Diseases of the musculoskeletal system

November 12, 2012

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Every year growth of civilizing society leads to the fact that physical activity a person is significantly reduced. And, unfortunately, it is primarily impact on the musculoskeletal system   (ODA) human. Due to the low mobility functionality ODA drop and the person develops a variety of diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Experts note that the largest number of diagnosed diseases in developed countries.

All the diseases that affect the musculoskeletal system of man is divided into two broad groups - arthritis   and arthrosis . For arthritis in a certain organ ODA occurs inflammatory process observed in osteoarthritis and degenerative disorders of the joints.

Osteochondrosis

If we evaluate such diseases as a whole, the first place in the number of cases takes intervertebral osteochondrosis . In the development of this disease in the intervertebral discs of cartilage gradually develop degenerative changes in the nature. As a result, the vertebrae deform over time, and a convergence of their bodies. If a person is sick for a long time, at the edges of the vertebrae grow small growths of bone tissue, called osteophytes .

As a rule, there is a defeat of the spine, which accounted for the strongest daily load. When osteochondrosis, depending on the location of the lesion, a man worried one-way . Bilateral   or central   pain.

Pain becomes more intense, if a person lifts something heavy, is an extended period of time or to move actively. The rest, as a rule, people do not feel pain. If carried out palpation of the spine, in the process discovered the painful areas.

In some cases, intervertebral osteochondrosis manifests radicular syndrome Which is reflected in the sharp sensation of pain along the spinal nerve. Pain occurs as a consequence of the convergence of vertebral compression osteophytes or infringement of the spinal nerve roots.

Low back pain, as well as many other diseases of the musculoskeletal system, initially doctors try to treat by using conservative methods. Sometimes pain management is necessary to ensure compliance with the provisions of the rest of the spine, which was struck. To avoid motion in the affected joint, sometimes used in the treatment of immobilization. In severe osteoarthritis sometimes divisive appointed surgery to remove bone fragments from the joint cavity. Basically, low back pain is diagnosed in men in the age group from 40 to 60 years. At the same time, women often found osteoarthritis Hitting the knees, hands, hips bones.

Ankylosing spondylitis

If a person develops ankylosing spondylitis Then it becomes the main manifestation of the defeat of the spine. This disease is also known as ankylosing spondylitis . In the development of the disease there is inflammation in the spinal ligaments and intervertebral joints, which provokes pain. Patient feeling pain in the spine along its entire length or in the area of ​​the damaged spine. Painful sensations become intense after the long period of time a person is in a state of rest, sometimes intensifying pain provoked weather conditions. In addition to pain the patient feels stiffness in the area where the spine is affected. Typically, the pain bother in the morning. If the disease progresses, the spine is gradually deformed, resulting in noticeable changes posture, forming a so-called "doskoobraznuyu back." In most cases the disease is diagnosed in men. Sometimes it leads to a complete immobility of the spine.

Osteoarthritis

Development deforming osteoarthritis   is slow, the disease gradually acquires features of chronic. In this case, degenerative-dystrophic changes occur in the hyaline cartilage. Osteoarthritis appears mainly as a consequence of the aging of the articular cartilage. The cause of this disease is a high load on the cartilage, which he is not able to resist. Often factor determining the development of the disease, injury or violation of becoming in the bloodstream. Not the least role in this case played by heredity.

This disease usually develops in people who are overweight and those whose profession is associated with strong tension and heavy lifting. Sometimes the disease is manifested as a consequence of an inferiority cartilage trophism cartilage disorders.

When osteoarthritis pain is less pronounced, but much more serious deform the affected joints. Most often osteoarthritis develops in women during Menopause . Originally comes defeated major bearing joints. First, as a rule, affected knee and hip joints. If you are serious load on the joint, the pain becomes feasible, and enhanced the evening. Illness has several stages. At first joint appearance does not change, but if the disease continues to progress, develop inflammation of the synovial membrane of the joint. It is noted swelling of the joint, it becomes painful and hot. In the course of the disease progressively deformed joints. Unlike rheumatoid arthritis , The symptoms of which are activated in the morning, in this case the manifestations of the disease worse in the evening. If the disease progresses for a long time, the mobility of the joint may be somewhat limited.

Rheumatoid arthritis

Joints are also affected, and the development of rheumatoid arthritis Which is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease. As a result, the patient shows signs of erosive and destructive polyarthritis That affects the small joints of the hands and feet .  Initially, a person develops a symmetrical arthritis of the joints in the hands and feet .  Later, in some cases, the disease also affects large joints .  The patient suffers from constant aching pain in the joints, which are more noticeable when driving .  Affected joints swell, limited mobility .  One of the most characteristic symptoms of the disease is the presence of morning stiffness in all joints, including the affected .  After physical activity stiffness disappears .  If the disease progresses further, the muscles that are adjacent to the affected joints, gradually atrophy .  For rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by the manifestation of seasonal exacerbations, permanent disease progression .  During the seasonal exacerbation of a person it can rise temperature, with increasing signs of inflammation and affects the new joints .  Over time, visibly deformed joints and mobility - limited .  This often caused subluxations, joints are unstable .

