and hip. Fractures hip . forearm . wrist   It is the most common. Fractures usually occur at very small lesions, and heal very slowly. Fractures are usually accompanied by severe pain, swelling, violation of motor activity.

Diagnosis of osteoporosis

Typically, patients treated with a fracture to the doctor, and the diagnosis of osteoporosis is based on data from the inspection of the fracture and the results of X-ray examination of the bone. The data radiographs   allow to define osteoporosis, when he lost more than 20% bone.

However, you can determine the diagnosis and to assess the fracture by bone density. The most accurate method of measuring bone density is the method X-ray absorptiometry . It is conducted for women at risk for osteoporosis, it is completely painless and is irradiated with a lower dose than conventional X-rays. With it you can measure the mineral content in the bones.

Ostedensitometriya   to evaluate bone density, and computed tomography   - To assess its condition, and these studies help to identify the disease in its early stages, yet there is no fracture. These findings help the physician to choose the appropriate treatment is effective.

Treatment of osteoporosis

Prevent the disease is much easier than to treat it. The treatment is much more expensive than the prevention of osteoporosis, and it can only improve bone calcium supplementation combined with intake of vitamin D. For the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis is prescribed reception bisphosphonates . fluorides   and calcitonin .

Bisphosphonates ( Aklasta . Bonviva . alendronate sodium ) Rather expensive medicines which are effective in the treatment of osteoporosis. Women may also be given treatment osteoporosis replacement therapy, estrogens, are capable of delaying the development of the disease. Calcitonin   ( Miakaltsik ) Intramuscularly or as an aerosol administered to those who have vertebral fractures. Fluorine compounds affect bone density, but this fabric is fragile. Teriparatide   enhances bone formation, and strontium salt   a beneficial effect on bone. Men are prescribed calcium and vitamin D .

For fractures of the wrist impose plaster, while hip fractures usually held prosthetic femoral . If broken vertebrae, appoint immobilization   and physiotherapy But often the pain remains for a long time. In addition to the use of prescribed medication corsets That support back.

Prevention of osteoporosis

To prevent the disease need to care about the bones from a young age. There should be no risk factors for the disease, do not smoke or abuse alcohol, make sure that the daily rate of calcium was not less than 1,000 mg. To do this, the diet includes dairy products (milk, cottage cheese, yogurt), vegetables, cabbage, nuts, dried apricots, prunes, fish (salmon, sardines with bones). or prescribers calcium, they often contain more and Vitamin D . Vitamin D also contained in the yolk, fish oil, and liver. Meals should be balanced.

Increase bone density promote regular exercise, such as jogging, walking, aerobics, dancing, tennis and climbing stairs, as well as special exercises, in which the load is on the bone. We should avoid strenuous exercise, which can lead to personal injury and loss of excess body fat - to disruption of the menstrual cycle and early menopause. It should happen more often in the sun, because the sun's rays affect the production of vitamin D. Women should keep track of their menstrual cycle, to visit gynecologist .

Complications of osteoporosis

Among the major complications of osteoporosis can be noted private limb fractures that bad fuse. Fractures of the femoral neck or spine can lead to disability.