Prolapse

February 19, 2012

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Prolapse   (from the Latin word meaning "loss") - a condition in which a certain organ or part protrudes through a natural orifice. In this case, we can talk about the loss of the uterus through the vagina in women, prolapse of the rectum through the anus, and others.

Mitral valve prolapse

In this case, we can talk about the subsidence of one or both mitral valve. It bends in the cavity of the left atrium into the left ventricle during systole. This pathology is today considered to be the most frequently occurring form of disease activity valvular. Mitral valve prolapse   sometimes it manifests itself as an independent pathology, but in some cases this condition can occur in parallel with other minor anomalies of the heart.

Much more often mitral valve prolapse is diagnosed in childhood and adolescence. Most often, this condition manifests itself in people with rheumatism . congenital heart disease As well as connective tissue diseases of hereditary character. Sometimes prolapse detected even in newborns, but often it is diagnosed in children after the age of seven.

Mitral valve prolapse is divided into congenital and acquired form of the disease. It is also customary to distinguish primary and secondary type of prolapse that occurs as a complication of certain diseases, as well as a concomitant condition.

Today it is assumed that this disease occurs as a result of certain anatomical reasons (abnormalities in the structure of the valve unit, pathology, caused by certain inflammatory diseases). Also prolapse can occur due to violations of the autonomic regulation of the valves and subvalvular apparatus, which are due to psycho-vegetative syndrome .

Symptoms of mitral valve prolapse

Very often, patients with mitral valve prolapse does not arise associated symptoms. However, in some cases, people have expressed complaints of fatigue, periodic palpitation, pain in the chest, headaches, migraines, and anxiety states.

Fatigue manifests itself in a patient as a result of abnormalities in the autonomic nervous system, which regulates breathing and heart rate. Consequently, disrupted oxygen supply and the blood is shown a sense of fatigue.

Disturbances in heart rhythm when mitral valve prolapse are not always dangerous. However, the frequent repetition palpitations need treatment of this condition.

Pain in the chest in people with mitral valve prolapse appear, regardless of physical activity. Wherein after receiving nitroglycerin   pain persists.

In rare cases, a complication of this condition can be stroke .

In children with mitral valve prolapse are more likely than the rest of their peers diagnosed sore throat . SARS . chronic tonsillitis . Children diagnosed with isolated mitral valve prolapse, often complain about the occurrence of disruptions in the heart, palpitations, chest pain, shortness of breath . dizziness . Such children are prone to fainting, headache.

Patients occur periodically Children cardialgia , Stabbing or aching, lasting a few seconds, in rare cases - a few minutes. These phenomena occur mainly due to the strong emotional stress.

If rapid change in body position, with long breaks in the adoption of food can occur dizziness. As a result of overstrain   a strong emotion is often manifested headache .

Children with mitral valve prolapse often have asthenic body composition and high growth, they have poorly developed muscles, flat chest. There are still some features that are at the time of inspection may draw the attention of a doctor.

In addition, children with this pathology is often a high anxiety, frequent mood swings, tearfulness, a state of excitement, fatigue. Children can suffer from a variety of phobias, depression.

Diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse

To diagnose mitral valve prolapse, used both clinical and instrumental criteria. The main symptoms of the disease are found in the research process auscultation   and Echocardiography-signs . When the diagnosis is often used as medical history, history of the patient, the results of X-ray and ECG. It is also important to differentiate with mitral valve prolapse systolic murmurs Arising from the other minor heart anomalies, failure of the mitral valve. It is also an important step in the diagnosis of the study considered the autonomic nervous system of the patient.

Treatment of mitral valve prolapse

For children, the treatment of the mitral valve is considered to be the main point of the observance of the special regime, which explains in detail the physician. In some cases, physical education classes are allowed without restrictions, in other embodiments, the question of the possibility of the Exercise doctor cardiorheumatologist decide individually.

Methods of treatment of mitral valve prolapse is directly dependent on how pronounced the symptoms, cardiovascular and autonomic changes. If there is a silent form of prolapse, the treatment is to normalize the status of vegetative and psycho-emotional state of the child. In other forms of prolapse using non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment of autonomic disorders.

