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Pharyngitis usually classified into types according to the localization of inflammation. Throat at the person has three divisions - nasopharynx (upper section) fauces (Intermediate Division) and hypopharynx (lower part). But such a unit in most cases will only be conditional, because the development of acute pharyngitis It is going diffuse mucosal lesion. The defeat of bacterial and viral infections occur mirgiruyusche and mainly is descending character. If a patient develops chronic pharyngitis , The inflammation occurs in one of the above parts of the pharynx.
Causes of pharyngitis
Basically pharyngitis in children and adults is caused by inhaling too cold or contaminated air. It is also a manifestation of pharyngitis may provoke some irritation of chemical substances - tobacco, alcohol, and others. The occurrence of infectious sore throat is due to exposure to microbes - streptococci . staphylococci . pneumococci . He also developed under the influence of a number of viruses and fungi. Sometimes sore throats causes the spread of infection from adjacent to the pharynx inflammatory focus. Often it is seen in patients with pharyngitis rhinitis . sinusitis . caries .
In some cases the development of chronic pharyngitis pathologies due to the presence of the gastrointestinal tract. This is possible when cholecystitis . gastritis . pancreatitis . Chronic catarrhal pharyngitis It manifested as a consequence of contact with acidic stomach contents into the throat during sleep, if a person is progressing gastroesophageal reflux disease . In such a situation it is important to initially eliminate the primary disease. Also cause atrophic changes in the mucous membrane of the throat is often a malicious smoking.
Development pharyngitis is often seen in people who suffer from constant shortness of breath nose. The development of the direct effect of pharyngitis and constant mouth breathing, and the impact of vasoconstrictor drops that flow down and into the throat.
Chronic pharyngitis sometimes develops as a consequence of allergies, as well as in patients with a variety of endocrine disorders in diabetes And when heart . Pulmonary and kidney failure .
Types of pharyngitis
Classification chronic pharyngitis carried out according to the nature of changes that occur in the mucosa. Allocate catarrhal (easy) atrophic (subatrophic) and hypertrophic pharyngitis. Quite often a combination of different types of pharyngitis. In this case, a mixed form of the disease is determined.
The most frequently found among catarrhal pharyngitis acute form of the disease when SARS . In general, about 70% of pharyngitis occur as a consequence of exposure to different viruses - coronaviruses . rhinoviruses . Adenovirus . Influenza Virus and Parainfluenza . Most often, pharyngitis develops under the influence of rhinoviruses. However, only the viral primary infection induces the development of disease that has already developed further under the influence of a bacterial infection. In more rare cases can develop pharyngitis, and under the influence of other viruses.
The symptoms of pharyngitis
In the development of the disease in humans observed severe symptoms of pharyngitis. This disease is characterized by a pronounced sore throat, a constant feeling of dryness and discomfort. The patient may complain of the presence of pain during swallowing, which are most pronounced in the empty throat. Sometimes the development of pharyngitis associated with severe general malaise, increase in body temperature. When inflammation occurs pharyngitis tubofaringealnyh rollers, the patient may feel pain in your ears. During palpation cervical lymph nodes the patient may feel their pain and gain. There is also flushing the posterior pharyngeal wall and arches of the sky. However, inflammation of the tonsils, which takes place at sore throat Not observed.
Very often, strep throat is the first sign of a number of infectious diseases. Thus, it may occur measles . rubella . scarlet fever .
In chronic pharyngitis is no increase in body temperature, as well as the overall health of the patient is not significantly deteriorated. The man constantly feels dry throat, sore and feeling of a lump in the throat, causing his constant desire to clear his throat. When pharyngitis patient notes stubborn dry cough, which differs substantially from coughing with bronchitis. The constant feeling of discomfort in chronic pharyngitis is the need to constantly swallowing mucus that accumulates in the back of the throat mucus. As a result, the person becomes very irritable, unable to sleep and do business as usual without interruption.
Symptoms atrophic pharyngitis expressed strong dryness of the throat. Its mucous membrane is thinned, sometimes it is covered with dried mucus. Sometimes it is not the surface of the mucous viewed injected vessels. To hypertrophic pharyngitis characterized by a rear wall of the pharynx foci hyperplastic lymphoid tissue. They can also increase tubofaringealnye rollers. During exacerbation of the disease according to the symptoms of pharyngitis is added congestion, swelling of the mucous membrane.
Chronic pharyngitis in children is sometimes expressed not only a constant dry cough, but also the presence of wheezing. Therefore, the examination, the doctor should clearly differentiate it from the state of asthma.
Complications of pharyngitis
Complications of chronic pharyngitis often laryngitis . tracheitis (respectively, inflammation of larynx and trachea). It is also possible manifestation chronic bronchitis .
