July 6, 2011
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Since the exact date of conception is difficult to determine, among obstetricians accepted to count pregnancy from the first day of last menstrual period, the length of it is 280 days or 40 weeks. The first month of pregnancy One of the most important. What happens in the body at this time?
During each menstrual cycle matures 20 or slightly more eggs during the second week of them is determined "Leader" - One or several eggs in special bottle, which is called graafovym Protruding above the surface of the ovary. By the 14th day of the cycle, the bubble bursts and the egg is released from the ovary. This period is called ovulation . If there is a meeting of the egg with the sperm - fertilization - Pregnancy occurs. At this point in the shell of the egg starts a chemical process that prevents other sperm get inside. Sperm inside the egg begins, dissolves, its core is combined with egg nucleus, as a result of this genetic information consists of father and mother.
On-site graafova bubble appears a small pouch with a liquid called luteum Wherein begin to develop blood vessels to produce various hormones, primarily progesterone . These hormones are necessary for the preservation and maintenance of pregnancy at an early stage. Early toxicosis, as signs of pregnancy is associated with the functioning of the corpus luteum. Observations show that in the 16th week, when the function of the corpus luteum takes over the placenta, early toxicosis usually disappear.
After the merger of the egg with the sperm is formed a single-celled embryo - zygote . Which starts hard to share. Within 30 hours, the cells were divided into 2, and after 10 hours they have already 4, the end of the week the number of cells reaches 250. The shape of the embryo at this time resembles a ball, and the embryo is called a blastotsistoys size of 0, 1-0, 2 mm.
By the 7th day of the formed cell mass is divided into 2 parts: the germ-knot and the surrounding surface layer. Reaching into the uterus, the embryo attaches to the wall, from which he now receives food and oxygen.
By the 14th day of embryonic cells were split into two layers, and by the end of the third week between the third layer is formed. These layers are called germinal petals are subsequently begin to develop certain tissues and organs.
At the same time laid chord From it further develop child's spine. At 17-19 days of gestation in the bud from the middle layer formed blood vessels, and three days later there is a heart that has a first form of a tube. On day 23 heart is reduced and at the same time beginning to emerge finally formed its shape, cavities, valves, intracardiac baffles.
Is the formation of arterial and venous vascular system. From this layer are formed the muscles, bones, genitals, and the inner layer are formed pochki.Iz digestive and respiratory systems, from the external - the skin and nerves.
At the 4 th week of pregnancy are very important form extraembryonic organs - chorion and amnion From which then it is important for the sustenance of the embryo organs - the placenta and amniotic bubble in which the child will live up to the birth.
By the end the first month of pregnancy there is a complete implantation, ie, implementation of the ovum in the uterine wall. By this time, swells and seals the cervix to prevent ingress of any infection. The uterus reaches the size of a hen's egg. Since that time and up to the 10th week the fetus is called an embryo. His power is completely dependent on the mother. Formed head of the embryo. At this point, the child has a size of about 0, 5-1 mm.
Test and diagnosis of pregnancy
In the 1st or 2nd day of missed period at home can be done strip pregnancy test . It is up to 99, 8% define pregnancy. Finding all home pregnancy test performed on the urine in the urine is determined by the presence of hormone hCG - Human chorionic gonadotropin. The test is very simple, carefully read the instructions, in a container of urine for some time (indicated on the package), lower the strip up to the marked level, then lay for a few minutes on a dry surface and wait for the result. If two strips of red - the pregnancy is confirmed.
Often indirect signs of early pregnancy manifested by a slight increase and solidification of the mammary glands, their appearance in a little pain, occurrence of morning sickness or vomiting, changes in weight. There may be hypersensitive to certain odors, irritability, tearfulness, drowsiness.
Indications home rapid test should be as soon as possible to check the laboratory through to the women's clinic. Also, you must visit the gynecologist if the test showed no pregnancy, and menstruation has not appeared. The hospital is assigned a blood test, urine tests, ultrasound. All analyzes in the direction of a doctor in the antenatal clinics are free of charge.
Registration
After early pregnancy was confirmed, it is necessary to register pregnant women by a gynecologist at the antenatal clinic, the clinic paid or family planning center. The doctor will fill the individual card, which will indicate all necessary information:
- Disclose medical information - Surgeries and serious diseases, chronic illnesses, employed at the time of conception drugs, the presence of allergic reactions.
