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Each body over time decreases the amount produced by white blood cells, including those in plasma cells The leukocyte- Responsible for the production of antibodies. Defects occur stem cells originating in these disorders, insufficient development of antigen leads to a significant reduction of T-cells, supporting the immune system. These changes affect the immune system, promote the development of malignant tumors. Disturbances in the pineal gland lead to a decrease in hormone secretion Melatonin That negatively affects the sleep-wake cycle, and the reproductive system.
Changes in the locomotor system
By the age-related changes in the locomotor system is a decrease in bone mineralization, which is the development of consequence osteoporosis . Increases the risk of fractures, cartilage disorders lead to deterioration of the flexibility of the spine, the abrasion of cartilage leads to a shortening of the growth, causes a change in posture and gait unsteadiness.
Changes of hematopoiesis
Age-related changes that occur in the blood, is directly related to the formation of uniform elements.
Aging humans leads to the fact that the bone marrow is gradually replaced by connective tissue and fat, the amount of active cell is decreased. In the body, comes a significant reduction in erythropoiesis disorders anticoagulation and blood clotting can lead to embolism thrombosis and increased risk of ischemic stroke . There endocardial thickening may develop coronary atherosclerosis, the risk of a heart attack as a result of increases.
Changes in respiratory organs
Age-related changes also affect the respiratory system, there is a significant expansion of the alveolar walls between which wear out and disappear, can develop emphysema . Reducing the amount of elastic fibers often leads to deterioration of elastic fabric, which consist of a person's lungs, its extensibility impaired, which leads to various Respiratory Diseases . Reduced lung capacity and the number of pulmonary capillaries, alveolar ventilation is deteriorated, thereby increasing the load on the respiratory system.
Changes in the digestive organs
Aging is displayed on the human digestive system. The small intestine is lengthened, and the intestinal wall loses tone, this leads to a decrease in the intensity of membrane digestion, mucous membrane of the digestive system virtually regenerated, leading to poor absorption of many nutrients. Age-related changes affect the liver and pancreas, reduces the activity of production of enzymes, as well as amylolytic . lipolytic and proteolytic activity .
There is stagnation of bile in the gallbladder human, increases the risk of stone formation. Even in middle age, changes occur in the motility of the esophagus, which often lead to the development of atrophic gastritis.
Violations of secretory and motor functions of the stomach leads to regular constipation . Disposal fats are fast enough, resulting in a large number of blood lipids appears significantly increased cholesterol levels, may be formed atherosclerotic plaques .
Changes in the excretory system
With age, reduced renal mass, renal blood flow is reduced, resulting in significantly reduced rate to glomerular filtration. Among the changes in the excretory system is frequently observed in men prostate adenoma. The walls of the urinary tract lose elasticity, there is a risk that the reflux of urine, and the urethra extends infection often occurs in the elderly urinary incontinence .
Changes in skin
The most visible sign of aging are changes in the skin, this process is affected by dilation of the veins and arterioles obliteration. Due to exposure to sunlight on the skin often appear altered pigmentation spots, called dermatoheliosis . The most noticeable changes in the skin such as sagging skin, wrinkles and the appearance of dry skin. The manifestations of aging and affects the hair, they change color pigments are no longer produced, many hair loss begins. Nails become brittle, their transparency is violated, many observed thickening of the nail plate.
Changes in reproductive function
In women, other changes occur in the age of fifty are characterized by symptoms of old age menopause , The muscles of the vagina, vulva and urethra atrophy. Climax women in most cases is accompanied by frequent depressions, constant mood changes, irritability, a manifestation.
Changes of the endocrine system
With age begin various disorders of the endocrine system, changes the structure of hormones, their activity is markedly reduced activity of TSH becomes very low, there are significant changes in molecular weight. The muscle is supplied a minor amount of glucose in the blood to produce less insulin, which causes the risk of Diabetes .
Changes in sensory systems
Hearing impairment - One of the signs of the onset of old age occurs due to a substantial increase in the stiffness of the basilar membrane. Organ of Corti atrophy, metabolic failure occurs, which inevitably leads to the degeneration of the thinning of the vascular strip. Neurons in the sensory systems gradually die, so the human ear is no longer able to fully handle a variety of audio information.
Reduced elasticity lens leads to poor vision, the lens becomes cloudy, and at its abnormal changes may occur cataract Leading to blindness. The cornea is often a so-called "Senile arc" , The appearance of which is significantly influenced by changes in lipids, many observed violation of aqueous humor due to the deterioration of its circulation. Macular pigment epithelium occurs usually after the age of seventy-five.
These age-related changes often affect a bad review of all remote sites. Reduced sensitivity of the eye, increasing Intraocular pressure often leads to Glaucoma or atrophy of the optic nerve. There is a change in taste, the number of taste buds in the front of the tongue is steadily decreasing, produced very small amounts of saliva.
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