Cataract

March 26, 2012

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Cataracts   - Is an eye disease that is most common among the elderly. The lens of the human eye is a kind of "natural lens", which transmits and refracts light rays. It is a human eyeball and is located between the vitreous body and iris. When a person is young, its lens is flexible and transparent. As a consequence, the shape of the lens can be modified without problems, and vision is excellent and focuses on near, and distant objects.

When the process of cataracts or partial or complete opacification of the lens. Therefore, transparency of the lens are lost, and the eye can not get all the light rays. In this case, vision deteriorates, the objects seen by people, become blurred and indistinct. Over time, the disease progresses, resulting in blurred takes over a vast area. And if the treatment is not made on time, the person will be able to lose sight entirely.

The disease can affect people of any age. At the same time there are several different forms of cataract: Congenital . Complicated . traumatic . radiation And cataracts, which provoke common diseases. However, most patients are diagnosed age-related cataract   - Illness, typical of people who crossed the fifty-year milestone. There is evidence that in the world suffer from cataract about 17 million people.

Symptoms of cataract

In the process of developing cataracts changing the biochemical composition of the lens deteriorates the blood supply and nutrition. Due to these processes, the lens becomes opaque and more dense. As a result, as a result of contact with eyes only a small portion of the light rays the patient sees a lot worse, seeing the surrounding objects like "wrapped in swaddling clothes."

The first symptoms of cataracts may be individual for each patient. However, the most common symptoms of cataract is blurred vision, a significant deterioration of the night. The patient often flashed before the eyes of strokes, stains, strips, he noted the high sensitivity to bright light. Gradually the person becomes difficult to read the fine print, sew, do other fine work. Furthermore, symptoms of a cataract double vision , Poor color perception, distortion of visible objects. This person with cataracts, with great difficulty, selects the right glasses.

Cataracts develop slowly, and its progression during the pupil person gradually acquires gray, greyish-white or pure white color. Depending on how rapidly progressing blurred, visual acuity reduced cataract patients. Cataract patients often complain of a special light sensitivity, noting that the environment has become more dull.

Depending on how pronounced turbidity and correspondingly decreased vision, cataract secrete several stages: primary . expressed . mature . overripe .

Causes Cataract

The main cause of cataract is the aging manifestations of the human body, due to which there is a range of disorders of the endocrine nature. Violated metabolism It manifested beriberi . diabetes   and other diseases. In addition, the causes of cataract is considered to be the effect of family history, a variety of eye diseases, injuries, prolonged therapy with certain drugs. The cause of cataracts and eye diseases often - glaucoma . myopia   high degrees, and others. The negative impact may also have a microwave and ultraviolet irradiation, high radiation, environmental factor, the nature of the toxic poisoning.

Congenital cataracts

Because of changes in the lens, there is blindness and visual impairment in children. These changes are both acquired And congenital . Today it is congenital cataract is one of the most common visual defects in newborns. The disease can affect one or both eyes. This disease may be accompanied by other pathology.

Accepted provide several different types of congenital cataracts. With capsular   cataract clouding observed isolated front or the rear of the lens bag. This cloudiness can have a different shape and size. Depending on the level of turbidity of the capsule is reduced. This pathology often develops due to illness, a woman who suffered during pregnancy   or because of intrauterine inflammation.

With polar   cataract disease affects both the capsule and the substance of the lens at the back or front of the poles. In this case the predominant bilateral cataracts. The size and shape of lesions can be varied.

Most often found in infants layered   cataracts, which basically is two-way. Defeat in this form of the disease is located in the center, around the nucleus. In this case, there is always decreased vision.

Cataracts Nuclear   It manifested in both eyes. This pathology is often hereditary nature of the disease. The vision is reduced very noticeable. However, in the case of turbidity limit embryonic nucleus of vision problems may be minor.

With full   Cataract affects both eyes. In this case, the symptoms of cataract may be varied. They directly depend on what degree of lens opacity is observed in the patient. If a cataract affects the lens fully observed its blurred. The child is present only a sensation of light. This pathology develops before birth, and in the first months of his life. Full preferably combined cataract and other eye conditions. Sometimes complete cataract resolve independently. In this case, the pupil is present in the film (filmy developing cataracts).

