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Structure and function of the circulatory system
The man enters the circulatory system heart . artery . veins and capillaries . The anatomy to distinguish between big and small circle circulation. These circles are formed vessels that come from the heart. Circles are closed.
Small circle human circulatory consists of the pulmonary trunk and the pulmonary veins. Large circulation begins aorta That comes out of the left ventricle. The blood from the aorta enters the large vessels, which are sent to the head bound man, his torso and limbs. Large vessels branch into small, passing in intraorgan artery, and then - in the arterioles and capillaries. It capillaries are responsible for the metabolism between the tissues and blood. Further, there is an association in the post-capillary venules capillaries that merge into a vein - originally intraorganic, then - in vneorgannye. The blood returns to the right atrium through the upper and lower vena cava. In more detail the structure of the circulatory system demonstrates its detailed scheme.
Human circulatory system in the body ensures the delivery of nutrients and oxygen to the tissues and is responsible for the removal of harmful products of metabolism, transports them to recycling or disposal of the human body. Also, the blood system moves between the intermediate products of metabolism.
Causes Diseases of the circulatory system
Because many experts distinguish diseases of the circulatory system, there are a number of reasons, they are provoking. First of all, the manifestation of this type of disease affects too much nervous tension as a result of serious trauma, or prolonged strong emotions. Another reason for diseases of the circulatory system - atherosclerosis That provokes coronary heart disease .
Diseases of the circulatory system are manifested as a result of infections. Thus, due to the impact of beta-hemolytic streptococcus group A person develops rheumatism . Infection viridans streptococci, enterococci, Staphylococcus aureus provokes septic endocarditis . pericarditis . myocarditis .
The cause of some diseases of the circulatory system are a violation of the fetus in utero. The consequence of such violations is often a congenital heart defect.
Acute heart failure can occur in humans as a consequence of injuries that result in profuse blood loss.
Experts identify not only the listed reasons, but a number of factors that contribute to the manifestation of predisposition to illnesses of the cardiovascular system. In this case, it is a hereditary predisposition to disease, bad habits (smoking, regular alcohol consumption, physical inactivity ), The wrong approach to nutrition (too salty and fatty foods). Also diseases of the circulatory disorders often manifest themselves in the lipid metabolism, when there are changes in the endocrine system (menopause in women), and overweight. It may also affect the development of diseases such diseases of other body systems, intake of some medical preparations.
Symptoms
But it should be taken into account and the fact that in the initial stages of some diseases, circulatory system even when relatively normally performs its function, the patient does not feel any change in the body. Accordingly, the disease can be diagnosed only by chance, when applying to a specialist for a particular occasion.
In diseases of the circulatory system of the patient characteristic symptoms are present: disruption of the heart , and pain . breathlessness . choking sensation . cyanosis . swelling and etc.
An important symptom is the presence of changes in heartbeat. If a person is healthy, at rest or light physical effort he does not feel his own heartbeat. People with certain diseases of the circulatory system palpitations can clearly be felt even with little physical exertion, and sometimes alone. It is about tachycardia - Manifestation of heart palpitations. This symptom occurs as a consequence of reducing the contractile function of the heart. In the process of contraction of the heart sends blood into the aorta is less than usual. To ensure the normal blood supply to the body, the heart should be reduced with greater frequency. But such a mode of operation for the heart may not be favorable, because when tachycardia becomes shorter relaxation phase of the heart in which the heart muscle are processes that have a positive impact on it and restore its performance.
In diseases of the circulatory system and often manifest faults, that is spasmodic work of the heart. Arrhythmia patient feels like a sinking of the heart, followed by a strong short putt. Sometimes, there are sporadic interruptions, sometimes they take a certain time or are ongoing. In most cases, failures occur during tachycardia, but also for rare heart rhythm, they can also occur.
Pain in the region of the heart very often worried about patients suffering from diseases of the circulatory system. But this symptom at various illnesses has different meanings. For example, in ischemic heart disease is the major symptom of pain and other disorders of the cardiovascular system may be a secondary symptom.
When coronary heart disease pain occur as a result of lack of blood supply to the heart muscle. Pain in this case lasts no more than five minutes and a compressing character. There seizures, mainly during exercise or at low temperature. Pain stoped after taking nitroglycerin . This pain is called angina pectoris. If the same pain occurs in humans during sleep, it is called angina rest.
Pain in other diseases of the blood supply is aching in nature, it can go on a different time period. After medication pain usually subsides not. This symptom is observed when myocarditis . heart defects . pericarditis . hypertension and etc.
Often in diseases of the circulatory system of the patient suffers from shortness of breath. Dyspnea is manifested as a consequence reduce the contractile function of the heart and blood stasis in vessels which is observed in this case. Shortness of breath is often indicative of the development of heart failure patients. If the heart muscle is weakened slightly, then shortness of breath will occur only after exercise. And in severe illnesses shortness of breath can occur and patients lying.
Swelling considered characteristic symptom of heart failure. In this case, as a rule, it is a right ventricular failure. In view of reducing the contractile function of the right ventricle is a stagnation of the blood, increases blood pressure . Because of congestion it falls into the liquid part of the fabric through the walls of blood vessels. Initially swelling usually appear on the legs. If heart function is weakened further, the fluid begins to accumulate in the pleural and peritoneal cavities.