- Gynecological and Obstetrical information : The time of onset of the first month, the duration of the menstrual cycle, its regularity, the presence of the character during the last pregnancy, the presence and the number of abortions.
- Family history : The presence of genetic and chronic diseases from their parents and close relatives.
- Social data on pregnant : Age, occupation, the presence of harmful habits (smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol), gymnastics, diet, etc.
In order to ensure a correct observation, and therefore more successful course of pregnancy, you need to trust your doctor and tell him all the required information.
Further, to determine gestational age are diagnosed pregnancy, the gynecologist will evaluate the uterus and cervix, and then assign additional medical examination, which is necessary to pass. These include:
- measurement of blood pressure. It is made in each visit to the doctor;
- examination of the heart, chest, abdomen, fluorography;
- examination of the vulva, vagina and cervix, pelvic organs,
- assessment of the size of the pelvic bone;
- measuring height and weight;
- pass the inspection of the feet to identify tumors and other entities;
- examination by a dentist.
In addition, it is absolutely necessary to conduct the following laboratory tests:
- general blood analysis and urine;
- a blood test to determine blood group and Rh factor;
- blood tests for TORCH-complex (immunity Rubella );
- genetic tests;
- cytological smears to detect cervical disease (particularly cancer);
- test for diabetes;
- tests for the detection of various dangerous infections: syphilis , HIV infection,
- hepatitis . Chlamydia . gonorrhea .
Individually doctor may prescribe additional examinations.
Signs of the first month of pregnancy
In the first month of pregnancy may occur depression But most often for depression take banal mood swings during pregnancy, due to changes in hormonal levels. There is a depression in pregnancy in emotionally unstable personality and is expressed in the bad state of health, violation of appetite and sleep. It should follow the diet, limit or stop the use of sugar, coffee, chocolate; optimal combination of time of rest and wakefulness, to establish a positive emotional background of the family.
Sometimes in the morning there are signs of pregnancy such as nausea or vomiting. In some cases, they can be considered complications because they harm the body of the mother. This may be caused by the following reasons:
- stretching the muscles of the uterus;
- High levels of the hormone hCG in the blood;
- poor digestion and (or) the weakening of the muscles of the esophagus;
- raising pH in the stomach;
- physical and psychological fatigue.
For easing nausea necessary, after consultation with the doctor, to go on a diet rich in proteins and carbohydrates, which helps to improve digestion in a pregnancy. Eat more fluid in the form of juices, soups, broths, eat more vegetables and fruits in fresh form, especially melons, citrus fruits, salads. Be sure to enter into the diet of B vitamins food consumed in small portions.
Not overloading the stomach, but not experiencing hunger, from which it is possible nausea. Be sure to observe the regime of the day. Maintain cleanliness in the mouth.
Quite frequent during the first month of pregnancy - increased salivation . Then he disappears completely. It helps mouthwash decoction of mint or mint water. When the strong salivation, when there are signs of dehydration, apply medication, physical therapy, psychotherapy. In severe cases, hospitalization is possible.
Frequent urination as a sign of early pregnancy may be due to the increased pressure increases the uterus on the bladder. Frequent urination is recommended in the process of emptying lean forward, it helps to release the full bladder. If you are very concerned about the night the urge, you need to limit your fluid intake after 16 hours.
The increasing number of hormones estrogen and progesterone, which is produced by the body during pregnancy, causing changes in the breast. They nagrubayut become sensitive, you may experience pain. The rim around the nipple becomes larger and darker, there is venous network, chest greatly increased in size. Pregnant women need to be aware of - are natural signs of pregnancy, and an indication that the body has started training women to breast-fed child.
The emergence of negative reactions to stress may arise from mood swings of women, as well as depression in pregnant women stress can manifest insomnia, loss of appetite, depression. Ways to deal with stress are as emotionally comforting, samotrenningah, observing the daily routine and diet.
Pathology and complications of pregnancy first month
Pathology that can occur in the first month of pregnancy, include ectopic or miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy.
Ectopic pregnancy - A pathology when fertilized egg begins to develop outside the uterus in a section of the fallopian tube, at least - in the abdomen, cervix or ovaries. In such cases, the embryo is implanted outside the uterine cavity, has no conditions for their growth and development and necessary power means, however, such pregnancy is terminated 6-8 weeks. This damaged or ruptured fallopian tubes, which can threaten the life of the pregnant woman.