Podagra

Podagra   - A disease that manifests itself as a consequence of metabolic disorders, as a result of which affects the joints. Most often this disease is diagnosed in men who are over 40 years old. In the process of developing the disease is violated exchange of uric acid. The joint cavity is gradually accumulating microcrystals monourata sodium. The disease has krizovoe for: occasional patient overcome the so-called "gouty attack" that mostly begin at night after the man on the eve of experienced severe stress, injured, abused alcohol or protein food. As a rule, the disease begins with the development of acute arthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Within hours, the joint becomes swelling, it is red, gets hot. Man worried about excruciating pain, besides, it develops fever Significantly deteriorating health. Such an attack is sometimes lasts for several hours, in other cases - a few days. In order to accelerate the completion of gouty attacks, patients assigned to receive non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Gradually, the disease affects other joints. If gout worried man for many years and gradually progresses, the disease gradually spread to the spine, tendons, sternoclavicular joint. Pain becomes constant with time, moreover, considerably deformed joints.

Treatment of diseases of ODA

Whenever possible presence of disease ODA netipicheskoy clinical picture of the disease, so to establish the exact diagnosis and subsequent treatment is required is required to see a specialist. Most pathologies ODA to diagnose without the use of laboratory or instrumental methods. If the diagnosis is experienced, it is often enough for him to carry out a thorough examination and questioning of the patient. But in some cases still is assigned to the control hardware research.

As a rule, all diseases of the musculoskeletal system, there is one common symptom - pain in the back. But very often people do not pay attention to such manifestations, considering that developing low back pain, which is optionally treated. Meanwhile, a false impression is often a fatal mistake.

It is important to consider that the treatment of all diseases associated with damage to the musculoskeletal system, it is quite a long and difficult process. At the same time the patient should see your doctor regularly to monitor the treatment process. It is important to carefully follow all the recommendations, which the doctor said, and strictly follow the treatment regimen.

The treatment of the musculoskeletal system is made by modern physicians in three different directions. First of all, the specialist takes measures to eliminate pain in the affected organs. The next step is to prevent further progression of the disease and its arresting. The third stage of therapy is aimed at reducing all forms of the disease.

Typically, in the treatment arthrosis . osteochondrosis   and a number of other diseases you only need a comprehensive approach, as the use of a single method is unlikely to give effective results. To ensure muscle tone and maintain an appropriate level of mobility of the skeleton, the patient is recommended to regularly perform a special set of gymnastic exercises. To normalize metabolic processes in the body and ensure the completion of the necessary minerals and vitamins, it is important to eat a balanced diet.

In order to ensure targeted treatment courses practiced therapeutic massage and compresses. At the same time, drug therapy provides for diseases of the musculoskeletal system is only temporary relief. That is why treat musculoskeletal doctors strongly recommend specialized sanatoriums and clinics. Well proven in this case, a sanatorium near Moscow, where the practice of comprehensive treatment that provides long-term outcome. In such institutions not only provide patients with comprehensive therapy and proper nutrition, procedures, physical activity, and all other conditions. The course of treatment in a sanatorium lasts no less than 18 days. Initially it carried out a full examination of the complex and individual purpose of treatment.

In the treatment of diseases of ODA effective mud baths : Mud joints allows to activate all the internal processes and the body's defense mechanisms. But it should be borne in mind that mud treatment is an active method, so practice it at home without medical supervision is impossible.

Sometimes the treatment of diseases such as non-traditional methods are used, for example, Yoga Therapy . acupuncture . ozone therapy .

Disease prevention ODA

To prevent the development of the above diseases, hiring the right approach to prevention. She should be actively engaged since childhood, stimulating a child's habit of keeping physically active life. Daily morning exercise with the obligatory warm-up, stretching, and the main part should become a mandatory ritual. It is equally important to prevent rapid weight gain, ensure proper daily nutrition. In order to strengthen the musculoskeletal system is useful on a daily basis to eat fish, seafood.

In addition, both children and adults is recommended to sleep on a special orthopedic mattress, or even on a hard bed. You should not sleep on the pillow is too high. When the seat back to keep straight, do not lay his legs. For a child is required to organize a correct and comfortable working place at the table, that the process of seating him not to bend the spine. Also, to maintain the musculoskeletal system is very useful to regularly go swimming, hang on the crossbar.