Complicated   cataracts manifest as a result of the child Rubella virus . galactosemia . diabetes and other ailments. Very often it is accompanied by other serious diseases.

Causes of congenital cataracts are violations of metabolic nature, the presence of maternal diabetes, infectious diseases during the first trimester of pregnancy.

Congenital cataract doctors determined for some visible signs. In the area of ​​the pupil of the child is seen blurred, resembling a drive or a point. There may be a diffuse haze visible pupil. In addition, if your child has a cataract nystagmus . strabismus . Upon reaching the age of two months the child can not focus the eyes on the faces of people and things, it has no reaction monitoring certain thing. Looking at the toy, the child always turns to her with the same eye.

Furthermore, in congenital cataract can not be observed at all any visible symptoms. Therefore, the child should be mandatory to show ophthalmologist.

Diagnosis of cataracts

The diagnosis in the case of cataract specialists is not difficult. His pose, based on data from medical history, as well as on the characteristics of the disease. However, in some cases, the patient is shown to pass some additional studies that contribute to a more accurate determination of the patient's condition. Thus, research is recommended biomicroscopic study visual acuity, as well as research in transmitted light.

Treatment of congenital cataract

With early diagnosis is possible to select individual system of treatment of the child, which will give the most noticeable effect. If the cataract is arranged so that the vision of the child may then develop normally, the treatment may not be required. However, in this case, regular monitoring. In the case of barriers to the development of cataracts is required as soon as possible to remove. As conservative treatment is ineffective in this case should be applied surgical method of therapy.

Treatment of age-related cataract

It is important to consider that a cataract is an irreversible process, so conservative treatment in this case does not bring significant results. With some medication can only stop the progress of the disease. In the appointment of drugs for the treatment of cataracts must take into account the general condition of the patient, the presence of his other illnesses, as well as the reasons for which the patient developed cataracts. In general, the formulations are used against cataract in the form of drops to the eye. The most frequently used drops senkatalin . kvinaks . Vita-phacolith . Katahrom . taufon . Such preparations contain vitamins . inorganic salts . biogenic stimulators . Besides the treatment of cataracts are often used means, which include glutamic acid, riboflavin . ascorbic acid .

Treatment involves cataract surgery. Currently, the operation can be carried out at any stage of the disease. The operation involves replacing the cloudy lens with an artificial one. As a result of human eyesight is fully restored.

There are many modern surgical treatment of cataracts. Less traumatic is by far the cataract via phacoemulsification   with implantation of foldable lenses. In this case, a small incision is practiced. Such an operation is successfully applied in various stages of disease can be used to treat cataracts in people of any age. Surgery is performed on an outpatient basis.

A few hours after phacoemulsification person sees normal, and full recovery of going for one week. In the postoperative period a person must protect eyes from strong tension, not to bend sharply or raise the severity, ensure that there are no sudden changes in temperature, which adversely affects the eyes. Eyes in the early days after the operation can not be rubbed. In addition, alcohol abuse is prohibited within one month after surgery.

If a person is worried about a bright light while you can wear sunglasses.

In the postoperative period a physician individually assigns use eye drops. It is important to strictly adhere to all the recommendations of the expert to view the restoration was complete.

Prevention of cataracts

As preventive measures to prevent the development of cataracts, doctors recommend eating a sufficient amount of vitamin-containing products: for eye health are the most important vitamins B, C and E. Experts recommend daily use several servings of fresh fruits and vegetables. Multivitamin complexes are also recommended for periodic admission as a prophylactic to prevent eye diseases. To date, confirmed the fact is dependent on the presence of cataracts in diabetic patients. Therefore it is important to control blood sugar, as well as own weight. It is often the cause of diabetes is obesity .

There is also a proven opinion that the risk factor for cataract becomes smoking. The denial of this habit reduces the risk of disease. Too frequent use of alcohol increases the risk is similar to the disease. Ultraviolet radiation also negatively affects the state of the lens. Therefore, the eyes should be protected from the sun is too bright.