Ectopic pregnancy may occur in women who had taken over a long period means to induce ovulation and improve fertility. There are other factors contributing to the occurrence of ectopic pregnancy:
- repeated interruption of pregnancy in the previous periods;
- inflammatory processes in the pelvis and occurrence of adhesions;
- surgical sterilization (tubal ligation);
- previous ectopic pregnancy;
- scarring after abdominal operations, and conducted operations on the ovaries.
The first thing that should alert pregnant, this sharp stabbing pain in the pelvis or abdomen. Other symptoms of ectopic pregnancy:
- vaginal bleeding, a few days before the acute pain may be slight bleeding or spotting;
- dizziness, weakness, pressure drops, weakening pulse, sometimes fainting;
- back pain;
- urging to stool.
Ectopic pregnancy - a very serious gynecological disease, life-threatening, it requires emergency medical attention. When one or more features, needs an urgent call ambulance.
Miscarriage - Quite a common complication, according to statistics it ends up 25% of all pregnancies, ie one in four early pregnancy. Most miscarriages happen before a woman learned of her pregnancy.
Miscarriages that occur in the first trimester, before 12 weeks are called early. Symptoms of miscarriage are different, and if the time to notice them, and seek medical care, pregnancy can be saved. The most important and dangerous symptom - bleeding and pain in the lower abdomen and lower back. When they occur, immediately call an ambulance.
You should also pay close attention to abdominal discomfort, cramping, the appearance of pain. Pregnancy complications can be avoided, but it should be well aware of the factors that may lead to it:
- violation of the hormonal balance. The excess of male hormones, or lack of progesterone can cause miscarriages. Affect the formation and development of the pregnancy and the hormones of the adrenal and thyroid glands. Early detection of the problem and hormonal drugs help keep the pregnancy;
- genetic abnormalities in the fetus can also lead to miscarriage. Typically, these violations are not hereditary, and are caused by single mutations that have occurred in the germ cells of the parents under the influence of environmental factors: viral diseases, harmful working conditions, radiation, etc. In such cases, miscarriage - a kind of natural selection result, the body's attempt to get rid of non-viable offspring;
- causes immunological character, such as Rhesus conflict . If the mother has Rh negative and the fetus inherits from his father is positive, the mother's body perceives it as a foreign body and rejects. In such cases, it helps progesterone supplementation, which has immunomodulatory effects;
- miscarriage can cause infections, sexually transmitted infections: chlamydia, syphilis, trichomoniasis , Toxoplasmosis, herpes and others. Pathogenic viruses and bacteria infect the fetus, affect the membranes, which leads to miscarriage. To avoid this, prudent advance of pregnancy, to carry out the examination and treatment of infections;
- previous abortions. Abortion - It is stressful for the body, which causes dysfunction of the adrenal glands and ovaries, a failure in their work;
- inflammatory and infectious diseases accompanied by fever and intoxication of the body: flu . sore throat . viral hepatitis , Measles, pneumonia, and other diseases that need to identify and treat before pregnancy;
- stress, long-term mental strain, fright, grief may contribute to unexpected miscarriage. It should discuss the problem with your doctor and make a decision about the possible reception of valid sedatives;
- unhealthy lifestyles pregnant, drinking, smoking, improper or inadequate diet, excessive consumption of coffee. It is correct lifestyle;
- effects of potent drugs and herbs, which can cause the formation of defects in the fetus or abortion. In the first trimester, and especially in the first month of pregnancy, it is advisable to abandon their reception. The danger may be even "harmless" plants like parsley, cornflower, St. John's wort, nettle and others;
- weight lifting, sexual intercourse, a fall can also cause miscarriage.
Pregnancy complications also occur corpus luteum cyst - Education, emerging in place of the corpus luteum. Most often, such education takes place independently for 18-20 weeks, but sometimes there is a cyst rupture, necessitating surgery. After the removal of cysts, pregnancy continues to flow smoothly.
Doctor's advice to women in the first month of pregnancy
Pregnancy - not a disease but a natural physiological process. If you meet certain conditions, and to listen to the recommendations of doctors, it flows well and ends with the birth of a healthy baby. To do this, you must comply with simple rules:
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