Pentoxifylline

Description overdue on 08.03.2012

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Antispasmodics . Pentoxifylline has a positive effect on blood properties relogicheskie moderately improves microcirculation Saturates and increases energy potential kontsentratsiyu tsAMF in platelets, inhibits phosphodiesterase causes vazodilatatsiyu It does not affect the heart rate. The drug increases the lumen of the coronary arteries, which significantly increases the amount of oxygen delivered to the myocardium ( antianginal ); pentoxifylline expands the pulmonary vessels, which improves blood oxygenation . The drug increases the tone of the diaphragm, the intercostal muscles and respiratory muscles. When administered intravenously enhanced collateral circulation, increases the volume of blood flowing through a unit cross section. Pentoxifylline has a positive effect on bioelectric and aktivnost of operation are the nervous system, increases the level of ATP in the brain. The drug increases the elasticity of red blood cells (due to the influence on the deformability of red blood cells abnormal blood), causes platelet disaggregation, reduces blood viscosity . In areas with impaired blood supply to the drug significantly improves. Pentoxifylline eliminates pain and cramps in ikronozhnyhmyshtsah, can increase walking distance in the intermittent claudication   (damage to the peripheral occlusive arterial located). Pentoxifylline is produced in the form of drops, concentrate, capsule, solution.

Indications:

Pentoxifylline prescribed for violations in the peripheral blood supply, violation of trophic tissue, Raynaud's disease , Occlusive disease, post-thrombotic syndrome If frostbite, gangrene, trophic ulcers of the lower leg, varicose veins, cerebral arteriosclerosis, viral neuroinfection, vascular encephalopathy. The drug is prescribed after myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, asthma, severe violations of blood supply to the retina, choroid, with otosclerosis When impotence of vascular origin.

Contraindications:

Pentoxifylline is not indicated in case of intolerance xanthine derivatives, with porphyria, acute myocardial infarction, hemorrhagic stroke , Massive blood loss, pregnancy, hemorrhages in the retina , Breastfeeding. Intravenous injections are not permitted under current uncontrolled hypotension, atherosclerosis, cerebral and coronary arteries pronounced, with arrhythmia. With instability in blood pressure after surgery, ulcerative lesions of the digestive system, chronic heart failure, kidney and liver pathology systems, the drug is prescribed with caution.

Side effect:

Nervous system: convulsions , Anxiety, dizziness, headaches. Skin : Increased fragility of the nail plate, swelling, redness of the skin, "tides" to the skin of the face and body. Digestive system: cholestatic hepatitis , Worsening cholecystitis , Intestinal, loss of appetite, dry mouth. Cardiac System : cardialgia , Arrhythmia, tachycardia, drop in blood pressure, progression angina . May impair vision, scotoma, thrombocytopenia, bleeding from the intestine, allergic reactions, anaphylactic shock, elevated liver enzymes, alkaline phosphatase.

Overdose:

Higher doses of the drug Pentoxifylline causes a drop in blood pressure, dizziness, tachycardia, fainting, hyperthermia, agitation, tonic-clonic seizures , Areflexia, vomiting "coffee grounds" and other signs of bleeding from the digestive tract. It requires timely washing of the digestive system, the reception enterosorbents, posimptomnaya therapy. With the development of bleeding is carried out urgent measures to stop the bleeding.

Mode of application:

Pentoxifylline is administered intramuscularly and intra-patient lying position. In the pathology of renal dose is reduced to 50-70 percent of the standard dose. Intravenously administered slowly, calculated according to the scheme: 50 mg of pentoxifylline for every 10 ml of sodium chloride, 0, 9%, is introduced for 10 minutes and then transferred to a drip: 100 mg diluted in 250-500 ml of sodium chloride 0, 9% or dextrose 5 %. Intraarterially 100 mg pentoxifylline bred in 20-50ml of sodium chloride. Deep intramuscularly administered three times a day, 100-200 mg. Valid besides injecting drug taking inside after eating twice a day at 800-1200 mg. The initial daily dose of pentoxifylline in tablet form is 600 mg, the amount of the drug is gradually reduced to 300 mg per day. Long-acting form of the drug taken twice a day.

Special instructions:

Pentoxifylline treatment performed under the control of blood pressure. Patients with diabetes   require additional correction doses received hypoglycemic agents. When concomitant administration of   anticoagulants   It requires control blood coagulation . Patients after surgery carried out monitoring hemoglobin and hematocrit. When blood pressure instability dose Pentoxifylline reduced. Tobacco smoke decreases the effectiveness of the drug. Compatible with pentoxifylline infusion solution should be checked before each infusion.

Drug Interactions:

Pentoxifylline is able to enhance the effectiveness of medications that affect the function of blood coagulation (thrombolytic agents, anticoagulants), antimicrobials, valproic acid . Pentoxifylline improves oral hypoglycemic agents, insulin, antihypertensive drugs. Cimetidine is able to raise the level of drug in the blood, and thus increases the risk of side effects. When coadministered with other xanthines marked nervous excitement.