Another characteristic symptom in diseases of the circulatory system - cyanosis . The lips, the tip of the nose, the fingers on the limbs at the same time acquires a bluish tint. This is due to raying of blood through the skin. Blood thus contains many restored Hemoglobin What happens when the slowing of blood flow in the capillaries due to the slow heartbeats.
Cerebrovascular insufficiency
The deterioration of the cerebral circulation often occurs as a result of hypertension and cerebral arteriosclerosis. People with disorders of cerebral circulation are satisfactory condition, being in normal conditions. But the need to increase their circulation being rapidly getting worse. This can happen at a high temperature, physical exertion, overstrain . The person begins to suffer from the noise in my head, dizziness , Headaches. Reduced work capacity, deteriorating memory. If these symptoms are present in the patient for at least three months, and repeated as often as once a week, then we are talking about the diagnosis " cerebrovascular insufficiency ".
Cerebrovascular insufficiency leads to stroke . Therefore, once a person has early symptoms of the disease requiring immediate treatment to improve cerebral circulation.
After conducting a comprehensive diagnosis and detailed consultation the doctor will determine the treatment regimen and to decide how to improve blood circulation in the patient as efficiently as possible. Beginning treatment and take prescribed medications needed immediately. The treatment includes not only drugs that improve blood flow, but also a complex of vitamins, sedatives. Preparations for the improvement of blood supply is also required to enter into a course of treatment. There are a number of funds that have antihypoxia, vasodilator, nootropic effects.
In addition to medical treatment the patient should take measures aimed at changing the image of his life. It is very important to sleep enough time - about 8-9 hours, avoid heavy loads, take regular breaks during the working day. What is important is peace and the absence of negative emotions. It should as much as possible to be outdoors, ventilate the room where the patient. Another important factor diet : In the diet is necessary to limit carbohydrates, salt and fats. It should immediately quit. All these recommendations will help stop the progression of the disease.
Diagnostics
During auscultation can hear the sound of the altered tones, noise.
In the process of diagnosis of diseases of the circulatory system used instrumental methods. The simplest and most frequently used method is the electrocardiogram. However, the results obtained in this study should be evaluated, taking into account the clinical data.
In addition to the method of ECG vectorcardiography . Echocardiography . phonocardiography That evaluate the status and functioning of the heart.
In addition to studies of the heart are also conducted a variety of research on the state of blood flow. For this purpose, determined blood flow velocity, blood volume, the mass of circulating blood. Hemodynamics is determined by examining the cardiac output. In order to adequately assess the functional state of the cardiovascular system, patients underwent exercise test, apnea, orthostatic tests.
Informative method of research is also an X-ray of the heart and blood vessels, as well as magnetic resonance imaging. Also taken into account laboratory tests of urine, blood biochemical analysis.
Treatment
Treatment of circulatory disorders carries only a specialist, selecting a strategy, depending on what kind of disease symptoms occur in the patient. Cerebrovascular accident and acute circulatory disorders of other organs should be treated immediately after diagnosis, depends on the outcome of therapy. Dangerous condition is transient circulatory disorders of the brain, which increases the risk of stroke.
The easiest way to treat the disease in the early stages of its development. Treatment can be both medical and surgical. Sometimes the desired effect provides a basic lifestyle changes. Sometimes the success of treatment is necessary to combine several methods. It is also widely practiced spa treatment of circulatory disorders with a number of physiotherapy, physical therapy.
How to improve circulation
Meanwhile, all of the recommendations to improve the blood circulation can perform each person. First of all, it is important to provide daily physical activities that allow to activate blood circulation. It is especially important to do physical exercise for those who work sitting down. In this case, the blood supply is disrupted pelvic organs, and other organs are affected. Therefore it is best for the common condition of the body, in this case affects a brisk walk. But between work that should be done at least once in 2-3 hours, you can do all kinds of exercises. When circulatory failure, brain exercises should also be done regularly, but with less intensity.
Equally important it is to maintain a normal body weight. To do this, it is important to adjust the food, the menu vegetables, fruits, fish, dairy products. But the meats, fatty foods, pastries, sweets should be excluded from the diet. It is important to include in the diet of natural food and artificial foods is better to exclude completely. If a person has a place of circulatory failure, is contraindicated smoking and drinking. Peripheral blood circulation are also able to improve some medication drugs, but they should be appointed solely by the doctor. Sometimes these funds are also prescribed to pregnant women to enhance the circulation of the fetus.
To strengthen the nervous system is important enough sleep, positive emotions. Improving the condition occurs in people who are able to implement all of these recommendations into practice.
Prevention
All the above-described methods are effective measures for the prevention of diseases of this type. Methods of prevention of diseases of the circulatory system should be aimed at lowering cholesterol levels, as well as to overcome inactivity. There are a number of scientifically proven facts that lifestyle changes can effectively reduce the risk of diseases of the circulatory system. In addition, it is important to promptly treat all infections that can cause complications.
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