Nasal allergy

July 3, 2011

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Allergic rhinitis or allergic rhinitis   - An inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity occurs when penetration of allergens in the human body during exhalation through the nasal mucosa. Allergen acts pollen, house dust, in large quantities contained in carpets, books and other locations. This disease is one of the most common in the world, for example, in Russia, according to, for rhinitis   allergic origin suffers from 11 to 24% of the population.

Key factors Causing allergic rhinitis - a airborne allergens . They can be divided into three groups:

• aeroallergens external environment - pollen;
• aeroallergens dwellings - mites contained in house dust or animal fur, insects, allergens, mold and yeast, some house plants and food;
• occupational allergens.

Starting torque may include: spicy foods, stress, hypothermia, emotional overload. Often the cause may be a genetic predisposition.
In form   Allergic rhinitis is divided into three classes:

• Seasonal (intermittent) allergic rhinitis - allergic to pollen in the air the appearance of flowering plants and trees. Since pollen can be spread by wind over long distances, to completely avoid contact with it is not possible, have a chance to reduce the risk.
• year-round (persistent) allergic rhinitis - can occur throughout the year. The reason is the house dust rather microscopic mites that live in dust and hair of some animals. Manifestations of perennial allergic rhinitis, usually somewhat weaker than seasonal.
• Professional of allergic rhinitis to stimuli - occurs in people while working in certain circumstances, it may also appear from the dust, but the exact nature of his appearance has not been studied.

According to clinical manifestations   release:

• mild, which is negligible, and the patient can go without treatment;
• medium gravity - in this case, the symptoms of allergic rhinitis can significantly impair the quality of life and interfere with the patient;
• severe - the patient is in serious condition, can not live a normal life and to fully work or study, the disease disrupts sleep.

The symptoms of allergic rhinitis

First of all, mention the symptoms of allergic rhinitis, we shall enumerate signs That can not be ignored and need to see a doctor:

• often occur during the day itchy nose;
• sneezing Often paroxysmal character;
• nasal congestion, runny nose, worse at night;
• watery discharge from the nose, in the case of accession of infection may take muco-purulent;
• nasal congestion, loss of smell;
• paroxysmal cough and sore throat;
• redness and festering, sometimes there are circles or puffiness under the eyes.

Admission antihistamines usually relieves the patient.

The symptoms of allergic rhinitis are not only unique for a given disease. Similar signs have all rhinitis, each of which requires some treatment, and therefore it is advisable to make an accurate diagnosis by a qualified allergist.

Diagnosis of allergic rhinitis

To confirm the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis should be analyzed in the nasal swab eosinophils . The presence of eosinophils in a smear of more than 5% of all detected cells, indicating the cause of allergic nasal congestion.

In the future, to clarify the diagnosis, it is necessary to identify the substance that causes symptoms and the cause of allergic rhinitis - the cause and significant allergen.

Diagnosis of allergic rhinitis   It has two varieties: the formulation of skin tests and a special blood test.

Statement of skin tests.   Mandatory condition - 5 days canceled taking any antihistamines and the patient's age from 4 to 50 years. On the upper arm to apply several small incisions in the dripping 1-2 drops of a specific allergen. After a while (15-30 minutes) is carried out inspection and measurement of bubbles appear. Skin testing - one of the reliable, widespread and economical types of allergy diagnostics. The test is not conducted in pregnant or lactating.

Blood tests for specific common   IgE-specific immunoglobulins . The level of total IgE at birth man near zero and gradually increases as they grow older. In adults, a reading above 100-150 IU / L is considered high. The method is not very common because of the high cost of the study, the cost of the panel of allergens comes to 16 thousand. Rub. Another negative - the unreliability often gives false positive results.

With those allergens, which gave a positive skin reaction, additional wires intranasal provocation test. Such a diagnosis of allergic rhinitis is provocation body reaction. To this is introduced into one nostril 2-3 drops of distilled water, and then gradually increase the concentration of the test allergen: 1: 100, 1:10, and solid solution. If after 15-20 minutes, there was a reaction - congestion, sneezing, burning, runny nose, the test is considered positive.

Perhaps research radioallergosorbent, radioimmunoassay, enzyme immunoassay or a chemiluminescence method, however, due to high costs, these methods have not been widely used.

Treatment of allergic rhinitis

Treatment involves removal of allergic inflammation of the mucous and holding allergenospetsificheskoy therapy.

In mild and moderate forms of allergic rhinitis antihistamine therapy is used, the preferred drug of the second ( Claritin . tsetrin . zodak ) Or third ( zirtek . telfast . erius ) Generation. Assign inside 1 per day according to the recommended dosages of age. Duration of at least 2 weeks.

If the treatment of allergic rhinitis does not give the desired effect, designate derivatives sodium cromoglycate ( kromogeksal . kromoglin . kromosol ). Preparations are issued in the form of sprays, a tangible effect is visible not earlier than 5-10 days.

In the case of severe illness are appointed nasal corticosteroids ( aldetsin . bekonaze . benarin . Nasonex . Fliksonaze . nazarel   et al.), issued in the form of sprays. The duration of treatment by a doctor.

Patients with contraindications to these drugs, appointed by allergen-specific immunotherapy . Treatment is carried out in a hospital allergist. The point of treatment is administered small doses of the allergen, which gradually increased, it is seeking to develop the body's tolerance to the allergen. At the same time try to relieve the symptoms of allergic rhinitis.

Allergic rhinitis be aware that treatment is necessary to carry out, even in the mild cases, otherwise, the disease may take a new, more severe, such as, for example, bronchial asthma .