It seems that parents do not need to explain the importance of vaccination against tetanus. But they are wrong when they think that the "school" shots protect against the danger of the disease for life. And yet, in the summer it increases the risk of contracting serious, because it is during the holidays more and more cases of child injuries ...
Prevention of tetanus It involves a series of childhood immunizations. First (DTP) is carried out 3 months of age, and almost no protection. The second is 4, 5 months, the third - after another month and a half. Thereafter, up to the age of the child polutoragodovalogo tetanus is not terrible. But in the 18 months needed revaccination. Then another - 7 years, and finally, the last "school" - 14 years. In the future, according to doctors, every 10 years, a person needs to re revaccinated to maintain a steady immunity to a dangerous disease. And then, get hurt, you can feel safe only on the condition that after the last vaccination was not more than 5 years. If passed still more, tetanus prophylaxis It should be an emergency.
Child injured ...
Clean the wound from dirt and rinse with 3% hydrogen peroxide. If a child is injured and bleeding in the sandbox, or playing with the animal, immediately contact the emergency room.
When the sound alarm
Infection occurs in contact with the wound anaerobic bacteria tetanus. If the body does not have the strength to resist, the disease begins to develop in 7-14 days after injury.
The risk of infection increases dramatically if ...
- After treatment the resulting wound is more than 6 hours;
- Received the wound - puncture or break this tissue;
- The depth of the wound - more than 1 cm;
- The wound - a bullet or obtained as a result of a puncture, burn, bite, crush, frostbite 2 degrees or more;
- The wound is a long-running abscess, carbuncle;
- Present in the wound dead tissue;
- The wound foreign objects - particles of rust, earth and splinters, or saliva of animals.
Symptoms of tetanus
Symptoms of tetanus in some cases, may occur after 30-50 days after infection, when it received a wound already forgotten. But the shorter the latency, the more painful the disease passes.
Starting from tetanus is always difficult. The first and most common symptom is a tonic muscle tension jaw movements of the mouth with difficulty because of the chewing muscles spasms, like a man batters in a fever. This is followed by other symptoms of tetanus, which form a typical triad: "sardonic smile" because of spasm of the facial muscles and impaired swallowing due to the contraction of the muscles of the pharynx. Violated the bodily function of muscles: muscles numb neck, sharp bends back, straighten the arms and legs. Tonic voltage applied to the intercostal and diaphragmatic muscles, due to which it becomes hard to breathe, to do full, deep breaths.
Emergency measures against tetanus
The introduction of the vaccine against tetanus. It can be AC - preparation containing Tetanus Toxoid And causing the immune system to produce antibodies to this toxin. Either Td - vaccine containing both Tetanus Toxoid And Diphtheria toxoid .
Attention! In case of emergency prevention it is very useful to have at hand medical records (paper) with the data that was made when the last vaccination. This will have the doctor invaluable assistance in the selection of measures against tetanus. In addition, this paper should take, and while traveling.
Prick PSCHI (tetanus human immunoglobulin). Sometimes after injection also makes an inoculation to stimulate the immune system to turn on the protective properties. If the immunoglobulin is not available (which, in general, it is not uncommon), used instead MSS - tetanus horse serum. But unlike PSCHI injection, it can cause allergic reactions, so before it is used to pre-allergoproby (and even for a week then you will need to take antihistamines). But after the introduction of serum in the physician's office is still better to stay somewhere around an hour.
Note that after the emergency has been made vaccination against tetanus , Will have to visit the emergency room again to make another shot (do not forget to check with the doctors when it is). Otherwise - if suddenly the child, such as a year accidentally stepped on a rusty nail - will have instilled the new.
Treatment and prevention
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