If the patient holds mitral regurgitation accompanied with cardiac decompensation, difficult to treat, and other severe complications can be applied surgical correction of mitral valve prolapse.

It is important that children are diagnosed with mitral valve prolapse, constantly observed in doctor and receive regular survey.

Prolapse

According to statistics, every second woman after forty-five years of age suffering from a certain type prolapse . In gynecology, the term "prolapse" is commonly understood as not only "loss" and "omission." When this state is lowered into the vagina organs located in the pelvic cavity. Also, together with the walls of the vagina may fall out.

The reasons for this state experts determine the severity of the birth. Most often genital prolapse occurs in women who have had two or more births occurring with significant complications, fractures. Such pathology manifests itself as a result of hard work, heavy lifting, chronic constipation or coughing. Contributing factors often becomes obesity .

Often genital prolapse occurs in women in the family have already observed similar disease. Hereditary factors usually associated with some features in the structure of the connective tissue.

Symptoms of genital prolapse

As a rule, the development of this disease is rather slow, although in some cases it is possible and more rapid current. A characteristic feature is the fact that today the disease is sometimes seen in women younger. A woman who develops a similar pathology, often feel heaviness in the abdomen, as well as a sense of presence in the field of foreign body. This feeling intensified when walking. There may be pain symptoms in the vagina, the sacrum and lower back, stand out from the genital tract, or separation from whites blood. The patient can suffer from urologic   and proctologic   violations that often occur incontinence   and constipation .

On the surface of the genitals, which falls frequently observed fractures, the skin becomes dull and dry. Later, perhaps a manifestation of deep ulcers that occur in the process of injury while walking. The woman may change menstrual function Manifest itself hormonal imbalance . Sexual life during genital prolapse is possible only after the fallen bodies will vpravleny.

Experts distinguish between three different degrees of genital prolapse. At the first degree the uterus moves down, but the cervix is ​​located within the vagina. This state gynecologist can determine during the inspection. At the second degree prolapse body of the uterus is the vagina, and the cervix is ​​already in the vestibule. When such a state to talk about a partial loss.

At the third degree the uterus and vaginal wall located below have genital slit (total loss).

Often when manifested deletion hernia vaginal walls, which can get into the bladder, urethra, rectum, at least - part of the intestine.

Diagnosis of genital prolapse

For qualitative diagnosis is important to colposcopy study. The doctor must be sure to evaluate the condition at the moment is the sphincter of the bladder and rectum. In addition, a diagnosis must be conducted urinalysis and its bacteriological examination, urodynamic study, excretory urography. The rectal examination is also one of the elements of a comprehensive survey.

Treatment of genital prolapse

In most cases, such a state must be treated surgically. However, it is important to bear in mind that the woman should contact a specialist at the first symptoms of this condition, do not tighten. The sooner the patient comes to the expert, the easier it is to return the bodies to their normal anatomical position. Thus, if treatment begins at an early stage, it is possible to prevent the loss with the help of specially designed physical exercises, which patients should be carried out regularly. Also effective in the present case water treatments. As an alternative to surgery, in some cases, the physician applies a treatment with a special overlay pessary, which should keep the cervix and uterus.

However, if the patient turns to a specialist at a later stage, the operation without genital prolapse cure fails.

Prevention of genital prolapse

As preventive measures, it is important to avoid unnecessary injuries pelvic floor muscles and genitals. It is necessary to restore the integrity of the quality of muscles after pregnancy and childbirth. Therefore, prevention is important as an active lifestyle and regular performance of a complex exercise.

Women should avoid heavy lifting, and try to avoid too heavy load of a physical nature. Equally important is a complete rest and sleep mode, the observance of the rules of healthy nutrition.

Doctors conducting childbirth Special attention should be paid to a rational strategy of managing them. It is important to maximize the muscles of the pelvic floor to protect against damage. Do not allow prolonged labor. In the case of postpartum perineal injuries should be possible to restore the integrity and implement all the measures of prevention of inflammatory complications.