Some forms of pharyngitis (such as disease, that is b-haemolytic streptococci group A) provoke the development and subsequently in human acute rheumatism .
Another unpleasant complication of chronic pharyngitis is a general decline in the quality of life. A patient with a chronic form of the disease can not speak for a long time. Therefore, for people whose profession is connected with the need to give lectures and other types of oratory, this disease can be a very big problem. In chronic pharyngitis contraindicated tonsillectomy. Therefore, inflammation can worsen over time and as a result the tone of voice in humans varies considerably.
Diagnosis pharyngitis
Experienced specialist otolaryngologist without much difficulty can diagnose both acute and chronic pharyngitis. Initially, it is necessary to carry out examination of the patient. The wire pharyngoscope - Examination of the mucous membrane of the throat of the patient. In some cases, the patient is assigned to an additional bacteriological and virological testing. For his use of a swab from the throat.
It should be noted that the presence of symptoms of pharyngitis patients is rarely immediately turn to the expert, preferring to treat the disease home remedies or take medications without a prescription. Even when some relief state the cause of pharyngitis without repairing. That is why it is important to conduct a survey on time and assign the correct treatment of pharyngitis.
Treatment of pharyngitis
Sometimes, the doctor prescribes a topical antimicrobial drugs and antibacterials. When pharyngitis is usually assigned an antiseptic drug - it can be hexetidine . chlorhexidine . benzydamine . ambazone et al. are also used local anesthetics and ester oils ( tetracaine . Lidocaine . menthol ). Perhaps the use of products containing natural preservatives and vitamins.
Antimicrobials used for gargling, as inhalations . insufflation . tablets and candies . It is important that the mucosa applied drugs which have a wide spectrum of action against microbes and viruses. However, they should not be toxic, provoking irritation and allergic reactions.
Preparations in the form of candy for resorption are usually prescribed for mild forms of pharyngitis. It is important to bear in mind that in the majority of these drugs include chlorhexidine Which is a toxic substance. Therefore it is impossible to exceed the doses of drugs and their uncontrolled reception. This is especially true for children.
Some preparations containing, for example, propolis Derivatives Iodine . sulfonamides can cause allergic reactions. Medicines that contain vegetable oils and antiseptics may also induce expression of allergy in some patients.
To reduce the pain in the throat, can be used for rinsing solutions unheated furatsillina , Easy solution potassium permanganate . Rinse in the acute phase can be practiced every hour.
If pharyngitis occur in humans too often, it is - direct evidence of problems with the protective forces of the body. Therefore, treatment of pharyngitis must in some cases include correction immunity .
Therefore, to assign the best medication for the treatment of pharyngitis should only doctor, guided by its antimicrobial activity, as well as the individual characteristics of the patient.
Folk remedies Treatment of pharyngitis
To prepare herbal teas, which is effective in the treatment of pharyngitis and is used for rinsing, you can take the leaves of sage and mint, chamomile flowers, fennel fruit in equal parts. One tablespoon minced collection should pour a glass of boiling water and infuse for twenty minutes.
Similarly, preparing another collection, which includes the root of sweet flag, flax seeds, chamomile flowers, grass clover.
Treatment of pharyngitis folk remedies also provides for the use of certain decoctions and infusions of herbs for inhalation. For this purpose, often use the infusion of chamomile, oak bark, sage, pine buds, calendula. To prepare infusions of herbs, which are used for inhalation, should take 10 g of crushed material per cup of boiling water. Such inhalation lasted five minutes, they can do several times a day, using a variety of herbs.
In addition, under any form of pharyngitis, traditional medicine recommends gargling raw potato juice, extract from the leaves of blueberries and a decoction of the berries.
If a person suffers from atrophic pharyngitis, the state can improve its oil inhalation. For such inhalation solution peach, olive oil, menthol, oil. Prepare a solution for inhalation can be at the rate of 5-10 drops of oil per cup of boiling water. Inhaling vapors is necessary through a funnel-shaped tube several times a day.
Inhalation soda (one teaspoon of baking soda to one glass of water) is noticeably soften dry throat.
Prevention pharyngitis
For prophylaxis of pharyngitis is important to ensure the overall hardening of the body, try to avoid the influence of harmful factors, as well as get rid of bad habits - smoking, alcohol abuse. If a person for some reason there is difficulty in nasal breathing, then the problem must be adequately treated to avoid further pharyngitis. No less important is the time to eliminate all dental problems, heal tooth decay . It is also necessary to restore the broken body's defenses, which in some cases is assigned to receive funds from the properties immunomodulators .
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